HDS 3.3-3.4

library(tidyverse)
library(palmerpenguins)

Begin by loading the tidyverse and palmerpenguins packages in the code chunk above and adding your name as the author.

Visualizing the penguins Data

Two Categorical Variables

Let’s start by making a stacked bar chart of the island variable by sex. Fill in the missing code:

# Insert your code here to make the stacked bar chart
ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  aes(
    x = island,
    fill = sex
  )
) +
  geom_bar()

  labs(
    x = "Island",
    y = "Number of Penguins",
    fill = "Sex",
    title = "Distribution of Penguin Species by Island and Sex"
  )

<ggplot2::labels> List of 4
 $ x    : chr "Island"
 $ y    : chr "Number of Penguins"
 $ fill : chr "Sex"
 $ title: chr "Distribution of Penguin Species by Island and Sex"

Modify the previous bar chart to make a side-by-side bar chart of the two variables:

# Insert your code here to make the stacked bar chart
ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  aes(
    x = island,
    fill = sex
  )
) +
  geom_bar(position = "dodge")

  labs(
    x = "Island",
    y = "Number of Penguins",
    fill = "Sex",
    title = "Distribution of Penguin Species by Island and Sex"
  )

<ggplot2::labels> List of 4
 $ x    : chr "Island"
 $ y    : chr "Number of Penguins"
 $ fill : chr "Sex"
 $ title: chr "Distribution of Penguin Species by Island and Sex"

One Quantitative/One Categorical Variables

Now let’s make side-by-side boxplots of body_mass_g by sex. Put the quantitative variable on the y-axis and the categorical variable on the x-axis.

ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  aes(
    x = sex,
    y = body_mass_g
  )
) +
  geom_boxplot()

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_boxplot()`).

One Quantitative/Two Categorical Variables

Is there a difference in body_mass_g between sexes? Use facet_wrap() to modify the previous plot to compare the sexes separately for each species. Is the sex difference more or less clear now?

ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  aes(
    x = sex,
    y = body_mass_g,
  )
) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  facet_wrap(~ species)

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_boxplot()`).

Two Quantitative Variables

Is there a relationship between flipper_length_mm and set the body_mass_g? Make a scatterplot of the two variables:

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  aes(
    x = flipper_length_mm,
    y = body_mass_g,
  )
) +
  geom_point()

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Now add species to the plot by using different colored points:

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  aes(
    x = flipper_length_mm,
    y = body_mass_g,
    color = species
  )
) +
  geom_point()

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Now make the size of the points proportional to bill_depth_mm.

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  aes(
    x = flipper_length_mm,
    y = body_mass_g,
    color = species,
    size = bill_depth_mm
  )
) +
  geom_point()

Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

What additional insight do you get from this?

The largest group of penguins lives on Biscoe Island, while the fewest live on Torgerson Island. Gentoo penguins have large flippers, small beaks, and high body mass. Chinstrap and Adelie penguins have smaller flippers and body mass, but larger beaks. Males of all species tend to be bigger than their female counterparts.