QUESB

Load Packages

library(readxl)
library(ggplot2)
library(rcompanion)

Importing Datasets

DatasetB2 <- read_excel("/Users/karim/Desktop/DatasetB2.xlsx")
head(DatasetB2)

## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##   StudentID StudentType   PetOwnership
##       <dbl> <chr>         <chr>       
## 1         1 Domestic      No          
## 2         2 Domestic      No          
## 3         3 Domestic      No          
## 4         4 International Yes         
## 5         5 Domestic      No          
## 6         6 International No

Create Contingency Table

tab <- table(DatasetB2$StudentType, DatasetB2$PetOwnership)
tab

##                
##                 No Yes
##   Domestic      27  25
##   International 23  25

Create Grouped Bar Chart

ggplot(DatasetB2, aes(x = StudentType, fill = PetOwnership)) +
  geom_bar(position = "dodge") +
  labs(
    x = "Student Type",
    y = "Frequency",
    title = "Pet Ownership by Student Type"
  ) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 14)
  )

Chi-Square Test of Independence

chi_result <- chisq.test(tab)
chi_result

## 
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction
## 
## data:  tab
## X-squared = 0.040064, df = 1, p-value = 0.8414

Effect Size (Cramer’s V)

cramerV(tab)

## Cramer V 
##  0.04003

Interpretation The Chi-Square Test of Independence showed that there was no significant relationship between student type and pet ownership, χ²(1) = 0.04, p = 0.841. Thus, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This implies that there is no relationship between student type (domestic or international) and pet ownership.