Scenario

We will analyze data collected from adult penguins found on three islands in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The data collected includes the penguin’s species, the island they were found on, the sex of the penguin, and several quantitative variables (flipper length, body mass, bill dimensions).

Our goal is to examine the data in general, and to do some more detailed analysis for the “species” variable.

The Data

We start by looking at the size of the data frame, as well as the names of the variables.

dim(P)
## [1] 344   8
names(P)
## [1] "species"           "island"            "bill_length_mm"   
## [4] "bill_depth_mm"     "flipper_length_mm" "body_mass_g"      
## [7] "sex"               "year"

As we can see, there are 344 rows in our data frame (i.e. 344 penguins), and there are 8 columns (i.e. 8 variables). The variables are species (categorical), island (categorical), bill length (quantitative; measured in mm), bill depth (quantitative; measured in mm), flipper length (quantitative; measured in mm), body mass (quantitative; measured in grams), sex (categorical), and year of data (quantitative but discrete - can also be viewed as categorical and ordinal).

Analyzing Penguin Species

We start by counting how many penguins of each of our three species appear in the islands. We do this with a frequency table. We also create a relative frequency table to measure proportions.

table(P$species)
## 
##    Adelie Chinstrap    Gentoo 
##       152        68       124
prop.table(table(P$species))
## 
##    Adelie Chinstrap    Gentoo 
## 0.4418605 0.1976744 0.3604651

In this small snapshot, we see that roughly 44% of the penguins are Adelie penguins; 20% of the penguins are Chinstrap penguins; and 36% are Gentoo penguins.

To display this information visually, we create the following bar plot:

ggplot(data=P, aes(x=species, fill=species))+
geom_bar()+
  labs(x = "Penguin Species", y = "Count") +
  theme_minimal()

IF TIME: DO A SIMILAR ANALYSIS FOR ISLAND

(Your work here. But only if there is time. You will not be penalized if there is nothing added here.)

In Conclusion

In this report, we analyzed data collected from penguins in the Palmer islands. Focusing primarily on species, we saw the relative frequency for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguins on these islands.