HDS 3.1-3.2

library(tidyverse)
library(palmerpenguins)

Begin by loading the tidyverse and palmerpenguins packages in the code chunk above and adding your name as the author.

Visualizing the penguins Data

Categorical Variables

Let’s start by making a bar chart of the species variable. Modify this code by filling in the ______ to do so:

ggplot(data = penguins,
       mapping = aes(x = species)) +
  geom_bar() +
  labs(
    x = "Penguin Species",
    y = "Number of Penguins",
    title = "Distribution of Penguin Species near Palmer Station, Antarctica"
  )

Make a bar chart showing the number of penguins on each island by using the code above as a template:

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = island)
) + 
  geom_bar() + 
  labs(
  title = "Distribution of Penguins on Islands",
  x = "Island Name",
  y = "Number of Penguins"
)

Quantitative Variables

Now let’s make a histogram of the bill_length_mm variable. Modify this code by filling in the ______ to do so:

ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  mapping = aes(x = bill_length_mm)) +
  geom_histogram() +
  labs(
    x = "Bill Length",
    y = "Number of Penguins",
    title = "Distribution of Bill Length for Penguins"
  )

Make a histogram of flipper_length_mm and set the binwidth to 4. Use the code above as a template:

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm),
) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 4) +
  labs(
    x = "Flipper Length",
    y = "Number of Penguins",
    title = "Distribution of Flipper Length for Penguins"
  )

Now make a density plot (instead of a histogram) of flipper_length_mm by using the geom_density() function:

ggplot(
  data = penguins,
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm),
) +
  geom_density() +
  labs(
    x = "Flipper Length",
    y = "Density",
    title = "Density of Penguins Based on Flipper Length"
  )

Suppose we would like to look at how flipper_length_mm differs across species. Modify this code by filling in the ______ to do so:

ggplot(
  data = penguins, 
  mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm)) +
  geom_histogram() +
  facet_wrap( ~ species) +
  labs(
    x = "Flipper Length",
    y = "Species",
    title = "Flipper Length Based on Species"
  )

Do different species have distinctly different flipper lengths?

Species appear to have different flipper lengths. When looking at the distribution, the average flipper length for Adelie penguins is about 190mm. For Chinstrap penguins, the average is about 195-200mm. For Gentoo penguins, the average is about 220mm.