data(iris)
head(iris, 5)
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
tail(iris, 5)
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica
names(iris)
## [1] "Sepal.Length" "Sepal.Width" "Petal.Length" "Petal.Width" "Species"
names(iris) <- tolower(names(iris))
names(iris)
## [1] "sepal.length" "sepal.width" "petal.length" "petal.width" "species"
dim(iris)
## [1] 150 5
summary(iris)
## sepal.length sepal.width petal.length petal.width
## Min. :4.300 Min. :2.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :0.100
## 1st Qu.:5.100 1st Qu.:2.800 1st Qu.:1.600 1st Qu.:0.300
## Median :5.800 Median :3.000 Median :4.350 Median :1.300
## Mean :5.843 Mean :3.057 Mean :3.758 Mean :1.199
## 3rd Qu.:6.400 3rd Qu.:3.300 3rd Qu.:5.100 3rd Qu.:1.800
## Max. :7.900 Max. :4.400 Max. :6.900 Max. :2.500
## species
## setosa :50
## versicolor:50
## virginica :50
##
##
##
iris_selected <- iris[, c("sepal.length", "petal.length")]
head(iris_selected)
## sepal.length petal.length
## 1 5.1 1.4
## 2 4.9 1.4
## 3 4.7 1.3
## 4 4.6 1.5
## 5 5.0 1.4
## 6 5.4 1.7
virginica_data <- iris[iris$species == "virginica" & iris$sepal.length > 6, ]
head(virginica_data)
## sepal.length sepal.width petal.length petal.width species
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
virginica_data <- subset(iris, species == "virginica" & sepal.length > 6)
head(virginica_data)
## sepal.length sepal.width petal.length petal.width species
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
hist(
iris$sepal.length,
main = "Histogram of Sepal Length",
xlab = "Sepal Length",
ylab = "Frequency",
col = "lightblue",
border = "black"
)
plot(iris)
