\[ y = \beta_0 - \beta_1 x + \epsilon, \quad \text{where } \beta_1 > 0 \] \[ \beta_0 = \text {y-intercept} \] \[ \beta_1 = \text{slope coefficient} \] \[ \epsilon = \text{error term} \]

\[ y = \hat{\beta}_0 + \hat{\beta}_1 x \]

ggplot(data = carlos_santana_baseballref, aes(x = Age, y = OBP)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(
    title = "On-base Percentage for Each Age",
    x = "Age",
    y = "On-base Percentage"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", formula = y ~ x, se = FALSE, color = "blue") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(aspect.ratio = 0.5) +
  coord_fixed()

Carlos Santana’s offensive production has continued to decline as the seasons pass by, and he gets older. Although the odds are not zero, it is safe to say he will not be the NL MVP next season.

Carlos Santana Standard Batting Stats From Baseball Reference