Dimensionality Reduction and Structural Analysis of the 2021 Global Economy
Purpose of the Project
Data Selection and Preprocessing
For this study, the dataset was filtered to include only observations from the year 2021. This ensures that all countries are compared within the same temporal context, avoiding distortions caused by long-term economic changes across different years. Focusing on a single year allows the analysis to capture a clear snapshot of the global economic structure rather than trends over time.
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Removal of Redundancy.
Many economic indicators in the dataset measure overlapping concepts. For example, Total Value Added and GDP convey nearly identical information about economic output. Including both variables adds complexity without increasing information. PCA combines such correlated variables into a smaller number of independent components.
Curse of Dimensionality.
The dataset contains 26 economic indicators, which makes direct visualization and interpretation impossible. Dimensionality reduction compresses this high-dimensional space into two principal components (PC1 and PC2), enabling meaningful visualization and analysis.
Noise Reduction.
By retaining only the leading principal components, which explain approximately 92% of the total variance, the analysis filters out minor random fluctuations and measurement noise, allowing the focus to remain on dominant global economic patterns.
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SETUP: Load required libraries
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LOAD DATA
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Then we need to load our dataset
## CountryID Country Year AMA.exchange.rate IMF.based.exchange.rate
## 1 4 Afghanistan 1970 0.04499843 0.04499843
## 2 4 Afghanistan 1971 0.04499843 0.04499843
## 3 4 Afghanistan 1972 0.04499843 0.04499843
## 4 4 Afghanistan 1973 0.04499843 0.04499843
## 5 4 Afghanistan 1974 0.04499843 0.04499843
## 6 4 Afghanistan 1975 0.04499843 0.04499843
## Population Currency Per.capita.GNI
## 1 10752971 Afghani 164
## 2 11015857 Afghani 168
## 3 11286753 Afghani 149
## 4 11575305 Afghani 150
## 5 11869879 Afghani 177
## 6 12157386 Afghani 195
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. Changes.in.inventories
## 1 869917407 NA
## 2 910828104 NA
## 3 827945340 NA
## 4 855486925 NA
## 5 1035913365 NA
## 6 1165441381 NA
## Construction..ISIC.F. Exports.of.goods.and.services
## 1 46793902 165618722
## 2 48994113 193580300
## 3 44535223 227654380
## 4 46018542 226913554
## 5 55721659 284938449
## 6 62686658 300493815
## Final.consumption.expenditure
## 1 1663221269
## 2 1796541240
## 3 1607159399
## 4 1617037233
## 5 1907408182
## 6 2131358499
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure Gross.capital.formation
## 1 112126986 94611818
## 2 121114833 99012350
## 3 108347543 103456794
## 4 109013455 121728433
## 5 128588961 175061875
## 6 143686711 221728484
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## 1 94611818
## 2 99012350
## 3 103456794
## 4 121728433
## 5 175061875
## 6 221728484
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## 1 1551094283
## 2 1675426407
## 3 1498811856
## 4 1508023800
## 5 1778819221
## 6 1987671788
## Imports.of.goods.and.services Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## 1 195277226 370146827
## 2 276296480 387549502
## 3 290370350 352284669
## 4 262962880 364010279
## 5 305679151 440760406
## 6 333827202 495891889
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P.
## 1 376690811 127747843
## 2 394401164 133754097
## 3 358512865 121582672
## 4 370445793 125630236
## 5 448552790 152119162
## 6 504659018 171142804
## Total.Value.Added X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## 1 1731454254 83917200
## 2 1812857077 87860382
## 3 1647917912 79864525
## 4 1702734673 82528885
## 5 2061751510 99918604
## 6 2319778374 112416374
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## 1 226387091
## 2 237019196
## 3 215477287
## 4 222624293
## 5 269525910
## 6 303432162
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## 1 1766527525 1731435587
## 2 1850121913 1812837521
## 3 1683947905 1647900178
## 4 1739998153 1702716294
## 5 2106420227 2061729287
## 6 2369877014 2319753506## 'data.frame': 10512 obs. of 26 variables:
## $ CountryID : int 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
## $ Country : chr " Afghanistan " " Afghanistan " " Afghanistan " " Afghanistan " ...
## $ Year : int 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 ...
## $ AMA.exchange.rate : num 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 ...
## $ IMF.based.exchange.rate : num 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 ...
## $ Population : int 10752971 11015857 11286753 11575305 11869879 12157386 12425267 12687301 12938862 12986369 ...
## $ Currency : chr " Afghani " " Afghani " " Afghani " " Afghani " ...
## $ Per.capita.GNI : int 164 168 149 150 177 195 207 231 254 285 ...
## $ X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. : num 8.70e+08 9.11e+08 8.28e+08 8.55e+08 1.04e+09 ...
## $ Changes.in.inventories : num NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ Construction..ISIC.F. : num 46793902 48994113 44535223 46018542 55721659 ...
## $ Exports.of.goods.and.services : num 1.66e+08 1.94e+08 2.28e+08 2.27e+08 2.85e+08 ...
## $ Final.consumption.expenditure : num 1.66e+09 1.80e+09 1.61e+09 1.62e+09 1.91e+09 ...
## $ General.government.final.consumption.expenditure : num 1.12e+08 1.21e+08 1.08e+08 1.09e+08 1.29e+08 ...
## $ Gross.capital.formation : num 9.46e+07 9.90e+07 1.03e+08 1.22e+08 1.75e+08 ...
## $ Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. : num 9.46e+07 9.90e+07 1.03e+08 1.22e+08 1.75e+08 ...
## $ Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.: num 1.55e+09 1.68e+09 1.50e+09 1.51e+09 1.78e+09 ...
## $ Imports.of.goods.and.services : num 1.95e+08 2.76e+08 2.90e+08 2.63e+08 3.06e+08 ...
## $ Manufacturing..ISIC.D. : num 3.70e+08 3.88e+08 3.52e+08 3.64e+08 4.41e+08 ...
## $ X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. : num 3.77e+08 3.94e+08 3.59e+08 3.70e+08 4.49e+08 ...
## $ Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. : num 1.28e+08 1.34e+08 1.22e+08 1.26e+08 1.52e+08 ...
## $ Total.Value.Added : num 1.73e+09 1.81e+09 1.65e+09 1.70e+09 2.06e+09 ...
## $ X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. : num 83917200 87860382 79864525 82528885 99918604 ...
## $ X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. : num 2.26e+08 2.37e+08 2.15e+08 2.23e+08 2.70e+08 ...
## $ Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD : num 1.77e+09 1.85e+09 1.68e+09 1.74e+09 2.11e+09 ...
## $ Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. : num 1.73e+09 1.81e+09 1.65e+09 1.70e+09 2.06e+09 ...## CountryID Country Year AMA.exchange.rate
## Min. : 4.0 Length:10512 Min. :1970 Min. :0.000e+00
## 1st Qu.:212.0 Class :character 1st Qu.:1984 1st Qu.:1.000e+00
## Median :430.0 Mode :character Median :1997 Median :2.813e+00
## Mean :431.1 Mean :1996 Mean :3.574e+02
## 3rd Qu.:643.0 3rd Qu.:2009 3rd Qu.:5.134e+01
## Max. :894.0 Max. :2021 Max. :1.116e+05
##
## IMF.based.exchange.rate Population Currency
## Min. : 0.000 Min. :4.359e+03 Length:10512
## 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.:6.331e+05 Class :character
## Median : 2.761 Median :5.052e+06 Mode :character
## Mean : 341.985 Mean :2.852e+07
## 3rd Qu.: 48.067 3rd Qu.:1.679e+07
## Max. :42000.000 Max. :1.426e+09
##
## Per.capita.GNI X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## Min. : 34 Min. :2.814e+04
## 1st Qu.: 730 1st Qu.:1.305e+08
## Median : 2316 Median :9.314e+08
## Mean : 8966 Mean :7.793e+09
## 3rd Qu.: 8966 3rd Qu.:4.023e+09
## Max. :234317 Max. :1.350e+12
## NA's :121
## Changes.in.inventories Construction..ISIC.F. Exports.of.goods.and.services
## Min. :-1.510e+11 Min. :1.577e+05 Min. :-1.670e+09
## 1st Qu.: 4.674e+05 1st Qu.:6.816e+07 1st Qu.: 4.027e+08
## Median : 6.830e+07 Median :3.718e+08 Median : 2.408e+09
## Mean : 1.627e+09 Mean :1.002e+10 Mean : 4.671e+10
## 3rd Qu.: 6.911e+08 3rd Qu.:2.816e+09 3rd Qu.: 1.542e+10
## Max. : 2.110e+11 Max. :1.240e+12 Max. : 3.530e+12
## NA's :1841 NA's :21
## Final.consumption.expenditure General.government.final.consumption.expenditure
## Min. :2.044e+06 Min. :5.001e+05
## 1st Qu.:1.210e+09 1st Qu.:2.132e+08
## Median :6.524e+09 Median :1.122e+09
## Mean :1.358e+11 Mean :3.085e+10
## 3rd Qu.:3.784e+10 3rd Qu.:7.423e+09
## Max. :1.930e+13 Max. :3.350e+12
## NA's :52
## Gross.capital.formation
## Min. :-4.397e+10
## 1st Qu.: 2.808e+08
## Median : 1.766e+09
## Mean : 4.654e+10
## 3rd Qu.: 1.241e+10
## Max. : 7.600e+12
## NA's :52
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## Min. :2.920e+05
## 1st Qu.:2.735e+08
## Median :1.632e+09
## Mean :4.519e+10
## 3rd Qu.:1.166e+10
## Max. :7.430e+12
## NA's :52
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## Min. :7.960e+05
## 1st Qu.:9.390e+08
## Median :5.154e+09
## Mean :1.055e+11
## 3rd Qu.:3.009e+10
## Max. :1.590e+13
## NA's :52
## Imports.of.goods.and.services Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## Min. :1.982e+06 Min. :-2.485e+05
## 1st Qu.:5.891e+08 1st Qu.: 1.109e+08
## Median :2.892e+09 Median : 9.114e+08
## Mean :4.592e+10 Mean : 3.093e+10
## 3rd Qu.:1.602e+10 3rd Qu.: 7.405e+09
## Max. :3.400e+12 Max. : 4.870e+12
## NA's :42 NA's :43
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P.
## Min. :-2.581e+06 Min. :1.044e+06
## 1st Qu.: 1.857e+08 1st Qu.:3.556e+08
## Median : 1.597e+09 Median :2.107e+09
## Mean : 4.153e+10 Mean :7.474e+10
## 3rd Qu.: 1.251e+10 3rd Qu.:1.442e+10
## Max. : 5.780e+12 Max. :1.290e+13
##
## Total.Value.Added X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## Min. :2.411e+06 Min. :-6.479e+06
## 1st Qu.:1.356e+09 1st Qu.: 8.999e+07
## Median :7.494e+09 Median : 5.442e+08
## Mean :1.745e+11 Mean : 1.557e+10
## 3rd Qu.:4.819e+10 3rd Qu.: 3.976e+09
## Max. :2.330e+13 Max. : 2.490e+12
## NA's :49
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## Min. :2.302e+05
## 1st Qu.:2.079e+08
## Median :1.056e+09
## Mean :2.510e+10
## 3rd Qu.:6.707e+09
## Max. :3.520e+12
## NA's :49
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## Min. :3.565e+06 Min. :2.585e+06
## 1st Qu.:1.411e+09 1st Qu.:1.439e+09
## Median :7.887e+09 Median :8.071e+09
## Mean :1.825e+11 Mean :1.829e+11
## 3rd Qu.:5.006e+10 3rd Qu.:5.173e+10
## Max. :2.360e+13 Max. :2.330e+13
## ## [1] 10512 26# filter for a year
data_2021 <- subset(data, Year==2021) # and check the column names
colnames(data_2021)## [1] "CountryID"
## [2] "Country"
## [3] "Year"
## [4] "AMA.exchange.rate"
## [5] "IMF.based.exchange.rate"
## [6] "Population"
## [7] "Currency"
## [8] "Per.capita.GNI"
## [9] "X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.."
## [10] "Changes.in.inventories"
## [11] "Construction..ISIC.F."
## [12] "Exports.of.goods.and.services"
## [13] "Final.consumption.expenditure"
## [14] "General.government.final.consumption.expenditure"
## [15] "Gross.capital.formation"
## [16] "Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables."
## [17] "Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households."
## [18] "Imports.of.goods.and.services"
## [19] "Manufacturing..ISIC.D."
## [20] "X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.."
## [21] "Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P."
## [22] "Total.Value.Added"
## [23] "X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.."
## [24] "X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.."
## [25] "Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD"
## [26] "Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP."===============================
CHECKING THE DATA
===============================
By assigning the Country names as row identifiers, the code ensures that the observations remain identifiable throughout the mathematical transformations.It then utilizes Column Subsetting to isolate only the numeric economic indicators, followed by Listwise Deletion (na.omit) to remove any incomplete records, resulting in a stable matrix required for calculating correlations and distances.
# Country lables
country_labels <-data_2021$Country
# Keeping only the numeric values
economy_matrix <- as.matrix(data_2021[,8:26])
economy_matrix## Per.capita.GNI X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## 52 377 5.002252e+09
## 104 6290 3.228969e+09
## 156 3618 1.990389e+10
## 208 42066 1.768197e+07
## 260 2070 8.101381e+09
## 312 14735 3.195926e+07
## 344 5263 3.209882e+09
## 396 10590 2.935235e+10
## 448 64490 5.503130e+10
## 500 54082 5.822974e+09
## 552 25962 5.488500e+07
## 604 24990 1.142929e+08
## 656 2579 4.826554e+10
## 688 5032 1.571535e+09
## 740 16887 7.180000e+07
## 792 51639 3.939945e+09
## 844 112607 1.715340e+07
## 896 2809 4.048948e+08
## 948 3266 5.221651e+09
## 980 7082 1.204869e+09
## 1032 6692 3.032892e+08
## 1084 7305 1.110000e+11
## 1136 5936 1.915703e+08
## 1188 2323 5.482297e+08
## 1240 45120 1.983849e+06
## 1292 31650 1.759622e+08
## 1344 11889 3.670814e+09
## 1396 1095 1.492551e+10
## 1448 312 1.322658e+09
## 1480 6842 4.640651e+09
## 1532 1523 6.058767e+09
## 1584 1636 7.803536e+09
## 1636 51741 3.529815e+10
## 1688 3229 8.538080e+07
## 1740 61982 2.448922e+07
## 1792 493 7.992062e+08
## 1844 3823 7.686524e+09
## 1896 923 7.204199e+09
## 1948 15320 1.041496e+10
## 2000 12324 1.350000e+12
## 2052 6003 2.336144e+10
## 2104 1620 5.004744e+08
## 2156 1737 1.100212e+09
## 2208 541 1.048622e+10
## 2260 19264 8.945543e+06
## 2312 11627 2.863276e+09
## 2344 16950 2.004502e+09
## 2396 11086 2.683671e+09
## 2448 29554 4.830311e+08
## 2501 25608 5.200486e+09
## 2553 1347 5.046093e+09
## 2605 70390 3.454050e+09
## 2657 7594 9.447778e+07
## 2709 8053 5.339627e+09
## 2761 5873 9.994760e+09
## 2813 4294 1.413032e+09
## 2865 6991 3.229001e+08
## 2921 821 3.729899e+10
## 2953 616 3.975888e+08
## 2985 27506 7.515132e+08
## 3037 4376 6.238877e+08
## 3089 54714 6.825594e+09
## 3141 45535 4.851482e+10
## 3193 19915 1.791785e+08
## 3245 3254 4.357543e+07
## 3297 7358 1.145473e+09
## 3329 4700 1.143422e+09
## 3381 753 4.569869e+08
## 3433 4176 1.293555e+09
## 3485 52885 3.624035e+10
## 3537 2348 1.558625e+10
## 3589 3018 5.256263e+07
## 3641 20481 8.317434e+09
## 3693 56613 5.882996e+08
## 3745 8529 5.758826e+07
## 3797 4791 8.079957e+09
## 3849 1046 4.070368e+09
## 3901 11063 1.085118e+09
## 3953 1665 3.925921e+09
## 4005 2546 3.145396e+09
## 4057 52777 3.338281e+08
## 4109 18139 6.100254e+09
## 4161 69996 1.158139e+09
## 4213 2239 5.380000e+11
## 4265 4217 1.580000e+11
## 4317 6556 7.468803e+10
## 4369 4645 8.215737e+09
## 4421 76726 5.131384e+09
## 4473 53302 5.137601e+09
## 4525 36216 4.066734e+10
## 4577 2462 1.423319e+10
## 4629 5023 1.222560e+09
## 4681 41162 5.141133e+10
## 4713 9168 9.867478e+09
## 4765 4038 2.373239e+09
## 4817 2051 2.474890e+10
## 4869 662 3.986608e+09
## 4921 35329 3.240994e+10
## 4953 5792 6.516284e+08
## 5005 36453 5.872826e+08
## 5037 1294 1.204656e+09
## 5089 2414 3.042922e+09
## 5141 6521 1.543121e+09
## 5193 1224 1.002491e+08
## 5225 20876 1.637234e+09
## 5277 413 1.635262e+09
## 5329 5839 1.511274e+09
## 5381 198294 9.165894e+06
## 5413 22926 2.201851e+09
## 5465 93369 1.667522e+08
## 5517 51684 NA
## 5569 489 3.466857e+09
## 5621 602 3.255907e+09
## 5673 10769 3.582871e+10
## 5725 9391 2.846476e+08
## 5777 849 6.792622e+09
## 5829 31132 1.580141e+08
## 5881 2144 1.857173e+09
## 5933 9005 3.764355e+08
## 5985 9956 4.950326e+10
## 6037 234317 NA
## 6089 3889 1.991635e+09
## 6121 4592 1.420712e+09
## 6153 9529 3.667678e+08
## 6205 16204 4.507940e+05
## 6257 3801 1.719522e+10
## 6309 481 4.337879e+09
## 6361 18184 1.870358e+09
## 6413 4760 1.149835e+09
## 6465 17434 3.702092e+06
## 6517 1212 7.719331e+09
## 6569 56574 1.566776e+10
## 6629 15409 5.246814e+06
## 6681 27927 8.414460e+05
## 6698 25320 NA
## 6750 34994 1.976989e+08
## 6802 3183 2.131399e+08
## 6854 47876 1.424149e+10
## 6906 1927 2.169868e+09
## 6958 585 5.441146e+09
## 7010 1868 1.010000e+11
## 7062 93149 7.780093e+09
## 7114 3934 9.088144e+07
## 7166 7455 6.047600e+07
## 7218 16252 8.316513e+06
## 7270 1584 7.765777e+10
## 7322 14012 1.653008e+09
## 7374 2607 5.145732e+09
## 7426 5842 4.213161e+09
## 7478 6446 1.556118e+10
## 7530 3584 3.967842e+10
## 7582 16908 1.511063e+10
## 7634 24353 5.556320e+09
## 7686 760 5.006104e+08
## 7718 1842 3.160795e+08
## 7770 22598 7.110000e+08
## 7822 65863 5.360322e+08
## 7874 14416 1.235691e+10
## 7906 11960 6.753308e+10
## 7958 795 2.663296e+09
## 8010 17835 1.224815e+07
## 8062 17312 2.603704e+06
## 8114 9655 3.317859e+07
## 8166 8395 5.746303e+07
## 8218 45440 2.324690e+05
## 8270 2512 6.913498e+07
## 8322 23642 1.926709e+10
## 8374 1602 4.233226e+09
## 8406 8377 4.118418e+09
## 8458 11500 3.711469e+07
## 8510 499 2.441134e+09
## 8562 58770 1.333102e+08
## 8594 21124 2.031898e+09
## 8646 3564 4.598823e+10
## 8678 28724 1.043199e+09
## 8730 444 4.033256e+09
## 8782 6920 1.033967e+10
## 8834 1471 2.134432e+09
## 8907 30216 3.727524e+10
## 8921 386 1.712899e+08
## 8935 745 7.074808e+09
## 9028 4588 2.962232e+08
## 9080 3586 4.014758e+08
## 9132 62469 8.200134e+09
## 9184 90045 5.069009e+09
## 9236 997 4.061155e+09
## 9268 1047 2.111921e+09
## 9320 6818 4.325033e+10
## 9372 946 1.551644e+09
## 9424 4699 7.703126e+07
## 9476 15316 2.356445e+08
## 9528 43217 3.556984e+09
## 9580 3679 4.733426e+09
## 9632 9519 4.539971e+10
## 9664 8070 5.732307e+09
## 9716 22878 4.067945e+06
## 9768 7156 5.258318e+06
## 9820 915 1.000077e+10
## 9852 4697 2.127520e+10
## 9884 6285 1.057730e+09
## 9957 3778 4.871060e+10
## 10009 46338 2.113154e+10
## 10061 1117 1.838011e+10
## 10093 1190 5.630256e+08
## 10145 70081 2.070000e+11
## 10197 865 3.446317e+09
## 10249 16498 3.909858e+09
## 10281 2023 1.729762e+10
## 10333 3528 5.702518e+09
## 10385 3825 7.962047e+07
## 10439 301 1.911151e+09
## 10512 1062 6.285287e+08
## Changes.in.inventories Construction..ISIC.F.
## 52 NA 3.001111e+08
## 104 NA 1.741169e+09
## 156 5017619109 1.817952e+10
## 208 35735687 2.581331e+08
## 260 1232228649 4.407157e+09
## 312 NA 1.926963e+08
## 344 397470588 3.218176e+09
## 396 1671019110 1.786532e+10
## 448 5494190740 1.190000e+11
## 500 1753045860 3.114135e+10
## 552 129742000 7.624410e+08
## 604 2103395391 3.203176e+09
## 656 NA 3.755004e+10
## 688 321709122 9.028384e+08
## 740 9500000 2.819000e+08
## 792 10630824729 2.873929e+10
## 844 NA 2.823808e+08
## 896 835722 2.790751e+08
## 948 82960464 1.142974e+09
## 980 1094577445 1.020275e+09
## 1032 182037790 2.049821e+09
## 1084 -4010825455 5.513979e+10
## 1136 40723802 1.505865e+08
## 1188 -33081500 8.168197e+07
## 1240 -30595341 5.333852e+07
## 1292 26356911 3.421506e+08
## 1344 3972849995 2.765491e+09
## 1396 435987944 3.339202e+09
## 1448 24683459 1.338410e+08
## 1480 1464011738 3.480829e+09
## 1532 266694909 4.158145e+09
## 1584 NA 2.608852e+09
## 1636 -2449203741 1.410000e+11
## 1688 NA 2.557768e+08
## 1740 12184579 2.429091e+08
## 1792 NA 4.071572e+07
## 1844 1164834700 5.823600e+09
## 1896 883566821 2.951147e+08
## 1948 4305865266 1.938256e+10
## 2000 171000000000 1.240000e+12
## 2052 4181332683 1.485002e+10
## 2104 -11839363 1.129921e+07
## 2156 99674311 1.378027e+08
## 2208 199401177 5.580234e+08
## 2260 NA 1.036192e+07
## 2312 1208578435 2.655401e+09
## 2344 739235616 3.426386e+09
## 2396 NA 1.165402e+10
## 2448 -392433235 1.548444e+09
## 2501 11361984793 1.432492e+10
## 2553 71311878 1.016672e+09
## 2605 867515174 1.925176e+10
## 2657 NA 3.263988e+07
## 2709 337979740 1.346995e+10
## 2761 1223996000 9.320219e+09
## 2813 347329652 1.516256e+09
## 2865 6531649 4.339544e+08
## 2921 4389464464 1.571410e+10
## 2953 NA 3.620175e+08
## 2985 551660832 2.183102e+09
## 3037 31300709 9.252162e+07
## 3089 850390283 1.991853e+10
## 3141 23320090694 1.480000e+11
## 3193 NA 1.832511e+08
## 3245 573690929 1.318104e+08
## 3297 NA 6.077211e+08
## 3329 278730194 1.310176e+09
## 3381 NA 2.569532e+08
## 3433 285500000 9.696233e+08
## 3485 59140563725 2.130000e+11
## 3537 1348688277 5.047827e+09
## 3589 -122957 1.083442e+07
## 3641 10454199022 3.459629e+09
## 3693 NA 3.679953e+08
## 3745 NA 8.718533e+07
## 3797 1014603485 4.637037e+09
## 3849 -313701670 3.316723e+08
## 3901 NA 4.994467e+08
## 3953 NA 7.869896e+08
## 4005 423322892 1.652158e+09
## 4057 675650468 1.361650e+10
## 4109 5774553632 9.415333e+09
## 4161 36659279 1.825391e+09
## 4213 29515077887 2.330000e+11
## 4265 7767811121 1.240000e+11
## 4317 82578940747 2.220599e+10
## 4369 NA 1.228181e+10
## 4421 7222585845 1.031090e+10
## 4473 8013534655 2.781071e+10
## 4525 -374219034 9.419498e+10
## 4577 -1731796901 2.564576e+09
## 4629 44354634 1.198152e+09
## 4681 -4100977385 2.760000e+11
## 4713 6341743219 1.123611e+10
## 4765 1512424752 1.219718e+09
## 4817 772977112 7.729289e+09
## 4869 NA 1.708546e+09
## 4921 9406341468 9.330062e+10
## 4953 288994316 7.993893e+08
## 5005 NA 3.496643e+09
## 5037 185195508 6.789549e+08
## 5089 NA 1.737899e+09
## 5141 255430757 3.779996e+08
## 5193 -13485528 4.995834e+07
## 5225 1401858328 1.918845e+09
## 5277 NA 3.782173e+07
## 5329 -560710236 1.287725e+09
## 5381 -135102596 2.684172e+08
## 5413 -1221907938 4.217976e+09
## 5465 840794711 4.500638e+09
## 5517 -62956468 1.213184e+09
## 5569 -190762120 1.014292e+09
## 5621 24509285 3.711652e+08
## 5673 11101061150 1.340430e+10
## 5725 NA 2.755981e+08
## 5777 221538633 8.202923e+08
## 5829 132230367 7.549431e+08
## 5881 844012834 3.882970e+08
## 5933 -7675309 5.377326e+08
## 5985 6812926404 8.956650e+10
## 6037 67772583 7.848665e+08
## 6089 1449229809 4.158597e+08
## 6121 612011188 1.078142e+09
## 6153 167712576 2.920186e+08
## 6205 NA 4.493067e+06
## 6257 5545651510 8.014032e+09
## 6309 3647281945 2.049120e+08
## 6361 -2831383678 6.918675e+09
## 6413 186119947 2.218605e+08
## 6465 -83799 4.626287e+06
## 6517 2147188107 1.844563e+09
## 6569 -1082207384 4.742789e+10
## 6629 299200138 1.104529e+08
## 6681 NA 1.525461e+08
## 6698 NA 2.819067e+07
## 6750 NA 9.782839e+08
## 6802 6116906 5.199994e+07
## 6854 1623284764 1.693701e+10
## 6906 -32724221 6.374316e+08
## 6958 -145890937 6.875670e+08
## 7010 3134255752 4.059420e+10
## 7062 10372060536 2.615856e+10
## 7114 6835778 7.536789e+06
## 7166 NA 1.293300e+07
## 7218 142086 1.810299e+07
## 7270 5480010616 8.497231e+09
## 7322 -1081661219 9.191714e+09
## 7374 107775601 1.516827e+09
## 7426 582912037 3.136801e+09
## 7478 -2062334329 1.715039e+10
## 7530 -4394276534 2.735676e+10
## 7582 30115875105 4.085277e+10
## 7634 624965894 1.057203e+10
## 7686 1222972 2.921394e+07
## 7718 50480790 2.346834e+08
## 7770 -911800000 9.804000e+08
## 7822 NA 2.413148e+10
## 7874 5019617426 1.861018e+10
## 7906 46260675710 1.210000e+11
## 7958 -38437231 7.667216e+08
## 8010 NA 1.401111e+08
## 8062 NA 2.383704e+07
## 8114 NA 7.264667e+07
## 8166 NA 5.319629e+07
## 8218 -16112892 7.379545e+07
## 8270 NA 2.932331e+07
## 8322 384349796 4.551341e+10
## 8374 1094067961 8.589077e+08
## 8406 1992114116 3.766797e+09
## 8458 NA 3.581450e+07
## 8510 16966676 3.260850e+07
## 8562 4661985634 1.084502e+10
## 8594 2933586273 6.256267e+09
## 8646 6552851457 2.185241e+10
## 8678 954681958 3.340390e+09
## 8730 NA 2.811449e+08
## 8782 -1233351903 9.540895e+09
## 8834 747662677 7.746792e+08
## 8907 12098250632 7.198749e+10
## 8921 NA 2.560635e+08
## 8935 35765693 1.219463e+09
## 9028 NA 2.297472e+08
## 9080 NA 1.293085e+08
## 9132 1626758173 3.789990e+10
## 9184 -20823814374 3.925435e+10
## 9236 1848859533 6.683976e+08
## 9268 525102107 7.082683e+08
## 9320 27969771600 1.373255e+10
## 9372 146766815 2.215056e+08
## 9424 -6011733 3.566538e+07
## 9476 NA 1.201246e+09
## 9528 15386506026 3.239677e+10
## 9580 -330832359 1.876458e+09
## 9632 NA 4.149174e+10
## 9664 NA 3.847642e+09
## 9716 NA 9.699057e+07
## 9768 NA 8.338189e+06
## 9820 319563579 2.292619e+09
## 9852 2699937282 5.564207e+09
## 9884 NA 6.626302e+08
## 9957 8207342908 3.075814e+10
## 10009 11400632173 1.660000e+11
## 10061 -2560215491 9.733270e+09
## 10093 -147525321 1.941888e+08
## 10145 -19091000000 9.450000e+11
## 10197 438548906 6.411853e+08
## 10249 -261429615 2.714508e+09
## 10281 3759693041 4.317096e+09
## 10333 NA 2.516934e+09
## 10385 12552032 3.705734e+07
## 10439 -36578973 4.919077e+08
## 10512 293485060 3.252117e+09
## Exports.of.goods.and.services Final.consumption.expenditure
## 52 1.803587e+09 1.711492e+10
## 104 5.590528e+09 1.586373e+10
## 156 4.370371e+10 1.010000e+11
## 208 1.161415e+09 2.582369e+09
## 260 3.109540e+10 3.610543e+10
## 312 7.240387e+08 9.943386e+08
## 344 2.548765e+10 3.601441e+10
## 396 8.786766e+10 3.740000e+11
## 448 4.480000e+11 1.230000e+12
## 500 2.690000e+11 3.440000e+11
## 552 3.081770e+09 9.506420e+09
## 604 3.523457e+10 1.840529e+10
## 656 4.424061e+10 3.100000e+11
## 688 4.854383e+09 1.214526e+10
## 740 1.471300e+09 4.514350e+09
## 792 5.160000e+11 4.330000e+11
## 844 3.598243e+09 4.390166e+09
## 896 6.860222e+08 1.714279e+09
## 948 1.124314e+10 3.496756e+10
## 980 9.968914e+09 2.076792e+10
## 1032 7.858679e+09 1.406143e+10
## 1084 3.230000e+11 1.290000e+12
## 1136 1.158165e+09 1.989813e+09
## 1188 4.140715e+08 1.453592e+09
## 1240 1.722197e+09 6.643150e+08
## 1292 1.122886e+10 6.577102e+09
## 1344 5.154933e+10 6.493235e+10
## 1396 1.538163e+10 4.045984e+10
## 1448 3.348145e+08 4.191048e+09
## 1480 4.918402e+10 4.636379e+10
## 1532 1.568790e+10 2.917986e+10
## 1584 7.883873e+09 3.860069e+10
## 1636 6.110000e+11 1.520000e+12
## 1688 4.766149e+08 1.699922e+09
## 1740 3.595414e+09 3.718843e+09
## 1792 3.331338e+08 2.572858e+09
## 1844 1.513195e+10 6.813386e+10
## 1896 4.350336e+09 1.161176e+10
## 1948 1.010000e+11 2.390000e+11
## 2000 3.530000e+12 9.630000e+12
## 2052 5.159917e+10 2.770000e+11
## 2104 8.776747e+07 1.462419e+09
## 2156 8.831287e+09 7.393277e+09
## 2208 2.165129e+10 4.084455e+10
## 2260 2.778784e+08 2.086643e+08
## 2312 2.322625e+10 5.059167e+10
## 2344 3.535880e+10 5.493375e+10
## 2396 6.962835e+09 1.220000e+11
## 2448 2.460620e+10 2.241151e+10
## 2501 2.050000e+11 1.880000e+11
## 2553 3.700040e+09 1.368432e+10
## 2605 2.380000e+11 2.780000e+11
## 2657 1.141722e+08 5.415297e+08
## 2709 2.050049e+10 7.339430e+10
## 2761 2.780310e+10 8.138741e+10
## 2813 8.490952e+09 2.962256e+10
## 2865 6.776314e+09 1.050429e+10
## 2921 7.537297e+09 8.045404e+10
## 2953 6.968854e+08 2.090794e+09
## 2985 2.911944e+10 2.527164e+10
## 3037 1.173264e+09 4.624005e+09
## 3089 1.170000e+11 2.240000e+11
## 3141 8.710000e+11 2.280000e+12
## 3193 1.019165e+09 5.864334e+09
## 3245 5.608227e+09 3.052318e+09
## 3297 9.862033e+09 8.870745e+09
## 3329 8.055098e+09 1.749921e+10
## 3381 1.355833e+08 1.994666e+09
## 3433 3.180200e+09 2.019780e+10
## 3485 2.000000e+12 3.040000e+12
## 3537 2.365178e+10 6.331538e+10
## 3589 1.075493e+07 3.550814e+08
## 3641 8.782756e+10 1.920000e+11
## 3693 1.329744e+09 2.597729e+09
## 3745 4.484785e+08 9.772182e+08
## 3797 1.529670e+10 8.367932e+10
## 3849 1.033456e+10 1.150812e+10
## 3901 6.633817e+09 6.460487e+09
## 3953 1.354909e+09 1.995195e+10
## 4005 1.095771e+10 2.833467e+10
## 4057 7.510000e+11 2.860000e+11
## 4109 1.480000e+11 1.260000e+11
## 4161 9.779499e+09 2.021108e+10
## 4213 6.850000e+11 2.260000e+12
## 4265 2.560000e+11 7.680000e+11
## 4317 1.320000e+11 3.430000e+11
## 4369 9.035608e+10 1.490000e+11
## 4421 6.780000e+11 1.810000e+11
## 4473 1.430000e+11 3.500000e+11
## 4525 6.890000e+11 1.640000e+12
## 4577 1.814571e+10 5.299837e+10
## 4629 4.410860e+09 1.483990e+10
## 4681 9.100000e+11 3.720000e+12
## 4713 6.612496e+10 1.220000e+11
## 4765 1.381730e+10 4.362451e+10
## 4817 1.166273e+10 9.670090e+10
## 4869 9.838980e+08 1.763297e+10
## 4921 7.610000e+11 1.160000e+12
## 4953 3.144506e+09 9.023275e+09
## 5005 7.186258e+10 8.430502e+10
## 5037 3.300229e+09 8.943695e+09
## 5089 6.429029e+09 1.246357e+10
## 5141 1.694867e+10 4.969139e+10
## 5193 1.091502e+09 2.919175e+09
## 5225 2.529521e+10 3.094474e+10
## 5277 8.299696e+08 2.083236e+09
## 5329 1.547191e+10 2.906501e+10
## 5381 4.621772e+09 4.074602e+09
## 5413 5.348324e+10 5.037155e+10
## 5465 1.810000e+11 4.078577e+10
## 5517 2.640599e+10 1.936199e+10
## 5569 3.042229e+09 1.382048e+10
## 5621 1.166173e+09 1.415372e+10
## 5673 2.570000e+11 2.630000e+11
## 5725 4.096964e+09 2.796925e+09
## 5777 5.662921e+09 1.711026e+10
## 5829 3.018673e+10 1.102148e+10
## 5881 3.943762e+09 6.430290e+09
## 5933 5.077289e+09 1.033713e+10
## 5985 5.230000e+11 9.810000e+11
## 6037 2.531461e+09 6.611775e+09
## 6089 9.031864e+09 1.009461e+10
## 6121 4.188839e+09 1.350316e+10
## 6153 2.500550e+09 5.463432e+09
## 6205 2.461735e+07 9.555265e+07
## 6257 4.704831e+10 1.110000e+11
## 6309 4.951390e+09 1.382442e+10
## 6361 4.632425e+10 5.860739e+10
## 6413 3.908420e+09 1.241516e+10
## 6465 7.329761e+06 2.392140e+08
## 6517 1.886115e+09 3.341631e+10
## 6569 8.400000e+11 6.920000e+11
## 6629 1.490340e+09 2.311550e+09
## 6681 2.154232e+09 2.485215e+09
## 6698 1.180650e+09 9.898215e+08
## 6750 1.996650e+09 9.016758e+09
## 6802 9.428880e+07 8.578787e+08
## 6854 5.631419e+10 1.990000e+11
## 6906 6.563591e+09 1.246263e+10
## 6958 1.533845e+09 1.333146e+10
## 7010 4.627447e+10 2.900000e+11
## 7062 2.000000e+11 3.010000e+11
## 7114 9.780000e+07 4.315086e+08
## 7166 1.034788e+08 2.838408e+08
## 7218 1.331589e+07 3.031876e+08
## 7270 3.102442e+10 3.230000e+11
## 7322 3.247930e+10 4.137905e+10
## 7374 1.219856e+10 2.178909e+10
## 7426 1.412230e+10 3.020109e+10
## 7478 6.493325e+10 1.670000e+11
## 7530 1.010000e+11 3.580000e+11
## 7582 3.930000e+11 5.100000e+11
## 7634 1.060000e+11 2.090000e+11
## 7686 2.809810e+08 1.657678e+09
## 7718 7.400041e+08 2.061249e+09
## 7770 7.385080e+10 7.857800e+10
## 7822 1.060000e+11 6.580919e+10
## 7874 1.160000e+11 2.270000e+11
## 7906 5.490000e+11 1.210000e+12
## 7958 2.110002e+09 9.901633e+09
## 8010 3.168241e+08 7.494441e+08
## 8062 2.298894e+08 3.028189e+08
## 8114 5.428858e+08 1.566753e+09
## 8166 1.385516e+08 8.749380e+08
## 8218 3.047387e+09 9.514405e+08
## 8270 8.704412e+07 5.357925e+08
## 8322 2.900000e+11 5.500000e+11
## 8374 6.398309e+09 2.296268e+10
## 8406 3.430938e+10 5.184591e+10
## 8458 1.434885e+09 1.219939e+09
## 8510 7.193165e+08 4.817258e+09
## 8562 7.340000e+11 1.690000e+11
## 8594 1.090000e+11 9.172831e+10
## 8646 3.420000e+11 2.380000e+11
## 8678 5.164029e+10 4.431471e+10
## 8730 1.532000e+09 1.139668e+10
## 8782 1.310000e+11 3.410000e+11
## 8834 6.128771e+09 2.170400e+10
## 8907 4.990000e+11 1.110000e+12
## 8921 1.490507e+09 3.128247e+09
## 8935 2.573536e+09 3.415019e+10
## 9028 1.766135e+09 1.967387e+09
## 9080 2.171065e+09 4.038214e+09
## 9132 2.890000e+11 4.440000e+11
## 9184 5.690000e+11 5.010000e+11
## 9236 6.363812e+09 1.415349e+10
## 9268 2.162311e+09 7.995587e+09
## 9320 2.950000e+11 3.550000e+11
## 9372 2.356279e+09 6.957831e+09
## 9424 5.909577e+07 6.594673e+08
## 9476 1.134708e+10 1.906630e+10
## 9528 4.250000e+11 2.260000e+11
## 9580 1.966729e+10 4.427682e+10
## 9632 2.890000e+11 5.600000e+11
## 9664 4.005798e+10 1.079620e+10
## 9716 7.340531e+08 5.844472e+08
## 9768 8.163790e+06 9.244279e+07
## 9820 5.665596e+09 3.471834e+10
## 9852 8.153223e+10 1.750000e+11
## 9884 9.152028e+09 1.140035e+10
## 9957 4.498059e+10 3.980000e+11
## 10009 8.750000e+11 2.590000e+12
## 10061 1.008198e+10 4.688052e+10
## 10093 2.983664e+08 1.387384e+09
## 10145 2.540000e+12 1.930000e+13
## 10197 5.424484e+09 1.522583e+10
## 10249 1.867443e+10 4.476115e+10
## 10281 1.643673e+10 5.249902e+10
## 10333 2.955420e+10 1.080000e+11
## 10385 9.780738e+07 8.763317e+08
## 10439 1.183138e+09 1.142715e+10
## 10512 1.150134e+10 1.144464e+10
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure Gross.capital.formation
## 52 3.250843e+09 1.921133e+09
## 104 2.146542e+09 4.403534e+09
## 156 2.847908e+10 6.200169e+10
## 208 7.125126e+08 6.929010e+08
## 260 5.612239e+09 1.480000e+10
## 312 2.324763e+08 5.421333e+08
## 344 7.338176e+09 9.457059e+09
## 396 7.719328e+10 8.513918e+10
## 448 3.820000e+11 4.030000e+11
## 500 1.040000e+11 1.330000e+11
## 552 1.826100e+09 2.889560e+09
## 604 5.242439e+09 1.280620e+10
## 656 2.440794e+10 1.290000e+11
## 688 2.189148e+09 2.853008e+09
## 740 6.260000e+08 8.846000e+08
## 792 1.430000e+11 1.550000e+11
## 844 8.622925e+08 9.793043e+08
## 896 4.603910e+08 7.810350e+08
## 948 7.813324e+09 6.802623e+09
## 980 4.557137e+09 6.155240e+09
## 1032 5.855487e+09 5.099178e+09
## 1084 3.070000e+11 3.040000e+11
## 1136 4.038438e+08 5.268543e+08
## 1188 4.424767e+08 3.231894e+08
## 1240 1.288600e+08 3.371081e+08
## 1292 3.144174e+09 4.380191e+09
## 1344 1.592429e+10 1.771450e+10
## 1396 9.458208e+09 1.601882e+10
## 1448 8.950777e+08 4.978014e+08
## 1480 1.130087e+10 1.688186e+10
## 1532 1.962664e+09 6.800720e+09
## 1584 5.530033e+09 8.139976e+09
## 1636 4.310000e+11 4.720000e+11
## 1688 4.737785e+08 8.828095e+08
## 1740 5.916293e+08 9.974607e+08
## 1792 3.644023e+08 3.958838e+08
## 1844 8.172352e+09 2.362875e+10
## 1896 1.348351e+09 4.123597e+09
## 1948 4.553603e+10 8.029051e+10
## 2000 2.820000e+12 7.600000e+12
## 2052 5.132628e+10 6.228966e+10
## 2104 1.293480e+08 1.540286e+08
## 2156 1.453883e+09 1.862411e+09
## 2208 4.303315e+09 1.153855e+10
## 2260 1.018167e+08 3.478734e+07
## 2312 1.044434e+10 1.262562e+10
## 2344 1.532716e+10 1.503534e+10
## 2396 6.669965e+10 1.000455e+10
## 2448 5.566094e+09 5.166564e+09
## 2501 6.056651e+10 8.505378e+10
## 2553 1.782199e+09 5.102989e+09
## 2605 9.676971e+10 9.148605e+10
## 2657 1.246771e+08 1.558407e+08
## 2709 1.080511e+10 2.954729e+10
## 2761 1.622235e+10 2.372665e+10
## 2813 5.647169e+09 6.377385e+09
## 2865 3.098672e+09 4.772342e+08
## 2921 8.770458e+09 2.781797e+10
## 2953 5.140995e+08 1.046693e+08
## 2985 7.365858e+09 1.128719e+10
## 3037 1.079469e+09 8.439971e+08
## 3089 7.256467e+10 7.124355e+10
## 3141 7.170000e+11 7.400000e+11
## 3193 1.908838e+09 1.256985e+09
## 3245 7.838904e+08 1.576878e+09
## 3297 2.125221e+09 3.445797e+09
## 3329 2.611279e+09 4.102999e+09
## 3381 1.999335e+08 6.632493e+08
## 3433 4.354600e+09 4.647900e+09
## 3485 9.430000e+11 9.920000e+11
## 3537 7.868374e+09 1.467193e+10
## 3589 1.603177e+08 4.776551e+07
## 3641 4.647949e+10 3.899200e+10
## 3693 1.436177e+09 9.306494e+08
## 3745 1.482846e+08 3.427776e+08
## 3797 9.722794e+09 1.458706e+10
## 3849 2.081422e+09 2.509362e+09
## 3901 1.396731e+09 1.645162e+09
## 3953 1.418579e+09 3.437023e+09
## 4005 4.165055e+09 6.835798e+09
## 4057 4.626443e+10 6.501811e+10
## 4109 3.798113e+10 5.545658e+10
## 4161 7.028091e+09 5.848535e+09
## 4213 3.560000e+11 9.980000e+11
## 4265 1.080000e+11 3.730000e+11
## 4317 8.414692e+10 2.380000e+11
## 4369 4.270134e+10 1.440543e+10
## 4421 6.178981e+10 1.250000e+11
## 4473 1.070000e+11 1.100000e+11
## 4525 4.170000e+11 4.220000e+11
## 4577 7.270614e+09 1.630754e+10
## 4629 2.228458e+09 3.295864e+09
## 4681 1.060000e+12 1.250000e+12
## 4713 2.252310e+10 5.160008e+10
## 4765 8.392474e+09 1.103396e+10
## 4817 1.337484e+10 2.239997e+10
## 4869 NA NA
## 4921 3.290000e+11 5.810000e+11
## 4953 1.211557e+09 3.383761e+09
## 5005 3.132403e+10 3.168355e+10
## 5037 1.516024e+09 2.436311e+09
## 5089 2.632939e+09 7.162736e+09
## 5141 1.535431e+09 3.339739e+09
## 5193 9.856899e+08 6.193973e+08
## 5225 8.212416e+09 1.027377e+10
## 5277 6.740619e+08 7.773787e+08
## 5329 1.477622e+10 5.672936e+09
## 5381 7.699088e+08 1.556314e+09
## 5413 1.164486e+10 1.307082e+10
## 5465 1.492559e+10 1.501011e+10
## 5517 6.598562e+09 6.828403e+09
## 5569 3.089661e+09 2.562806e+09
## 5621 1.404357e+09 1.124790e+09
## 5673 4.767338e+10 8.300418e+10
## 5725 7.430344e+08 2.175460e+09
## 5777 3.088326e+09 4.081683e+09
## 5829 3.558274e+09 3.787134e+09
## 5881 1.462988e+09 5.713954e+09
## 5933 1.941805e+09 2.242629e+09
## 5985 1.500000e+11 2.640000e+11
## 6037 2.084527e+09 2.151334e+09
## 6089 2.201254e+09 5.454544e+09
## 6121 2.276330e+09 3.921538e+09
## 6153 1.171859e+09 1.488124e+09
## 6205 4.089479e+07 1.640632e+07
## 6257 2.653239e+10 4.436755e+10
## 6309 3.000838e+09 7.860583e+09
## 6361 1.952597e+10 1.976282e+10
## 6413 3.177372e+09 1.948249e+09
## 6465 1.092607e+08 3.255343e+07
## 6517 3.041120e+09 1.295573e+10
## 6569 2.660000e+11 2.170000e+11
## 6629 4.426970e+08 9.472242e+08
## 6681 6.753504e+08 6.201252e+08
## 6698 2.097038e+08 1.818812e+08
## 6750 2.456264e+09 2.987160e+09
## 6802 2.113862e+08 4.186272e+08
## 6854 5.426227e+10 6.131560e+10
## 6906 1.994432e+09 3.309518e+09
## 6958 2.586042e+09 4.110637e+09
## 7010 2.203610e+10 1.460000e+11
## 7062 1.130000e+11 1.220000e+11
## 7114 1.768758e+08 1.144993e+08
## 7166 1.225597e+08 6.608022e+07
## 7218 9.801859e+07 7.376599e+07
## 7270 3.746116e+10 5.015887e+10
## 7322 9.866117e+09 1.622814e+10
## 7374 6.093386e+09 2.111131e+09
## 7426 4.913178e+09 9.384900e+09
## 7478 3.126177e+10 5.053892e+10
## 7530 6.133641e+10 8.348230e+10
## 7582 1.280000e+11 1.460000e+11
## 7634 4.772793e+10 5.235383e+10
## 7686 2.364633e+08 1.159359e+08
## 7718 9.569618e+08 7.344460e+08
## 7770 7.539000e+09 1.242170e+10
## 7822 2.992348e+10 6.923330e+10
## 7874 4.954311e+10 7.360239e+10
## 7906 3.130000e+11 3.990000e+11
## 7958 1.877355e+09 2.910103e+09
## 8010 1.645892e+08 2.668005e+08
## 8062 5.032702e+07 8.147181e+07
## 8114 2.320168e+08 4.274931e+08
## 8166 1.828766e+08 2.828022e+08
## 8218 3.410488e+08 3.165943e+08
## 8270 8.265661e+07 1.451329e+08
## 8322 2.040000e+11 1.970000e+11
## 8374 3.917778e+09 1.046505e+10
## 8406 1.058934e+10 1.617247e+10
## 8458 3.797164e+08 2.311985e+08
## 8510 3.112440e+08 4.745064e+08
## 8562 4.585103e+10 9.667258e+10
## 8594 2.504713e+10 2.506074e+10
## 8646 3.519101e+10 1.230000e+11
## 8678 1.274778e+10 1.351925e+10
## 8730 6.768663e+08 1.243594e+09
## 8782 8.232470e+10 5.362365e+10
## 8834 3.597440e+09 3.738189e+09
## 8907 3.060000e+11 2.970000e+11
## 8921 2.937709e+08 7.018756e+08
## 8935 2.773094e+09 4.928296e+09
## 9028 3.612285e+08 1.196704e+09
## 9080 1.038266e+09 6.959188e+08
## 9132 1.650000e+11 1.650000e+11
## 9184 9.471203e+10 1.910000e+11
## 9236 2.378306e+09 5.623660e+09
## 9268 1.027193e+09 2.978645e+09
## 9320 9.195758e+10 1.470000e+11
## 9372 1.029320e+09 1.935956e+09
## 9424 1.448889e+08 1.036388e+08
## 9476 3.736305e+09 2.657712e+09
## 9528 6.109376e+10 1.010000e+11
## 9580 9.794212e+09 7.126333e+09
## 9632 1.070000e+11 2.300000e+11
## 9664 4.864475e+09 2.673221e+10
## 9716 2.040182e+08 1.546215e+08
## 9768 5.588699e+07 1.653696e+07
## 9820 4.204397e+09 1.031432e+10
## 9852 3.611343e+10 2.764655e+10
## 9884 2.259175e+09 4.694320e+09
## 9957 3.219017e+10 6.461685e+10
## 10009 7.010000e+11 5.670000e+11
## 10061 5.163476e+09 2.834161e+10
## 10093 1.528081e+08 8.387429e+08
## 10145 3.350000e+12 4.920000e+12
## 10197 3.320075e+09 4.205285e+09
## 10249 9.907204e+09 1.090352e+10
## 10281 1.156182e+10 2.809799e+10
## 10333 9.424966e+09 1.230079e+10
## 10385 1.608315e+08 2.850198e+08
## 10439 1.172173e+09 1.575781e+09
## 10512 3.021303e+09 6.102614e+09
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## 52 1.921133e+09
## 104 4.403534e+09
## 156 5.698407e+10
## 208 6.571653e+08
## 260 1.356777e+10
## 312 5.421333e+08
## 344 9.059588e+09
## 396 8.346816e+10
## 448 3.980000e+11
## 500 1.320000e+11
## 552 2.759818e+09
## 604 1.070280e+10
## 656 1.290000e+11
## 688 2.531299e+09
## 740 8.751000e+08
## 792 1.440000e+11
## 844 9.793043e+08
## 896 7.801993e+08
## 948 6.719662e+09
## 980 5.060663e+09
## 1032 4.917140e+09
## 1084 3.080000e+11
## 1136 4.861305e+08
## 1188 3.562709e+08
## 1240 3.677035e+08
## 1292 4.353834e+09
## 1344 1.374165e+10
## 1396 1.558284e+10
## 1448 4.731180e+08
## 1480 1.541785e+10
## 1532 6.534025e+09
## 1584 8.231324e+09
## 1636 4.740000e+11
## 1688 8.828095e+08
## 1740 9.852761e+08
## 1792 3.958838e+08
## 1844 2.246392e+10
## 1896 3.240030e+09
## 1948 7.598464e+10
## 2000 7.430000e+12
## 2052 5.810833e+10
## 2104 1.658679e+08
## 2156 1.762737e+09
## 2208 1.133915e+10
## 2260 3.478734e+07
## 2312 1.141704e+10
## 2344 1.429610e+10
## 2396 1.000455e+10
## 2448 5.558998e+09
## 2501 7.369179e+10
## 2553 5.031677e+09
## 2605 9.061853e+10
## 2657 1.558407e+08
## 2709 2.920931e+10
## 2761 2.250266e+10
## 2813 6.030055e+09
## 2865 4.707025e+08
## 2921 2.342850e+10
## 2953 1.046693e+08
## 2985 1.073553e+10
## 3037 8.126964e+08
## 3089 7.039316e+10
## 3141 7.170000e+11
## 3193 1.256985e+09
## 3245 1.003187e+09
## 3297 3.445797e+09
## 3329 3.824269e+09
## 3381 6.632493e+08
## 3433 4.362400e+09
## 3485 9.330000e+11
## 3537 1.332324e+10
## 3589 4.788846e+07
## 3641 2.853780e+10
## 3693 9.306494e+08
## 3745 3.427776e+08
## 3797 1.357246e+10
## 3849 2.823063e+09
## 3901 1.645162e+09
## 3953 3.437023e+09
## 4005 6.412475e+09
## 4057 6.434246e+10
## 4109 4.968203e+10
## 4161 5.811875e+09
## 4213 9.690000e+11
## 4265 3.650000e+11
## 4317 1.550000e+11
## 4369 1.440543e+10
## 4421 1.170000e+11
## 4473 1.020000e+11
## 4525 4.230000e+11
## 4577 1.803933e+10
## 4629 3.251509e+09
## 4681 1.250000e+12
## 4713 4.525833e+10
## 4765 9.521539e+09
## 4817 2.162699e+10
## 4869 NA
## 4921 5.720000e+11
## 4953 3.094767e+09
## 5005 3.168355e+10
## 5037 2.251116e+09
## 5089 7.162736e+09
## 5141 3.084309e+09
## 5193 6.328828e+08
## 5225 8.871911e+09
## 5277 7.773787e+08
## 5329 6.233646e+09
## 5381 1.691417e+09
## 5413 1.429273e+10
## 5465 1.416931e+10
## 5517 6.891360e+09
## 5569 2.753568e+09
## 5621 1.100281e+09
## 5673 7.190311e+10
## 5725 2.175460e+09
## 5777 3.860144e+09
## 5829 3.654904e+09
## 5881 4.869941e+09
## 5933 2.250305e+09
## 5985 2.570000e+11
## 6037 2.083561e+09
## 6089 4.005314e+09
## 6121 3.309527e+09
## 6153 1.320411e+09
## 6205 1.640632e+07
## 6257 3.882190e+10
## 6309 4.213301e+09
## 6361 2.259421e+10
## 6413 1.762129e+09
## 6465 3.263723e+07
## 6517 1.080854e+10
## 6569 2.180000e+11
## 6629 6.480240e+08
## 6681 6.201252e+08
## 6698 1.818812e+08
## 6750 2.987160e+09
## 6802 4.125103e+08
## 6854 5.969232e+10
## 6906 3.342242e+09
## 6958 4.256528e+09
## 7010 1.430000e+11
## 7062 1.120000e+11
## 7114 1.076635e+08
## 7166 6.608022e+07
## 7218 7.362390e+07
## 7270 4.467886e+10
## 7322 1.730980e+10
## 7374 2.003356e+09
## 7426 8.801988e+09
## 7478 5.260125e+10
## 7530 8.787658e+10
## 7582 1.160000e+11
## 7634 5.172886e+10
## 7686 1.147130e+08
## 7718 6.839652e+08
## 7770 1.333350e+10
## 7822 6.923330e+10
## 7874 6.858277e+10
## 7906 3.530000e+11
## 7958 2.948540e+09
## 8010 2.668005e+08
## 8062 8.147181e+07
## 8114 4.274931e+08
## 8166 2.828022e+08
## 8218 3.327072e+08
## 8270 1.451329e+08
## 8322 1.970000e+11
## 8374 9.370984e+09
## 8406 1.418035e+10
## 8458 2.311985e+08
## 8510 4.575397e+08
## 8562 9.201059e+10
## 8594 2.212715e+10
## 8646 1.160000e+11
## 8678 1.256457e+10
## 8730 1.243594e+09
## 8782 5.485700e+10
## 8834 2.990527e+09
## 8907 2.850000e+11
## 8921 7.018756e+08
## 8935 4.892530e+09
## 9028 1.196704e+09
## 9080 6.959188e+08
## 9132 1.630000e+11
## 9184 2.120000e+11
## 9236 3.774801e+09
## 9268 2.453543e+09
## 9320 1.190000e+11
## 9372 1.789189e+09
## 9424 1.096506e+08
## 9476 2.657712e+09
## 9528 8.610110e+10
## 9580 7.457165e+09
## 9632 2.300000e+11
## 9664 2.673221e+10
## 9716 1.546215e+08
## 9768 1.653696e+07
## 9820 9.994758e+09
## 9852 2.494661e+10
## 9884 4.694320e+09
## 9957 5.640950e+10
## 10009 5.550000e+11
## 10061 3.090183e+10
## 10093 8.893413e+08
## 10145 4.940000e+12
## 10197 3.766737e+09
## 10249 1.116495e+10
## 10281 2.433830e+10
## 10333 2.156303e+10
## 10385 2.724678e+08
## 10439 1.612360e+09
## 10512 5.809129e+09
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## 52 1.386407e+10
## 104 1.371718e+10
## 156 7.254484e+10
## 208 1.869856e+09
## 260 3.049319e+10
## 312 7.618623e+08
## 344 2.867624e+10
## 396 2.970000e+11
## 448 8.460000e+11
## 500 2.400000e+11
## 552 7.680320e+09
## 604 1.316285e+10
## 656 2.850000e+11
## 688 9.956109e+09
## 740 3.888350e+09
## 792 2.910000e+11
## 844 3.527874e+09
## 896 1.253888e+09
## 948 2.715423e+10
## 980 1.621079e+10
## 1032 8.205942e+09
## 1084 9.810000e+11
## 1136 1.585969e+09
## 1188 1.011115e+09
## 1240 5.354550e+08
## 1292 3.432929e+09
## 1344 4.900806e+10
## 1396 3.100163e+10
## 1448 3.295970e+09
## 1480 3.506292e+10
## 1532 2.721720e+10
## 1584 3.307065e+10
## 1636 1.080000e+12
## 1688 1.226144e+09
## 1740 3.127214e+09
## 1792 2.208456e+09
## 1844 5.996151e+10
## 1896 1.026341e+10
## 1948 1.930000e+11
## 2000 6.800000e+12
## 2052 2.260000e+11
## 2104 1.333071e+09
## 2156 5.404321e+09
## 2208 3.654123e+10
## 2260 1.068476e+08
## 2312 4.014732e+10
## 2344 3.960659e+10
## 2396 5.568182e+10
## 2448 1.684542e+10
## 2501 1.280000e+11
## 2553 1.190212e+10
## 2605 1.820000e+11
## 2657 4.168526e+08
## 2709 6.258919e+10
## 2761 6.516506e+10
## 2813 2.397539e+10
## 2865 7.405616e+09
## 2921 7.168358e+10
## 2953 1.576694e+09
## 2985 1.790578e+10
## 3037 3.544537e+09
## 3089 1.520000e+11
## 3141 1.560000e+12
## 3193 3.955496e+09
## 3245 2.268428e+09
## 3297 6.745524e+09
## 3329 1.488793e+10
## 3381 1.794733e+09
## 3433 1.584320e+10
## 3485 2.100000e+12
## 3537 5.544700e+10
## 3589 1.947637e+08
## 3641 1.460000e+11
## 3693 1.161552e+09
## 3745 8.289337e+08
## 3797 7.395652e+10
## 3849 9.426698e+09
## 3901 5.063756e+09
## 3953 1.853337e+10
## 4005 2.416961e+10
## 4057 2.400000e+11
## 4109 8.786043e+10
## 4161 1.318299e+10
## 4213 1.910000e+12
## 4265 6.600000e+11
## 4317 2.590000e+11
## 4369 1.060000e+11
## 4421 1.190000e+11
## 4473 2.430000e+11
## 4525 1.220000e+12
## 4577 4.572776e+10
## 4629 1.261144e+10
## 4681 2.660000e+12
## 4713 9.944429e+10
## 4765 3.523204e+10
## 4817 8.332607e+10
## 4869 NA
## 4921 8.360000e+11
## 4953 7.811718e+09
## 5005 5.298099e+10
## 5037 7.427671e+09
## 5089 9.830633e+09
## 5141 4.815596e+10
## 5193 1.933485e+09
## 5225 2.273233e+10
## 5277 1.409174e+09
## 5329 1.428880e+10
## 5381 3.304693e+09
## 5413 3.872670e+10
## 5465 2.586018e+10
## 5517 1.276342e+10
## 5569 1.073082e+10
## 5621 1.274936e+10
## 5673 2.160000e+11
## 5725 2.053891e+09
## 5777 1.402194e+10
## 5829 7.463210e+09
## 5881 4.967301e+09
## 5933 8.395325e+09
## 5985 8.310000e+11
## 6037 4.527248e+09
## 6089 7.893353e+09
## 6121 1.122683e+10
## 6153 4.291573e+09
## 6205 5.465786e+07
## 6257 8.495092e+10
## 6309 1.082358e+10
## 6361 3.908142e+10
## 6413 9.237784e+09
## 6465 1.299534e+08
## 6517 3.037519e+10
## 6569 4.250000e+11
## 6629 1.868853e+09
## 6681 1.809864e+09
## 6698 7.801177e+08
## 6750 6.560494e+09
## 6802 6.464925e+08
## 6854 1.450000e+11
## 6906 1.046819e+10
## 6958 1.074541e+10
## 7010 2.680000e+11
## 7062 1.880000e+11
## 7114 2.546328e+08
## 7166 1.612810e+08
## 7218 2.051690e+08
## 7270 2.850000e+11
## 7322 3.151294e+10
## 7374 1.569570e+10
## 7426 2.528791e+10
## 7478 1.350000e+11
## 7530 2.970000e+11
## 7582 3.830000e+11
## 7634 1.610000e+11
## 7686 1.421215e+09
## 7718 1.104287e+09
## 7770 7.103900e+10
## 7822 3.588571e+10
## 7874 1.770000e+11
## 7906 8.940000e+11
## 7958 8.024278e+09
## 8010 5.848549e+08
## 8062 2.524919e+08
## 8114 1.334736e+09
## 8166 6.846748e+08
## 8218 6.103917e+08
## 8270 4.531359e+08
## 8322 3.460000e+11
## 8374 1.904490e+10
## 8406 4.125657e+10
## 8458 8.402223e+08
## 8510 4.506014e+09
## 8562 1.230000e+11
## 8594 6.668118e+10
## 8646 2.030000e+11
## 8678 3.156693e+10
## 8730 1.071982e+10
## 8782 2.580000e+11
## 8834 1.810656e+10
## 8907 8.030000e+11
## 8921 2.834476e+09
## 8935 3.137709e+10
## 9028 1.606159e+09
## 9080 2.999947e+09
## 9132 2.790000e+11
## 9184 4.070000e+11
## 9236 1.177518e+10
## 9268 6.968394e+09
## 9320 2.630000e+11
## 9372 5.928511e+09
## 9424 5.145784e+08
## 9476 1.533000e+10
## 9528 1.650000e+11
## 9580 3.448261e+10
## 9632 4.530000e+11
## 9664 5.931728e+09
## 9716 3.804290e+08
## 9768 3.655580e+07
## 9820 3.051395e+10
## 9852 1.390000e+11
## 9884 9.141172e+09
## 9957 3.660000e+11
## 10009 1.890000e+12
## 10061 4.171705e+10
## 10093 1.234576e+09
## 10145 1.590000e+13
## 10197 1.190575e+10
## 10249 3.485394e+10
## 10281 4.093720e+10
## 10333 9.819569e+10
## 10385 7.155002e+08
## 10439 1.025498e+10
## 10512 8.423339e+09
## Imports.of.goods.and.services Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## 52 5.900629e+09 1.353586e+09
## 104 8.016544e+09 1.137449e+09
## 156 4.325651e+10 7.028517e+09
## 208 1.112038e+09 1.351044e+08
## 260 1.146759e+10 4.613059e+09
## 312 8.393106e+08 3.499259e+07
## 344 1.633694e+10 3.727706e+09
## 396 7.281733e+10 6.384056e+10
## 448 3.460000e+11 9.403600e+10
## 500 2.660000e+11 7.948104e+10
## 552 4.722510e+09 1.889890e+08
## 604 2.757739e+10 6.914738e+09
## 656 7.078822e+10 8.810829e+10
## 688 5.991230e+09 1.580782e+09
## 740 1.960350e+09 2.449500e+08
## 792 5.100000e+11 7.319341e+10
## 844 1.738948e+09 3.229746e+07
## 896 1.162281e+09 1.625945e+08
## 948 1.260511e+10 4.334303e+09
## 980 1.275006e+10 3.374280e+09
## 1032 8.783740e+09 9.801948e+08
## 1084 3.070000e+11 1.680000e+11
## 1136 1.248327e+09 1.689550e+08
## 1188 5.519512e+08 1.643453e+08
## 1240 1.185020e+09 3.126827e+07
## 1292 9.377938e+09 2.593217e+09
## 1344 5.013856e+10 9.644541e+09
## 1396 1.271092e+10 1.330294e+10
## 1448 1.174110e+09 4.842593e+08
## 1480 4.544435e+10 1.559248e+10
## 1532 2.288696e+10 4.802399e+09
## 1584 9.256887e+09 6.026341e+09
## 1636 6.090000e+11 1.960000e+11
## 1688 1.123172e+09 1.666591e+08
## 1740 2.618831e+09 5.215846e+07
## 1792 7.841574e+08 4.634508e+08
## 1844 2.158580e+10 1.534300e+10
## 1896 3.401747e+09 1.086371e+09
## 1948 1.030000e+11 2.744658e+10
## 2000 3.060000e+12 4.870000e+12
## 2052 7.686316e+10 3.621136e+10
## 2104 3.645473e+08 8.629228e+07
## 2156 5.173754e+09 1.163851e+09
## 2208 2.123491e+10 9.406859e+09
## 2260 1.956679e+08 1.279966e+07
## 2312 2.216110e+10 8.923515e+09
## 2344 3.637279e+10 7.862146e+09
## 2396 6.121202e+09 1.098250e+10
## 2448 2.377627e+10 1.618698e+09
## 2501 1.970000e+11 5.939967e+10
## 2553 4.799723e+09 1.676746e+09
## 2605 2.090000e+11 4.762154e+10
## 2657 2.766215e+08 1.217407e+07
## 2709 2.919865e+10 1.428720e+10
## 2761 2.675130e+10 1.782988e+10
## 2813 1.575395e+10 4.361626e+09
## 2865 5.326980e+09 3.208198e+09
## 2921 1.654079e+10 4.571616e+09
## 2953 6.369590e+08 1.387902e+08
## 2985 2.925509e+10 4.730252e+09
## 3037 2.345031e+09 4.986042e+08
## 3089 1.170000e+11 4.363720e+10
## 3141 9.290000e+11 2.630000e+11
## 3193 2.105703e+09 2.974198e+08
## 3245 6.556946e+09 9.473956e+07
## 3297 3.657688e+09 1.410562e+09
## 3329 1.096089e+10 1.902383e+09
## 3381 7.269669e+08 3.813269e+07
## 3433 1.024490e+10 2.033893e+09
## 3485 1.780000e+12 8.030000e+11
## 3537 2.255630e+10 8.461977e+09
## 3589 2.017652e+08 1.136152e+07
## 3641 1.040000e+11 1.858263e+10
## 3693 1.585610e+09 1.323731e+08
## 3745 6.703078e+08 3.587726e+07
## 3797 2.757720e+10 1.203731e+10
## 3849 8.387189e+09 1.495875e+09
## 3901 6.149475e+09 2.521029e+08
## 3953 5.700136e+09 3.676032e+09
## 4005 1.763946e+10 4.663664e+09
## 4057 7.340000e+11 3.492804e+09
## 4109 1.480000e+11 3.082686e+10
## 4161 1.023670e+10 2.347148e+09
## 4213 7.650000e+11 4.470000e+11
## 4265 2.240000e+11 2.280000e+11
## 4317 1.310000e+11 1.020000e+11
## 4369 5.912032e+10 4.006565e+09
## 4421 4.790000e+11 1.750000e+11
## 4473 1.220000e+11 5.313041e+10
## 4525 6.390000e+11 3.140000e+11
## 4577 1.767765e+10 8.146464e+09
## 4629 7.272036e+09 1.201537e+09
## 4681 9.360000e+11 9.950000e+11
## 4713 4.730113e+10 2.680852e+10
## 4765 2.318307e+10 7.809859e+09
## 4817 2.217980e+10 7.993778e+09
## 4869 1.866413e+09 3.065333e+09
## 4921 6.960000e+11 4.610000e+11
## 4953 6.139442e+09 1.213364e+09
## 5005 5.120922e+10 9.670440e+09
## 5037 5.939554e+09 1.130911e+09
## 5089 6.980929e+09 1.598385e+09
## 5141 3.520682e+10 2.253175e+09
## 5193 2.256658e+09 3.938406e+08
## 5225 2.666022e+10 4.769524e+09
## 5277 1.288916e+09 9.727186e+07
## 5329 1.120410e+10 1.112362e+09
## 5381 3.644938e+09 2.494824e+09
## 5413 5.048036e+10 1.071324e+10
## 5465 1.510000e+11 4.146881e+09
## 5517 2.269143e+10 1.946746e+08
## 5569 4.254241e+09 1.403701e+09
## 5621 4.245489e+09 1.485173e+09
## 5673 2.300000e+11 8.755273e+10
## 5725 3.663568e+09 1.047277e+08
## 5777 7.697810e+09 3.039744e+09
## 5829 2.727470e+10 1.185461e+09
## 5881 6.091766e+09 5.282963e+08
## 5933 6.196757e+09 1.343468e+09
## 5985 5.450000e+11 2.300000e+11
## 6037 2.698412e+09 2.911907e+08
## 6089 9.106679e+09 1.147118e+09
## 6121 7.933435e+09 1.282953e+09
## 6153 3.642840e+09 2.189448e+08
## 6205 5.752145e+07 2.924671e+06
## 6257 6.003259e+10 2.191960e+10
## 6309 1.085964e+10 1.231646e+09
## 6361 3.650226e+10 8.046658e+09
## 6413 6.035645e+09 1.344644e+09
## 6465 1.375082e+08 3.027896e+07
## 6517 1.397669e+10 1.689282e+09
## 6569 7.370000e+11 1.100000e+11
## 6629 2.049501e+09 1.050588e+08
## 6681 2.133552e+09 1.053203e+08
## 6698 1.198510e+09 1.540543e+07
## 6750 3.929184e+09 9.488349e+08
## 6802 4.144598e+08 2.709545e+07
## 6854 6.638280e+10 2.484952e+10
## 6906 8.322722e+09 1.957545e+09
## 6958 4.060937e+09 1.139425e+09
## 7010 5.101303e+10 6.296088e+10
## 7062 1.410000e+11 2.649325e+10
## 7114 2.890000e+08 1.990518e+06
## 7166 1.964208e+08 8.619000e+06
## 7218 1.736632e+08 2.448466e+06
## 7270 6.162253e+10 4.079899e+10
## 7322 2.648142e+10 3.440629e+09
## 7374 9.504257e+09 4.524375e+08
## 7426 1.324991e+10 8.193707e+09
## 7478 5.897972e+10 2.935096e+10
## 7530 1.490000e+11 6.950425e+10
## 7582 3.710000e+11 1.140000e+11
## 7634 1.130000e+11 3.152271e+10
## 7686 5.127174e+08 1.668487e+08
## 7718 1.141694e+09 3.517027e+07
## 7770 5.832480e+10 5.126900e+10
## 7822 6.132692e+10 1.574795e+10
## 7874 1.320000e+11 4.421076e+10
## 7906 3.790000e+11 2.610000e+11
## 7958 3.850804e+09 1.016564e+09
## 8010 4.722242e+08 4.121482e+07
## 8062 3.111105e+08 5.885185e+06
## 8114 8.008224e+08 6.770592e+07
## 8166 4.157259e+08 3.548305e+07
## 8218 2.613132e+09 5.600933e+08
## 8270 2.133663e+08 3.333671e+07
## 8322 2.030000e+11 1.090000e+11
## 8374 1.220087e+10 4.077912e+09
## 8406 3.925965e+10 8.348458e+09
## 8458 1.599360e+09 9.071824e+07
## 8510 1.761847e+09 7.979089e+07
## 8562 6.090000e+11 8.366267e+10
## 8594 1.100000e+11 2.299938e+10
## 8646 3.410000e+11 9.013366e+10
## 8678 4.772567e+10 1.236637e+10
## 8730 6.544000e+09 1.663754e+08
## 8782 1.050000e+11 4.938220e+10
## 8834 7.452806e+09 3.001006e+09
## 8907 4.770000e+11 1.650000e+11
## 8921 2.017972e+09 8.353286e+07
## 8935 5.784767e+09 3.351616e+09
## 9028 1.706376e+09 7.289484e+08
## 9080 2.121942e+09 1.343388e+09
## 9132 2.620000e+11 8.058807e+10
## 9184 4.480000e+11 1.530000e+11
## 9236 6.422069e+09 9.227606e+08
## 9268 4.260263e+09 8.061209e+08
## 9320 2.960000e+11 1.370000e+11
## 9372 3.131487e+09 1.022865e+09
## 9424 2.871339e+08 2.448645e+07
## 9476 8.610900e+09 4.764965e+09
## 9528 3.480000e+11 4.112612e+10
## 9580 2.438319e+10 6.731052e+09
## 9632 2.910000e+11 1.820000e+11
## 9664 2.380575e+10 1.802770e+10
## 9716 5.298525e+08 6.195588e+06
## 9768 5.697336e+07 5.603500e+05
## 9820 1.054084e+10 7.119220e+09
## 9852 8.378110e+10 2.061376e+10
## 9884 1.136553e+10 1.750465e+09
## 9957 8.218209e+10 6.595278e+10
## 10009 8.990000e+11 2.750000e+11
## 10061 1.173197e+10 5.498895e+09
## 10093 3.471964e+08 1.460115e+08
## 10145 3.400000e+12 2.500000e+12
## 10197 5.848264e+09 1.879424e+09
## 10249 1.502149e+10 6.192522e+09
## 10281 2.779484e+10 1.383049e+10
## 10333 4.996441e+10 1.672214e+10
## 10385 4.301953e+08 4.213117e+07
## 10439 4.140872e+09 1.006034e+09
## 10512 7.735235e+09 1.876458e+09
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E..
## 52 2.028733e+09
## 104 2.242916e+09
## 156 4.639058e+10
## 208 1.528810e+08
## 260 2.911206e+10
## 312 1.140481e+08
## 344 2.323388e+10
## 396 9.315317e+10
## 448 3.650000e+11
## 500 9.295687e+10
## 552 5.032970e+08
## 604 1.301818e+10
## 656 1.010000e+11
## 688 2.790038e+09
## 740 3.675500e+08
## 792 8.782438e+10
## 844 1.445087e+08
## 896 5.835778e+08
## 948 9.509006e+09
## 980 4.943822e+09
## 1032 3.179437e+09
## 1084 2.480000e+11
## 1136 2.674347e+08
## 1188 2.065150e+08
## 1240 5.512139e+07
## 1292 8.440142e+09
## 1344 1.475739e+10
## 1396 1.657462e+10
## 1448 5.260955e+08
## 1480 1.845000e+10
## 1532 5.585718e+09
## 1584 8.269356e+09
## 1636 3.360000e+11
## 1688 2.308893e+08
## 1740 2.037922e+08
## 1792 4.820422e+08
## 1844 1.792811e+10
## 1896 3.251670e+09
## 1948 8.127902e+10
## 2000 5.780000e+12
## 2052 6.378885e+10
## 2104 1.015702e+08
## 2156 5.384703e+09
## 2208 2.266230e+10
## 2260 2.383375e+07
## 2312 1.055354e+10
## 2344 1.021807e+10
## 2396 1.267524e+10
## 2448 2.178135e+09
## 2501 7.096301e+10
## 2553 1.896019e+09
## 2605 5.770057e+10
## 2657 3.184901e+07
## 2709 1.731195e+10
## 2761 2.377544e+10
## 2813 5.394329e+09
## 2865 6.135965e+09
## 2921 5.978397e+09
## 2953 3.588722e+08
## 2985 6.410452e+09
## 3037 6.330955e+08
## 3089 5.323514e+10
## 3141 3.440000e+11
## 3193 4.440946e+08
## 3245 2.450288e+08
## 3297 8.208202e+09
## 3329 2.768992e+09
## 3381 9.137223e+07
## 3433 2.321817e+09
## 3485 9.260000e+11
## 3537 1.730453e+10
## 3589 1.548701e+07
## 3641 2.944255e+10
## 3693 2.181887e+08
## 3745 7.723393e+07
## 3797 1.448333e+10
## 3849 4.156479e+09
## 3901 3.552565e+09
## 3953 4.058966e+09
## 4005 5.920275e+09
## 4057 8.246838e+09
## 4109 3.468640e+10
## 4161 3.395031e+09
## 4213 5.960000e+11
## 4265 3.490000e+11
## 4317 1.860000e+11
## 4369 9.360141e+10
## 4421 1.800000e+11
## 4473 6.008531e+10
## 4525 3.800000e+11
## 4577 1.210868e+10
## 4629 1.870384e+09
## 4681 1.150000e+12
## 4713 5.712500e+10
## 4765 9.735211e+09
## 4817 1.102410e+10
## 4869 5.544400e+09
## 4921 4.940000e+11
## 4953 1.784153e+09
## 5005 7.125880e+10
## 5037 1.567201e+09
## 5089 4.743081e+09
## 5141 2.612230e+09
## 5193 6.258656e+08
## 5225 6.004492e+09
## 5277 1.492279e+08
## 5329 1.738738e+10
## 5381 2.580188e+09
## 5413 1.257008e+10
## 5465 5.082131e+09
## 5517 4.483668e+08
## 5569 2.034541e+09
## 5621 1.942315e+09
## 5673 1.270000e+11
## 5725 2.078908e+08
## 5777 3.219211e+09
## 5829 1.298057e+09
## 5881 2.900194e+09
## 5933 1.574641e+09
## 5985 3.330000e+11
## 6037 2.911907e+08
## 6089 5.171469e+09
## 6121 1.740951e+09
## 6153 5.764676e+08
## 6205 6.464447e+06
## 6257 2.924698e+10
## 6309 3.250860e+09
## 6361 3.773617e+10
## 6413 2.842262e+09
## 6465 5.166145e+07
## 6517 2.399830e+09
## 6569 1.350000e+11
## 6629 2.749838e+08
## 6681 1.378476e+08
## 6698 4.565795e+07
## 6750 1.140722e+09
## 6802 4.565276e+07
## 6854 3.407916e+10
## 6906 3.172680e+09
## 6958 2.419867e+09
## 7010 9.474809e+10
## 7062 1.450000e+11
## 7114 1.209573e+07
## 7166 1.577100e+07
## 7218 8.252673e+06
## 7270 5.587986e+10
## 7322 8.415532e+09
## 7374 7.578663e+09
## 7426 1.134459e+10
## 7478 6.108329e+10
## 7530 8.648054e+10
## 7582 1.480000e+11
## 7634 3.929676e+10
## 7686 1.847411e+08
## 7718 2.489903e+08
## 7770 5.324790e+10
## 7822 8.367898e+10
## 7874 6.031970e+10
## 7906 4.680000e+11
## 7958 1.485902e+09
## 8010 5.438148e+07
## 8062 1.722222e+07
## 8114 1.244248e+08
## 8166 6.653028e+07
## 8218 5.600933e+08
## 8270 4.633912e+07
## 8322 3.340000e+11
## 8374 5.955125e+09
## 8406 1.216073e+10
## 8458 1.391801e+08
## 8510 2.195285e+08
## 8562 8.801776e+10
## 8594 2.659214e+10
## 8646 1.150000e+11
## 8678 1.424669e+10
## 8730 2.117586e+08
## 8782 9.313423e+10
## 8834 6.172696e+09
## 8907 2.190000e+11
## 8921 1.951496e+09
## 8935 6.766893e+09
## 9028 9.547781e+08
## 9080 1.436449e+09
## 9132 1.060000e+11
## 9184 1.690000e+11
## 9236 5.273695e+09
## 9268 1.588561e+09
## 9320 1.620000e+11
## 9372 1.428089e+09
## 9424 3.939571e+07
## 9476 9.128454e+09
## 9528 1.570000e+11
## 9580 8.916406e+09
## 9632 2.130000e+11
## 9664 1.912781e+10
## 9716 5.758118e+07
## 9768 1.324205e+06
## 9820 9.377611e+09
## 9852 4.137939e+10
## 9884 2.320010e+09
## 9957 1.020000e+11
## 10009 3.810000e+11
## 10061 1.108889e+10
## 10093 2.011521e+08
## 10145 3.270000e+12
## 10197 5.676633e+09
## 10249 7.866138e+09
## 10281 1.787148e+10
## 10333 4.871736e+10
## 10385 6.266056e+07
## 10439 1.551378e+09
## 10512 6.639510e+09
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. Total.Value.Added
## 52 3.913886e+09 1.427850e+10
## 104 5.140562e+09 1.592339e+10
## 156 3.586298e+10 1.570000e+11
## 208 1.805252e+09 3.067863e+09
## 260 1.254999e+10 7.049139e+10
## 312 5.288111e+08 1.250926e+09
## 344 9.395588e+09 5.000800e+10
## 396 1.620000e+11 4.050000e+11
## 448 8.200000e+11 1.620000e+12
## 500 1.950000e+11 4.300000e+11
## 552 5.749951e+09 1.012782e+10
## 604 1.633399e+10 3.798642e+10
## 656 1.150000e+11 3.990000e+11
## 688 4.605778e+09 1.258265e+10
## 740 2.154200e+09 4.165250e+09
## 792 2.880000e+11 5.290000e+11
## 844 5.483002e+09 6.929587e+09
## 896 4.970619e+08 2.276221e+09
## 948 1.291570e+10 3.631136e+10
## 980 7.254273e+09 1.999528e+10
## 1032 7.785245e+09 1.674151e+10
## 1084 6.530000e+11 1.370000e+12
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## 6854 2.802810e+10
## 6906 2.056086e+09
## 6958 2.049186e+09
## 7010 6.064250e+10
## 7062 3.798114e+10
## 7114 5.252205e+07
## 7166 3.262500e+07
## 7218 4.169573e+07
## 7270 6.323546e+10
## 7322 1.270615e+10
## 7374 2.886964e+09
## 7426 4.791348e+09
## 7478 2.954217e+10
## 7530 7.691628e+10
## 7582 1.070000e+11
## 7634 3.854949e+10
## 7686 4.138326e+08
## 7718 2.942148e+08
## 7770 1.091050e+10
## 7822 1.469721e+10
## 7874 3.656348e+10
## 7906 2.600000e+11
## 7958 1.226957e+09
## 8010 7.580000e+07
## 8062 7.902222e+07
## 8114 4.901379e+08
## 8166 1.192419e+08
## 8218 2.454941e+08
## 8270 1.664813e+08
## 8322 7.668035e+10
## 8374 3.789490e+09
## 8406 8.309159e+09
## 8458 1.965660e+08
## 8510 2.491725e+08
## 8562 7.726036e+10
## 8594 1.371076e+10
## 8646 4.055915e+10
## 8678 7.595978e+09
## 8730 7.124504e+08
## 8782 5.083696e+10
## 8834 6.371013e+09
## 8907 2.330000e+11
## 8921 3.484483e+08
## 8935 6.043576e+09
## 9028 7.632228e+08
## 9080 7.140921e+08
## 9132 6.555677e+10
## 9184 1.320000e+11
## 9236 4.433297e+09
## 9268 1.253761e+09
## 9320 1.010000e+11
## 9372 6.782690e+08
## 9424 4.870083e+07
## 9476 5.511254e+09
## 9528 6.078519e+10
## 9580 6.839230e+09
## 9632 1.280000e+11
## 9664 2.678884e+09
## 9716 3.020646e+08
## 9768 8.638665e+06
## 9820 4.479976e+09
## 9852 2.906976e+10
## 9884 2.293071e+09
## 9957 6.565568e+10
## 10009 3.580000e+11
## 10061 6.864031e+09
## 10093 4.256747e+08
## 10145 3.520000e+12
## 10197 1.780720e+09
## 10249 7.220607e+09
## 10281 4.484444e+09
## 10333 2.556936e+10
## 10385 2.156552e+08
## 10439 1.997207e+09
## 10512 3.881353e+09
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## 52 1.511467e+10 1.493901e+10
## 104 1.795620e+10 1.826004e+10
## 156 1.600000e+11 1.630000e+11
## 208 3.324648e+09 3.324648e+09
## 260 7.142209e+10 7.053324e+10
## 312 1.373575e+09 1.421200e+09
## 344 5.427658e+10 5.462218e+10
## 396 4.790000e+11 4.870000e+11
## 448 1.670000e+12 1.730000e+12
## 500 4.830000e+11 4.800000e+11
## 552 1.059010e+10 1.120860e+10
## 604 3.656752e+10 3.886867e+10
## 656 4.370000e+11 4.150000e+11
## 688 1.404362e+10 1.386142e+10
## 740 4.748719e+09 4.843800e+09
## 792 6.000000e+11 5.940000e+11
## 844 7.227667e+09 7.230610e+09
## 896 2.183729e+09 2.381374e+09
## 948 3.945458e+10 4.040821e+10
## 980 2.316337e+10 2.336527e+10
## 1032 1.732139e+10 1.761486e+10
## 1084 1.570000e+12 1.610000e+12
## 1136 2.374632e+09 2.491673e+09
## 1188 1.644417e+09 1.632291e+09
## 1240 1.404239e+09 1.538792e+09
## 1292 1.409616e+10 1.400650e+10
## 1344 8.186610e+10 8.405757e+10
## 1396 5.892613e+10 5.858209e+10
## 1448 3.910535e+09 3.899748e+09
## 1480 6.553427e+10 6.820617e+10
## 1532 2.525705e+10 2.666949e+10
## 1584 4.450139e+10 4.536765e+10
## 1636 1.970000e+12 1.990000e+12
## 1688 1.898444e+09 1.936174e+09
## 1740 4.223197e+09 5.808612e+09
## 1792 2.689505e+09 2.517718e+09
## 1844 8.324521e+10 8.530876e+10
## 1896 1.585397e+10 1.640957e+10
## 1948 2.990000e+11 3.170000e+11
## 2000 1.760000e+13 1.770000e+13
## 2052 3.090000e+11 3.140000e+11
## 2104 1.331432e+09 1.340468e+09
## 2156 1.013396e+10 1.284063e+10
## 2208 5.189791e+10 5.284991e+10
## 2260 3.275439e+08 3.275439e+08
## 2312 5.992609e+10 6.428244e+10
## 2344 6.882029e+10 6.895509e+10
## 2396 1.250000e+11 1.270000e+11
## 2448 2.600803e+10 2.840812e+10
## 2501 2.690000e+11 2.820000e+11
## 2553 1.750288e+10 1.768762e+10
## 2605 4.120000e+11 3.980000e+11
## 2657 5.498671e+08 5.482156e+08
## 2709 8.953723e+10 9.424343e+10
## 2761 1.050000e+11 1.060000e+11
## 2813 2.711272e+10 2.873694e+10
## 2865 1.142692e+10 1.243085e+10
## 2921 9.877151e+10 9.926851e+10
## 2953 2.229672e+09 2.255390e+09
## 2985 3.654668e+10 3.719117e+10
## 3037 4.045926e+09 4.296235e+09
## 3089 3.030000e+11 2.970000e+11
## 3141 3.050000e+12 2.960000e+12
## 3193 6.054675e+09 6.054675e+09
## 3245 3.596940e+09 3.701420e+09
## 3297 1.722627e+10 1.852071e+10
## 3329 1.766203e+10 1.869642e+10
## 3381 1.988021e+09 2.038415e+09
## 3433 2.143460e+10 1.803680e+10
## 3485 4.410000e+12 4.260000e+12
## 3537 7.708831e+10 7.908278e+10
## 3589 3.889769e+08 2.274542e+08
## 3641 2.140000e+11 2.150000e+11
## 3693 3.184058e+09 3.272512e+09
## 3745 1.062762e+09 1.115288e+09
## 3797 8.436088e+10 8.598588e+10
## 3849 1.415432e+10 1.603611e+10
## 3901 8.900831e+09 8.044500e+09
## 3953 1.906473e+10 1.904374e+10
## 4005 2.617188e+10 2.848872e+10
## 4057 3.960000e+11 3.690000e+11
## 4109 1.760000e+11 1.820000e+11
## 4161 2.592182e+10 2.560242e+10
## 4213 3.150000e+12 3.200000e+12
## 4265 1.150000e+12 1.190000e+12
## 4317 5.760000e+11 5.950000e+11
## 4369 2.020000e+11 2.040000e+11
## 4421 3.830000e+11 5.040000e+11
## 4473 4.740000e+11 4.820000e+11
## 4525 2.150000e+12 2.110000e+12
## 4577 6.765258e+10 6.976483e+10
## 4629 1.420394e+10 1.465758e+10
## 4681 5.130000e+12 4.940000e+12
## 4713 1.760000e+11 1.930000e+11
## 4765 4.501141e+10 4.524366e+10
## 4817 1.090000e+11 1.100000e+11
## 4869 1.694143e+10 1.675045e+10
## 4921 1.830000e+12 1.810000e+12
## 4953 9.625975e+09 9.412101e+09
## 5005 1.550000e+11 1.370000e+11
## 5037 8.449625e+09 8.740682e+09
## 5089 1.792224e+10 1.907441e+10
## 5141 3.646855e+10 3.794488e+10
## 5193 2.793630e+09 2.373416e+09
## 5225 3.911935e+10 3.985350e+10
## 5277 2.146116e+09 2.444889e+09
## 5329 3.932667e+10 3.900571e+10
## 5381 7.741218e+09 6.607750e+09
## 5413 6.388702e+10 6.644526e+10
## 5465 5.969267e+10 8.550624e+10
## 5517 3.548660e+10 2.990507e+10
## 5569 1.414496e+10 1.444979e+10
## 5621 1.197868e+10 1.219920e+10
## 5673 3.620000e+11 3.730000e+11
## 5725 4.896768e+09 5.405577e+09
## 5777 1.858908e+10 1.915706e+10
## 5829 1.639897e+10 1.772064e+10
## 5881 9.893665e+09 9.996240e+09
## 5933 1.169631e+10 1.152522e+10
## 5985 1.260000e+12 1.270000e+12
## 6037 8.596157e+09 8.596157e+09
## 6089 1.302120e+10 1.509802e+10
## 6121 1.405697e+10 1.368010e+10
## 6153 5.983139e+09 5.809147e+09
## 6205 7.157238e+07 7.155284e+07
## 6257 1.410000e+11 1.430000e+11
## 6309 1.543677e+10 1.577676e+10
## 6361 8.219944e+10 8.819198e+10
## 6413 1.204406e+10 1.223625e+10
## 6465 2.181195e+08 1.550159e+08
## 6517 3.640429e+10 3.620718e+10
## 6569 9.900000e+11 1.010000e+12
## 6629 2.932919e+09 2.699612e+09
## 6681 2.975259e+09 3.126019e+09
## 6698 1.115132e+09 1.153843e+09
## 6750 1.007135e+10 1.007135e+10
## 6802 1.015811e+09 9.805715e+08
## 6854 2.460000e+11 2.500000e+11
## 6906 1.319864e+10 1.401301e+10
## 6958 1.477714e+10 1.491500e+10
## 7010 3.990000e+11 4.310000e+11
## 7062 5.030000e+11 4.820000e+11
## 7114 4.450781e+08 4.041780e+08
## 7166 3.134627e+08 2.569790e+08
## 7218 2.929320e+08 2.178043e+08
## 7270 3.660000e+11 3.430000e+11
## 7322 6.096860e+10 6.360507e+10
## 7374 2.593845e+10 2.659452e+10
## 7426 3.916233e+10 4.045839e+10
## 7478 2.170000e+11 2.230000e+11
## 7530 4.080000e+11 3.940000e+11
## 7582 6.480000e+11 6.790000e+11
## 7634 2.510000e+11 2.540000e+11
## 7686 1.565369e+09 1.563164e+09
## 7718 2.433018e+09 2.004165e+09
## 7770 7.358080e+10 1.070000e+11
## 7822 1.770000e+11 1.800000e+11
## 7874 2.790000e+11 2.840000e+11
## 7906 1.740000e+12 1.780000e+12
## 7958 1.069910e+10 1.106992e+10
## 8010 8.490504e+08 8.608444e+08
## 8062 2.727221e+08 3.027148e+08
## 8114 1.734514e+09 1.764903e+09
## 8166 8.758381e+08 8.805647e+08
## 8218 1.533365e+09 1.701595e+09
## 8270 5.603815e+08 5.546033e+08
## 8322 8.500000e+11 8.340000e+11
## 8374 2.704162e+10 2.762516e+10
## 8406 6.112752e+10 6.306811e+10
## 8458 1.224371e+09 1.286662e+09
## 8510 4.200435e+09 4.249234e+09
## 8562 3.490000e+11 3.970000e+11
## 8594 1.150000e+11 1.170000e+11
## 8646 3.470000e+11 3.660000e+11
## 8678 6.087739e+10 6.174859e+10
## 8730 7.585376e+09 7.628276e+09
## 8782 4.110000e+11 4.190000e+11
## 8834 2.352395e+10 2.411815e+10
## 8907 1.430000e+12 1.430000e+12
## 8921 4.144496e+09 4.304069e+09
## 8935 3.402315e+10 3.586726e+10
## 9028 2.812394e+09 3.223849e+09
## 9080 4.275074e+09 4.732011e+09
## 9132 6.540000e+11 6.360000e+11
## 9184 7.830000e+11 8.130000e+11
## 9236 2.125049e+10 1.971889e+10
## 9268 1.021315e+10 8.746309e+09
## 9320 4.880000e+11 5.060000e+11
## 9372 8.181907e+09 8.160194e+09
## 9424 4.981795e+08 4.718320e+08
## 9476 2.336707e+10 2.446020e+10
## 9528 4.050000e+11 4.050000e+11
## 9580 4.511259e+10 4.668730e+10
## 9632 8.070000e+11 8.190000e+11
## 9664 5.117892e+10 5.395439e+10
## 9716 1.032126e+09 9.432698e+08
## 9768 8.017558e+07 6.017018e+07
## 9820 4.195029e+10 4.266109e+10
## 9852 2.040000e+11 2.000000e+11
## 9884 1.321881e+10 1.388118e+10
## 9957 4.130000e+11 4.260000e+11
## 10009 3.120000e+12 3.130000e+12
## 10061 6.907890e+10 7.029692e+10
## 10093 2.044324e+09 2.080370e+09
## 10145 2.360000e+13 2.330000e+13
## 10197 1.911390e+10 1.973762e+10
## 10249 5.652755e+10 5.931761e+10
## 10281 6.896017e+10 6.923890e+10
## 10333 9.947933e+10 1.120000e+11
## 10385 8.368166e+08 8.572613e+08
## 10439 9.929301e+09 9.946815e+09
## 10512 2.067962e+10 2.131337e+10# setting row names of the matrix to the country names
rownames(economy_matrix)<-country_labels
# Remove rows with NA
economy_matrix<-na.omit(economy_matrix)In this step, the code performs a Zero-Variance Filter to ensure the dataset is mathematically compatible with dimensionality reduction. By calculating the standard deviation for every indicator, the script identifies “constant” variables where every country has the same value. Removing these columns is a mathematical necessity because PCA and scaling require division by the standard deviation; if that value is zero, the calculation would fail. This ensures that only informative, varied data remains in the matrix for the subsequent analysis.
#check for zero variance(std=0)
sd_check <- apply(economy_matrix,2,sd)
zero_sd <-which(sd_check==0)
#print(sd_check)
#print(zero_sd)
#if there are columns with 0 variance, remove them
if(length(zero_sd)>0){
economy_matrix<-economy_matrix[,-zero_sd]
}
dim(economy_matrix)
## [1] 162 19
head(economy_matrix)
## Per.capita.GNI
## Algeria 3618
## Andorra 42066
## Angola 2070
## Azerbaijan 5263
## Argentina 10590
## Australia 64490
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## Algeria 19903888815
## Andorra 17681968
## Angola 8101381220
## Azerbaijan 3209882353
## Argentina 29352350216
## Australia 55031298801
## Changes.in.inventories Construction..ISIC.F.
## Algeria 5017619109 18179521853
## Andorra 35735687 258133073
## Angola 1232228649 4407157262
## Azerbaijan 397470588 3218176471
## Argentina 1671019110 17865319704
## Australia 5494190740 119000000000
## Exports.of.goods.and.services Final.consumption.expenditure
## Algeria 43703706766 1.010000e+11
## Andorra 1161415331 2.582369e+09
## Angola 31095400431 3.610543e+10
## Azerbaijan 25487647059 3.601441e+10
## Argentina 87867655491 3.740000e+11
## Australia 448000000000 1.230000e+12
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure
## Algeria 28479079094
## Andorra 712512626
## Angola 5612239172
## Azerbaijan 7338176471
## Argentina 77193279269
## Australia 382000000000
## Gross.capital.formation
## Algeria 62001690926
## Andorra 692900972
## Angola 14799999130
## Azerbaijan 9457058824
## Argentina 85139176401
## Australia 403000000000
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## Algeria 56984071817
## Andorra 657165286
## Angola 13567770481
## Azerbaijan 9059588235
## Argentina 83468157290
## Australia 398000000000
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## Algeria 72544836287
## Andorra 1869856314
## Angola 30493194246
## Azerbaijan 28676235294
## Argentina 297000000000
## Australia 846000000000
## Imports.of.goods.and.services Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## Algeria 43256511555 7028516777
## Andorra 1112037714 135104426
## Angola 11467589802 4613059007
## Azerbaijan 16336941176 3727705882
## Argentina 72817326087 63840564161
## Australia 346000000000 94035996640
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E..
## Algeria 46390579976
## Andorra 152881012
## Angola 29112064600
## Azerbaijan 23233882353
## Argentina 93153173390
## Australia 365000000000
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. Total.Value.Added
## Algeria 35862982793 1.570000e+11
## Andorra 1805252017 3.067863e+09
## Angola 12549986473 7.049139e+10
## Azerbaijan 9395588235 5.000800e+10
## Argentina 162000000000 4.050000e+11
## Australia 820000000000 1.620000e+12
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## Algeria 15738457930
## Andorra 170468361
## Angola 1434058969
## Azerbaijan 4723294118
## Argentina 27389573485
## Australia 104000000000
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## Algeria 21304705600
## Andorra 663446350
## Angola 14886742824
## Azerbaijan 6227176471
## Argentina 75740905225
## Australia 159000000000
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## Algeria 1.600000e+11 1.630000e+11
## Andorra 3.324648e+09 3.324648e+09
## Angola 7.142209e+10 7.053324e+10
## Azerbaijan 5.427658e+10 5.462218e+10
## Argentina 4.790000e+11 4.870000e+11
## Australia 1.670000e+12 1.730000e+12===============================
SCALING
===============================
Before scaling we can see the data points are “stretched” out by whichever variable has the largest GDP.After scaling we want to push them into uniform “circle” or “ball” centered at zero, where no single variable dominates just because of its scale.
#scale data
economy_scaled <-scale(economy_matrix)
#col_means and std
col_means <- apply(economy_scaled,2,mean)
col_sdv <-apply(economy_scaled,2,sd)
print("New Means (should be close to 0):")
## [1] "New Means (should be close to 0):"
print(round(col_means,5))
## Per.capita.GNI
## 0
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## 0
## Changes.in.inventories
## 0
## Construction..ISIC.F.
## 0
## Exports.of.goods.and.services
## 0
## Final.consumption.expenditure
## 0
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure
## 0
## Gross.capital.formation
## 0
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## 0
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## 0
## Imports.of.goods.and.services
## 0
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## 0
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E..
## 0
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P.
## 0
## Total.Value.Added
## 0
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## 0
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## 0
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD
## 0
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## 0
print("New Standard Deviation (should be exactly 1):")
## [1] "New Standard Deviation (should be exactly 1):"
print(col_sdv)
## Per.capita.GNI
## 1
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## 1
## Changes.in.inventories
## 1
## Construction..ISIC.F.
## 1
## Exports.of.goods.and.services
## 1
## Final.consumption.expenditure
## 1
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure
## 1
## Gross.capital.formation
## 1
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## 1
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## 1
## Imports.of.goods.and.services
## 1
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## 1
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E..
## 1
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P.
## 1
## Total.Value.Added
## 1
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## 1
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## 1
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD
## 1
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## 1===============================
Correlation Analysis
===============================
The code calculates a correlation matrix to identify Multicollinearity, which is when variables are so similar that they are mathematically redundant. By using the hclust (Hierarchical Clustering) method and addrect = 3, the code automatically groups similar variables into three distinct “themes” or “clusters,” making it easy to see which indicators (like GDP and Consumption) move together.
#After scaling, the data is pushed into a uniform "circle" or "ball" centered at zero, where no single variable dominates just because of its scale.
if(!require(corrplot)) install.packages("corrplot")
library(corrplot)
econ_cor <- cor(economy_scaled)
print(econ_cor[1:5, 1:5], digits=2)
## Per.capita.GNI
## Per.capita.GNI 1.0000
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. -0.0177
## Changes.in.inventories -0.0064
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.1585
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.3188
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## Per.capita.GNI -0.018
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 1.000
## Changes.in.inventories 0.789
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.834
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.715
## Changes.in.inventories
## Per.capita.GNI -0.0064
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.7895
## Changes.in.inventories 1.0000
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.6164
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.6328
## Construction..ISIC.F.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.16
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.83
## Changes.in.inventories 0.62
## Construction..ISIC.F. 1.00
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.90
## Exports.of.goods.and.services
## Per.capita.GNI 0.32
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.72
## Changes.in.inventories 0.63
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.90
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 1.00
corrplot(econ_cor,
order = "hclust", # This is the magic: it groups similar variables!
addrect = 3, # This draws boxes around the 3 main 'themes'
method = "color",
tl.cex = 0.6,
tl.col = "black",
cl.pos = "r",
main = "\n\nEconomic Structure Clusters")
Duplicate Visualization (with better reading)
## Per.capita.GNI
## Per.capita.GNI 1.000000000
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. -0.017740873
## Changes.in.inventories -0.006371695
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.158549867
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.318756007
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.209441669
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.226457979
## Gross.capital.formation 0.133657600
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.135821996
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.202656838
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.309905345
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.118974793
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.130570958
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.218491438
## Total.Value.Added 0.190683151
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.206913915
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.196826467
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.196756018
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.196168946
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B..
## Per.capita.GNI -0.01774087
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 1.00000000
## Changes.in.inventories 0.78949771
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.83387591
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.71529968
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.54897634
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.67411597
## Gross.capital.formation 0.86382768
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.85854069
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.51038401
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.65571699
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.88131479
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.87381228
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.51576326
## Total.Value.Added 0.67787508
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.57417060
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.58136932
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.67150670
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.67870348
## Changes.in.inventories
## Per.capita.GNI -0.006371695
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.789497708
## Changes.in.inventories 1.000000000
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.616382215
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.632792815
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.315313545
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.485881044
## Gross.capital.formation 0.657105552
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.643737913
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.267401434
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.527346144
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.700553931
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.689935091
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.283968627
## Total.Value.Added 0.446859163
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.346514430
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.344130955
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.445379495
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.451791106
## Construction..ISIC.F.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1585499
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.8338759
## Changes.in.inventories 0.6163822
## Construction..ISIC.F. 1.0000000
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.9041597
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9007377
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9642915
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9918368
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9924968
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.8741876
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9177926
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9754880
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9851552
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.8842776
## Total.Value.Added 0.9625836
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9162512
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9177878
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9608499
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9632850
## Exports.of.goods.and.services
## Per.capita.GNI 0.3187560
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.7152997
## Changes.in.inventories 0.6327928
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9041597
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 1.0000000
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.8160006
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9082529
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8871478
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8858206
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.7829944
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9792225
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8865007
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8930001
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.7985888
## Total.Value.Added 0.8672580
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.8247959
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.8224900
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.8732143
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.8750561
## Final.consumption.expenditure
## Per.capita.GNI 0.2094417
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.5489763
## Changes.in.inventories 0.3153135
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9007377
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8160006
## Final.consumption.expenditure 1.0000000
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9662640
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8629743
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8687206
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9977345
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9057119
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8087408
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8325646
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9981987
## Total.Value.Added 0.9827563
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9959021
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9961067
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9848540
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9833086
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure
## Per.capita.GNI 0.2264580
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.6741160
## Changes.in.inventories 0.4858810
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9642915
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.9082529
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9662640
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 1.0000000
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9388838
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9417661
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9467502
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9532277
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9078670
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9238640
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9574668
## Total.Value.Added 0.9869891
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9711935
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9688820
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9898524
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9896007
## Gross.capital.formation
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1336576
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.8638277
## Changes.in.inventories 0.6571056
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9918368
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8871478
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.8629743
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9388838
## Gross.capital.formation 1.0000000
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9998450
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.8335853
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8890946
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9912766
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9951138
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.8478918
## Total.Value.Added 0.9409243
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.8871433
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.8861307
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9369082
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9400091
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1358220
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.8585407
## Changes.in.inventories 0.6437379
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9924968
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8858206
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.8687206
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9417661
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9998450
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 1.0000000
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.8400128
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8902664
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9899475
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9941004
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.8541474
## Total.Value.Added 0.9447809
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.8925226
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.8915497
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9407369
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9437368
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.2026568
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.5103840
## Changes.in.inventories 0.2674014
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.8741876
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.7829944
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9977345
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9467502
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8335853
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8400128
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 1.0000000
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8833873
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.7739127
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.7995044
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9977488
## Total.Value.Added 0.9707555
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9912939
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9921594
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9726417
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9707749
## Imports.of.goods.and.services
## Per.capita.GNI 0.3099053
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.6557170
## Changes.in.inventories 0.5273461
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9177926
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.9792225
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9057119
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9532277
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8890946
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8902664
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.8833873
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 1.0000000
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8677415
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8801195
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.8933297
## Total.Value.Added 0.9276629
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9071777
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9055381
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9339674
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9342656
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1189748
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.8813148
## Changes.in.inventories 0.7005539
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9754880
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8865007
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.8087408
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9078670
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9912766
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9899475
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.7739127
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8677415
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 1.0000000
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9972021
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.7905872
## Total.Value.Added 0.9020972
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.8385168
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.8375118
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.8976774
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9011501
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E..
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1305710
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.8738123
## Changes.in.inventories 0.6899351
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9851552
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8930001
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.8325646
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9238640
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9951138
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9941004
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.7995044
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8801195
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9972021
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 1.0000000
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.8145579
## Total.Value.Added 0.9194791
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.8586613
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.8591281
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9154184
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9188137
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.2184914
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.5157633
## Changes.in.inventories 0.2839686
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.8842776
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.7985888
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9981987
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9574668
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8478918
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8541474
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9977488
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.8933297
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.7905872
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8145579
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 1.0000000
## Total.Value.Added 0.9765878
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9952179
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9934049
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9782331
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9764082
## Total.Value.Added
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1906832
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.6778751
## Changes.in.inventories 0.4468592
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9625836
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8672580
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9827563
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9869891
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9409243
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9447809
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9707555
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9276629
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9020972
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9194791
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9765878
## Total.Value.Added 1.0000000
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9898117
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9895892
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9995454
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9996490
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I..
## Per.capita.GNI 0.2069139
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.5741706
## Changes.in.inventories 0.3465144
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9162512
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8247959
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9959021
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9711935
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8871433
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8925226
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9912939
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9071777
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8385168
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8586613
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9952179
## Total.Value.Added 0.9898117
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 1.0000000
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9974163
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9900998
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9889270
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H..
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1968265
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.5813693
## Changes.in.inventories 0.3441310
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9177878
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8224900
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9961067
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9688820
## Gross.capital.formation 0.8861307
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.8915497
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9921594
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9055381
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8375118
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.8591281
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9934049
## Total.Value.Added 0.9895892
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9974163
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 1.0000000
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9897743
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9887232
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1967560
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.6715067
## Changes.in.inventories 0.4453795
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9608499
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8732143
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9848540
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9898524
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9369082
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9407369
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9726417
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9339674
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.8976774
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9154184
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9782331
## Total.Value.Added 0.9995454
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9900998
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9897743
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 1.0000000
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 0.9999125
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP.
## Per.capita.GNI 0.1961689
## X.Agriculture..hunting..forestry..fishing..ISIC.A.B.. 0.6787035
## Changes.in.inventories 0.4517911
## Construction..ISIC.F. 0.9632850
## Exports.of.goods.and.services 0.8750561
## Final.consumption.expenditure 0.9833086
## General.government.final.consumption.expenditure 0.9896007
## Gross.capital.formation 0.9400091
## Gross.fixed.capital.formation..including.Acquisitions.less.disposals.of.valuables. 0.9437368
## Household.consumption.expenditure..including.Non.profit.institutions.serving.households. 0.9707749
## Imports.of.goods.and.services 0.9342656
## Manufacturing..ISIC.D. 0.9011501
## X.Mining..Manufacturing..Utilities..ISIC.C.E.. 0.9188137
## Other.Activities..ISIC.J.P. 0.9764082
## Total.Value.Added 0.9996490
## X.Transport..storage.and.communication..ISIC.I.. 0.9889270
## X.Wholesale..retail.trade..restaurants.and.hotels..ISIC.G.H.. 0.9887232
## Gross.National.Income.GNI..in.USD 0.9999125
## Gross.Domestic.Product..GDP. 1.0000000
Construction, Exports, Final Consumption, and GDP, the correlation
numbers are almost all 0.90 to 0.99.
What this proves: In the global economy, these things are
mathematically redundant. If a country has high construction, it almost
certainly has high GDP.
Per Capita GNI. Its correlation with almost everything else is very
low (e.g., 0.13 or 0.15).Being a “rich person” (Per Capita) is not the
same as being a “big economy” (Total GDP).
===============================
PCA METHOD
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pca_result <- prcomp(economy_scaled)
cumsum(summary(pca_result)$importance[2, ])
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC9 PC10
## 0.82971 0.92093 0.97264 0.98694 0.99462 0.99840 0.99919 0.99950 0.99969 0.99981
## PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19
## 0.99989 0.99996 0.99999 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
#print(pca_result)
summary(pca_result)
## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 3.9705 1.31650 0.99122 0.5213 0.38194 0.26800 0.12252
## Proportion of Variance 0.8297 0.09122 0.05171 0.0143 0.00768 0.00378 0.00079
## Cumulative Proportion 0.8297 0.92093 0.97265 0.9869 0.99463 0.99841 0.99920
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14
## Standard deviation 0.07712 0.06059 0.04735 0.03815 0.03588 0.02208 0.01185
## Proportion of Variance 0.00031 0.00019 0.00012 0.00008 0.00007 0.00003 0.00001
## Cumulative Proportion 0.99951 0.99970 0.99982 0.99990 0.99997 0.99999 1.00000
## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19
## Standard deviation 0.005718 0.00104 0.0004028 0.0001718 0.0001609
## Proportion of Variance 0.000000 0.00000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
## Cumulative Proportion 1.000000 1.00000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
plot(pca_result, type="l", main = "Scree Plot: Eigenvalues")
abline(h=1,col="red",lty=2)
## Principal Component Analysis Results
The following three components represent the heart of this project:
1. PC1 (83%): The “Size” Factor
This number tells us that 83% of all the differences between the 160+ countries in our data can be explained by just one single thing: Total Economic Scale.
What it means: Most economic variables (GDP, Imports, Manufacturing, Consumption) move together in a “pack.” If one is big, they are all big.
- The Result: PC1 is like a “Volume” knob. Countries like the USA and China are at the extreme end of this axis because their “volume” is turned up to 100, while others are at 1.
2. PC2 (9%): The “Structure” Factor
This number is much smaller, but very important. It explains the secondary differences that “Size” cannot explain.
What it means: After we ignore how big a country is, PC2 looks at how they make their money.
- The Result: This often separates countries with a high Per Capita GNI (wealthy individuals, smaller population) from countries that are large but still developing (large population, lower per capita).
3. Cumulative (92%): The “Efficiency” Proof
When we add 83% + 9% = 92%, we reach our statistical achievement.
The “So What?”: I took 26 different economic indicators and reduced them to just 2 dimensions. Even though I threw away 24 dimensions, I still kept 92% of the total information.
- Conclusion: This proves the dimension reduction was successful. A 2D plot is a very accurate representation of the real world in this case.
Biplot
A graph showing countries (points) and indicators (arrows). It shows Correlation visually. If the “GDP” and “Exports” arrows point in the same direction, they are highly correlated. If a country (like USA) is near those arrows, it means that country has a high value in those specific indicators.
biplot(pca_result,
cex=c(0.6,0.8),
col=c("gray", "red"),
main="PCA Biplot: Global Economic Mapping",
xlab=paste("PC1 (",round(summary(pca_result)$importance[2,1]*100,1),"%)",sep=""),
ylab=paste("PC2 (",round(summary(pca_result)$importance[2,2]*100,1),"%)",sep=""))
Visualizing the Economic Landscape: The Biplot
To understand how our 26 variables interact with the world’s nations, we look at the Biplot. Here is how to interpret the results:
The Red Arrows (The Indicators)
These represent our 26 original columns.
- Redundancy: Notice how many arrows point in the exact same direction (to the right)? Those are GDP, GNI, and Consumption.
- The Story: This proves they are redundant—they all tell the same story about “Economic Size.” If one goes up, they all go up.
The Gray Names (The Countries)
These are the data points for the 160+ countries in the study.
- The Giants: Countries that are far to the right (where the GDP arrow points) are the giant economies like the USA, China, and Japan.
- The Center: Countries near the middle \((0,0)\) are “average” economies within this specific dataset.
The Achievement
We have managed to plot 26-dimensional data onto a simple 2D map. This simplification allows us to visualize complex global relationships at a single glance.
PCA scatter plot
scores <- as.data.frame(pca_result$x[,1:2])
plot(scores$PC1, scores$PC2,
xlab="PC1", ylab="PC2",
main="PCA Projection of Countries")
text(scores$PC1, scores$PC2,
labels=rownames(scores), cex=0.6)
# Euclidean distance on our scaled data
dist_matrix <- dist(economy_scaled, method="euclidean")
mds_result <- cmdscale(dist_matrix, k=2)
mds_df <- as.data.frame(mds_result)
colnames(mds_df)<-c("Dim1", "Dim2")
plot(mds_df$Dim1,mds_df$Dim2,
type = "n", # We start with a blank plot to add names later
main = "MDS: Mapping Global Economic Similarity",
xlab = "Dimension 1",
ylab = "Dimension 2")
text(mds_df$Dim1, mds_df$Dim2,
labels = rownames(economy_scaled),
cex = 0.7,
col = "darkgreen")
grid()
Conclusion
In this project, we applied unsupervised learning techniques to reduce the complexity of a dataset containing 26 global economic indicators. By using dimensionality reduction methods, we were able to transform high-dimensional economic data into a two-dimensional representation that is significantly easier to analyze and interpret.
First, the analysis showed that many economic indicators are highly correlated. Variables such as GDP, GNI, and Final Consumption provide very similar information, which means that using all of them together adds significant redundancy. Dimensionality reduction allowed us to compress these overlapping variables into a smaller number of meaningful components.
The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) results indicated that most of the variation between countries is driven by economic scale. The first principal component alone explained about 83% of the total variance, reflecting differences in overall economic size. The second component captured structural differences between economies, such as the balance between agriculture, industry, and services. Using the Scree Plot and the Kaiser Criterion, we confirmed that keeping the first two components was sufficient, as they together explained approximately 92% of the total variance.
Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) provided a complementary perspective by focusing on the physical and economic similarities between countries. The MDS map showed that countries from different regions of the world can have very similar economic structures, while geographically close countries can differ significantly. This highlights that economic similarity is not necessarily determined by geographic location.
Overall, this project demonstrates that dimensionality reduction is a vital tool for analyzing complex economic data. It reduces noise and redundancy while preserving the most important information, allowing clearer insights into global economic patterns and the fundamental relationships between nations.