Coding for Machines and Humans / R Packages

Author

Alana Zarneke

Published

January 27, 2026

Section 1.4 Coding for Machines and Humans

Read Section 1.4 in Hello Data Science and peruse Chapter 2 of the Tidyverse style guide. Using what you’ve learned, modify the code below to be more readable and consistent with these guidelines.

stat_210_students <- c("Archie", "Edith", "Gloria", "Meathead", "Lionel")
exam_scores <- c(67, 89, 73, 71, 84)
extra_credit <- c(5, 3, 6, 9, 5)
total_score <- exam_scores + extra_credit
stat_210 <- data.frame(students = stat_210_students, exam = exam_scores, EC = extra_credit, total = total_score)
stat_210
  students exam EC total
1   Archie   67  5    72
2    Edith   89  3    92
3   Gloria   73  6    79
4 Meathead   71  9    80
5   Lionel   84  5    89

Section 1.5 R Packages

Go to the Console and install the cowsay package. Add code below that loads the package and then test out the say() function by using it to create output with three different animals/sayings.

library("cowsay")

say(what = "I think I figured this out!", by = "whale")

 _____________________________ 
< I think I figured this out! >
 ----------------------------- 
  \
   \

     .-'
'--./ /     _.---.
'-,  (__..-`       \
   \          .     |
    `,.__.   ,__.--/
     '._/_.'___.-`
say(what = "Q: Why didn't the toilet paper cross the road\nA: Because it didn't want to get stuck in the crack", by = "stretchycat")

 __________________________________________________ 
/ Q: Why didn't the toilet paper cross the road A: \
\ Because it didn't want to get stuck in the crack /
 -------------------------------------------------- 
                              \
                               \

                        ,/|         _.--‛‛^``-...___.._.,;
                      /, \‛.     _-‛          ,--,,,--‛‛‛
                     {  \    `_-‛‛       ‛    /}‛
Jill                    `;;‛             ;   ; ;
                  ._.--‛‛     ._,,, _..‛  .;.‛
                  (,_....----‛‛‛     (,..--‛‛
say(what = "It's cold outside", by = "snowman")

 ___________________ 
< It's cold outside >
 ------------------- 
  \
   \

     _[_]_
      (")
  >--( : )--<
    (__:__) [nosig]