if(!is.null(dev.list())) dev.off()null device
1 cat("\014")rm(list = ls())Ca3a_ectrics2
library(foreign)
library(tidyverse)── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.2
✔ ggplot2 4.0.0 ✔ tibble 3.3.0
✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
✔ purrr 1.1.0
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(dplyr)
library(tinytex)
library(summarytools)Warning: package 'summarytools' was built under R version 4.5.2
Attaching package: 'summarytools'
The following object is masked from 'package:tibble':
viewlibrary(knitr)
library(ivreg)Warning: package 'ivreg' was built under R version 4.5.2library(stargazer)Warning: package 'stargazer' was built under R version 4.5.2
Please cite as:
Hlavac, Marek (2022). stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables.
R package version 5.2.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazer theUrl_ca2a_ectrics2 <- "https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/9rH7XWcOqm6eniR/download"
literacy <- read.dta (file = theUrl_ca2a_ectrics2)
literacy <- na.omit(literacy)plot(literacy$kmwittenberg, literacy$inctax,
xlab="Distance from Wittenberg", ylab="Income tax revenues per capita",
ylim = c(0, 400))
abline(lm(literacy$inctaxpc ~ literacy$kmwittenberg))
reg_te <- ivreg(inctaxpc ~ f_prot + f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop
+ gpop + f_miss | f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop
+ gpop + f_miss + kmwittenberg, data=literacy)
stargazer(reg_te, type="text")
===============================================
Dependent variable:
---------------------------
inctaxpc
-----------------------------------------------
f_prot 0.835***
(0.276)
f_jew 11.407**
(4.435)
f_fem -23.015***
(3.029)
f_young -6.758***
(1.924)
f_pruss 3.073
(2.066)
hhsize -43.951***
(12.903)
pop -0.00001
(0.0002)
gpop 0.162
(1.092)
f_miss -10.438***
(3.446)
Constant 1,401.692***
(267.109)
-----------------------------------------------
Observations 426
R2 0.195
Adjusted R2 0.178
Residual Std. Error 63.810 (df = 416)
===============================================
Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01a) 0.835 Marks
summary(literacy$f_prot) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
0.2576 24.2803 84.7366 64.2521 98.2670 99.8888 b)
1st quartile: 24.2803
3rd quartile: 98.2670
Difference in percentage points = 98.2670 - 24.2803 = 73.9867.
0.835*73.9867 = 61.77889
Compared to the mean: 61.77889 / 198.3194 = 0.3115121 = 31,15% increase in per capita income tax revenues.
Mean per capita income tax revenues: 198.3194
mean(literacy$inctaxpc)[1] 198.3194c)
Prosperity
Protestantism
Literacy
Protestantism
reg_ie1 <- ivreg(f_rw ~ f_prot + f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop + gpop + f_miss | f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop + gpop + f_miss + kmwittenberg, data=literacy) stargazer(reg_ie1, type="text")=============================================== Dependent variable: --------------------------- f_rw ----------------------------------------------- f_prot 0.303*** (0.057) f_jew 1.557* (0.918) f_fem -3.608*** (0.627) f_young -1.780*** (0.398) f_pruss -0.212 (0.428) hhsize -6.145** (2.671) pop -0.0001*** (0.00004) gpop -0.102 (0.226) f_miss -2.131*** (0.713) Constant 356.536*** (55.290) ----------------------------------------------- Observations 426 R2 -0.029 Adjusted R2 -0.052 Residual Std. Error 13.208 (df = 416) =============================================== Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01d) 0.303. If share of Protestantism increases by 1 percentage point, then share if literate population increases by 0.303 percentage points.
e) 0.083
reg_ie2 <- ivreg(inctaxpc ~ f_rw + f_prot + f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop + gpop + f_miss | f_prot + f_jew + f_fem + f_young + f_pruss + hhsize + pop + gpop + f_miss + kmwittenberg, data=literacy) stargazer(reg_ie2, type="text")=============================================== Dependent variable: --------------------------- inctaxpc ----------------------------------------------- f_rw 2.484*** (0.855) f_prot 0.083 (0.084) f_jew 7.539** (3.282) f_fem -14.052*** (4.091) f_young -2.336 (2.193) f_pruss 3.601* (1.926) hhsize -28.687** (14.302) pop 0.0003* (0.0002) gpop 0.416 (1.025) f_miss -5.145* (2.937) Constant 516.056 (445.571) ----------------------------------------------- Observations 426 R2 0.345 Adjusted R2 0.329 Residual Std. Error 57.648 (df = 415) =============================================== Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01f) Total effect = direct + indirect effect so: 0.835 = 0.083 + indirect effect, thus indirect effect = 0.835 - 0.083 = 0.752.
Product of two indirect effects: 0.303*2.484 = 0.752652.
g) Indirect effect / total effect: 0.752 / 0.835 = 90.1%