Coding for Machines and Humans / R Packages

Author

Ben Lopez

Published

January 26, 2026

Section 1.4 Coding for Machines and Humans

Read Section 1.4 in Hello Data Science and peruse Chapter 2 of the Tidyverse style guide. Using what you’ve learned, modify the code below to be more readable and consistent with these guidelines.

stat210_students <- c("Archie" ,"Edith" ,"Gloria" ,"Meathead" ,"Lionel")
exam_scores <- c(67 ,89 ,73 ,71 ,84)
extra_credit <- c(5 ,3 ,6 ,9 ,5)
total_score <- exam_scores + extra_credit
stat210 <- data.frame(students = stat210_students ,exam = exam_scores ,                    EC = extra_credit ,total = total_score)
stat210
  students exam EC total
1   Archie   67  5    72
2    Edith   89  3    92
3   Gloria   73  6    79
4 Meathead   71  9    80
5   Lionel   84  5    89

Section 1.5 R Packages

Go to the Console and install the cowsay package. Add code below that loads the package and then test out the say() function by using it to create output with three different animals/sayings.

library(cowsay)
say(
  what = ' Q: what does a cow watch? A: MOO-Tube'
)

 _______________________________________ 
< Q: what does a cow watch? A: MOO-Tube >
 --------------------------------------- 
      \
       \

        ^__^ 
        (oo)\ ________ 
        (__)\         )\ /\ 
             ||------w|
             ||      ||
say(
  what = 'That is HISS-terical',
  by = 'cat'
)

 ______________________ 
< That is HISS-terical >
 ---------------------- 
         \
          \

            |\___/|
          ==) ^Y^ (==
            \  ^  /
             )=*=(
            /     \
            |     |
           /| | | |\
           \| | |_|/\
      jgs  //_// ___/
               \_)
say(
  what = 'What a FIN-tastic joke',
  by = 'shark'
)

 ________________________ 
< What a FIN-tastic joke >
 ------------------------ 
           \
            \

              /""-._
              .       '-,
               :          '',
                ;      *     '.
                 ' *         () '.
                   \               \
                    \      _.---.._ '.
                    :  .' _.--''-''  \ ,'
        .._           '/.'             . ;
        ; `-.          ,                \'
         ;   `,         ;              ._\
          ;    \     _,-'                ''--._
          :    \_,-'                          '-._
          \ ,-'                       .          '-._
          .'         __.-'';            \...,__       '.
        .'      _,-'        \              \   ''--.,__  '\
        /    _,--' ;         \              ;           \^.}
        ;_,-' )     \  )\      )            ;
             /       \/  \_.,-'             ;
            /                              ;
         ,-'  _,-'''-.    ,-.,            ;      PFA
      ,-' _.-'        \  /    |/'-._...--'
     :--``             )/
  '