Presented By:
Department of Public Health
Canadian University of Bangladesh
Introduction : Discovery & Origins
• HIV remains one of the most significant public health challenges
in the world affecting millions of lives across diverse geographic
regions.
• This project utilizes digital mapping tools to visualize the
distribution of HIV across 150+ countries making complex data easier to
understand.
• By analyzing global data we identify high-density regions such as
Sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of the virus is most severe.
• The study highlights the contrast between high-prevalence areas
and high-population countries like Bangladesh where even low percentages
represent many cases.
• The goal is to show how visual data can help health organizations
allocate resources and plan effective strategies to end the epidemic by
2030.
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Methodology: Tracking the Virus
• Molecular Epidemiology: Scientists monitor the genetic diversity
of HIV, focusing on HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains, to track how the virus
evolves and spreads across different continents.
• Geospatial Hotspot Analysis: This project uses R Leaflet to
identify “High-Density Zones.” By mapping 150+ countries, we pinpoint
exactly where the virus is most active, such as the concentrated
clusters in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Prevalence vs. Density Mapping: We analyze the relationship
between a country’s infection rate (Prevalence) and its total population
to identify hidden risks in high-population areas like South Asia.
• Impact Surveillance: Methodology includes tracking the
availability of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in various regions to
measure how effectively the virus is being suppressed globally.
Results: Geographic Shift and Current Data
• The Epicenter: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected
region, with South Africa (7.8M cases) and Mozambique (2.5M cases)
showing the highest absolute numbers.
• High Prevalence Zones: Southern African nations like Eswatini
(23.4%) and Lesotho (17.1%) show alarming adult prevalence rates.
• Emerging Risks: Significant caseloads in India (2.6M) and Pakistan
(350K) indicate that while the prevalence percentage is low, the total
number of people living with HIV in Asia remains a major public health
concern.
Discussion: Severity and Public Health Risks
• Health Infrastructure: In regions with high red-density markers,
the demand for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) often outstrips supply,
leading to higher AIDS-related mortality.
• Social Impact: High prevalence rates (above 10%) correlate with
decreased labor productivity and increased economic strain on developing
nations.
• Asymptomatic Spread: The map illustrates that many regions with
low prevalence still face risks due to high population density and lack
of widespread diagnostic testing.
Conclusion: Prevention and Future Strategy
• ncrease testing and the use of preventive medicine like PrEP to
stop new infections.
• Promote education to reduce social stigma and encourage early
diagnosis.
• Ensure universal access to antiretroviral therapy for all
patients.
• Aim for the 95-95-95 target to ensure diagnosis and treatment for
all by 2030.
• Focus on vaccine research and digital mapping to control the virus
globally.
• Social Impact: High prevalence rates (above 10%) correlate with decreased labor productivity and increased economic strain on developing nations.