SSB201-Final-I
240201012/ECE TÜREL
2026-01-09
SSB 201 – Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik I
Final Sınavı
library (gapminder)## Warning: package 'gapminder' was built under R version 4.5.2library (dplyr)## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.5.2##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary (ggplot2)## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.5.2Soru 1 – Veri Setini İnceleme ve Düzenleme
1.a) gapminder veri setindeki değişken isimlerini ve veri türlerini inceleyiniz.
data(gapminder)
head(gapminder)## # A tibble: 6 × 6
## country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap
## <fct> <fct> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.8 8425333 779.
## 2 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.3 9240934 821.
## 3 Afghanistan Asia 1962 32.0 10267083 853.
## 4 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.0 11537966 836.
## 5 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.1 13079460 740.
## 6 Afghanistan Asia 1977 38.4 14880372 786.names(gapminder)## [1] "country" "continent" "year" "lifeExp" "pop" "gdpPercap"1.b) Aşağıdaki değişkenleri seçerek gapminder_tr isimli yeni bir veri seti oluşturunuz:
ulke (country)
yil (year)
yasam_beklentisi (lifeExp)
kisi_basi_gelir (gdpPercap)
kita (continent)
gapminder_tr<-gapminder %>%
dplyr::select(country,year,lifeExp,gdpPercap,continent)1.c) Bu yeni veri setindeki değişken adlarını Türkçeleştiriniz ve gapminder_tr üzerine kaydediniz.
gapminder_tr<-gapminder %>%
rename(ulke=country,
yil=year,
yasam_beklentısı=lifeExp,
kisi_basi_gelir=gdpPercap,
kita=continent)Soru 2 – Betimsel İstatistikler
2.a) gapminder_tr veri seti için summary() fonksiyonunu kullanarak genel özeti elde ediniz.
summary(gapminder_tr)## ulke kita yil yasam_beklentısı
## Afghanistan: 12 Africa :624 Min. :1952 Min. :23.60
## Albania : 12 Americas:300 1st Qu.:1966 1st Qu.:48.20
## Algeria : 12 Asia :396 Median :1980 Median :60.71
## Angola : 12 Europe :360 Mean :1980 Mean :59.47
## Argentina : 12 Oceania : 24 3rd Qu.:1993 3rd Qu.:70.85
## Australia : 12 Max. :2007 Max. :82.60
## (Other) :1632
## pop kisi_basi_gelir
## Min. :6.001e+04 Min. : 241.2
## 1st Qu.:2.794e+06 1st Qu.: 1202.1
## Median :7.024e+06 Median : 3531.8
## Mean :2.960e+07 Mean : 7215.3
## 3rd Qu.:1.959e+07 3rd Qu.: 9325.5
## Max. :1.319e+09 Max. :113523.1
## 2.b) Yaşam beklentisi değişkeninin ortalama, medyan ve ranj değerlerini açıklayınız.
gapminder_tr %>%
mean(gapminder_tr$yasam_beklentısı)## Warning in mean.default(., gapminder_tr$yasam_beklentısı): argument is not
## numeric or logical: returning NA## [1] NAmedian(gapminder_tr$yasam_beklentısı)## [1] 60.7125Soru 3 – Frekans ve Yüzde Tablosu
table(gapminder_tr$yasam_beklentısı)##
## 23.599 28.801 30 30.015 30.331 30.332 31.22 31.286
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 31.57 31.975 31.997 31.999 32.065 32.5 32.548 32.767
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 32.978 33.489 33.609 33.685 33.779 33.896 33.97 34
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 34.02 34.078 34.113 34.482 34.488 34.558 34.812 34.906
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 34.977 35.18 35.307 35.4 35.463 35.492 35.753 35.857
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 35.928 35.983 35.985 36.087 36.088 36.157 36.161 36.256
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 36.319 36.324 36.486 36.667 36.681 36.788 36.936 36.981
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 36.984 37.003 37.197 37.207 37.278 37.328 37.373 37.444
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 37.464 37.465 37.468 37.484 37.485 37.578 37.579 37.686
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 37.802 37.814 37.928 38.047 38.092 38.113 38.223 38.308
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 38.333 38.41 38.438 38.445 38.48 38.487 38.523 38.596
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 38.598 38.635 38.842 38.865 38.977 38.987 38.999 39.031
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 39.143 39.193 39.327 39.329 39.348 39.36 39.393 39.417
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 39.475 39.483 39.486 39.487 39.613 39.624 39.658 39.693
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 39.848 39.854 39.875 39.881 39.897 39.906 39.918 39.942
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 39.977 39.978 39.989 40 40.006 40.059 40.08 40.118
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 40.158 40.238 40.249 40.317 40.328 40.358 40.412 40.414
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 40.428 40.477 40.489 40.502 40.516 40.533 40.543 40.546
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 40.647 40.652 40.696 40.697 40.715 40.762 40.802 40.822
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 40.848 40.87 40.963 40.973 41.003 41.012 41.04 41.208
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 41.215 41.216 41.245 41.291 41.366 41.407 41.454 41.472
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 41.478 41.5 41.536 41.674 41.714 41.716 41.725 41.763
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 41.766 41.842 41.89 41.893 41.905 41.912 41.974 42.023
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.024 42.038 42.045 42.074 42.082 42.111 42.115 42.122
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.129 42.138 42.189 42.221 42.244 42.27 42.314 42.338
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.384 42.46 42.469 42.495 42.518 42.568 42.571 42.587
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.592 42.598 42.614 42.618 42.643 42.723 42.731 42.795
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.821 42.858 42.861 42.868 42.873 42.881 42.887 42.891
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 42.955 42.974 43 43.077 43.149 43.158 43.16 43.165
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 43.266 43.308 43.413 43.415 43.424 43.428 43.436 43.453
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 43.457 43.487 43.515 43.548 43.563 43.585 43.59 43.591
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 43.601 43.605 43.662 43.753 43.764 43.767 43.795 43.828
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 43.869 43.89 43.902 43.916 43.922 43.971 44 44.02
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 44.026 44.056 44.057 44.077 44.1 44.142 44.175 44.246
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 44.248 44.284 44.366 44.444 44.467 44.501 44.50136 44.51
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 44.514 44.535 44.555 44.578 44.593 44.598 44.6 44.665
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 44.686 44.736 44.741 44.779 44.799 44.851 44.852 44.869
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 44.873 44.885 44.916 44.93 44.966 44.992 45 45.009
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
## 45.032 45.047 45.053 45.083 45.108 45.226 45.248 45.252
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 45.262 45.289 45.32 45.326 45.344 45.363 45.415 45.423
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 45.432 45.504 45.548 45.552 45.557 45.569 45.58 45.642
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 45.664 45.669 45.671 45.678 45.685 45.757 45.815 45.826
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 45.883 45.91 45.914 45.928 45.936 45.964 45.989 46.023
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 46.027 46.066 46.1 46.137 46.218 46.242 46.243 46.263
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 46.289 46.344 46.364 46.388 46.452 46.453 46.462 46.471
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 46.472 46.519 46.608 46.633 46.634 46.684 46.714 46.748
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 46.769 46.775 46.809 46.832 46.859 46.881 46.886 46.923
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 46.954 46.988 46.992 47.014 47.049 47.1 47.181 47.193
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 47.35 47.36 47.383 47.391 47.412 47.453 47.457 47.464
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 47.471 47.472 47.495 47.545 47.62 47.622 47.67 47.747
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 47.752 47.768 47.784 47.8 47.804 47.808 47.813 47.838
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 47.924 47.949 47.985 47.991 48.041 48.042 48.051 48.072
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 48.079 48.091 48.122 48.126 48.127 48.159 48.211 48.245
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 48.251 48.284 48.295 48.303 48.328 48.357 48.386 48.388
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 48.435 48.437 48.451 48.463 48.466 48.492 48.57 48.576
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 48.632 48.69 48.812 48.825 48.879 48.944 48.945 48.969
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 49.096 49.113 49.19 49.203 49.265 49.293 49.325 49.339
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 49.348 49.35 49.355 49.379 49.396 49.402 49.42 49.517
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 49.552 49.557 49.579 49.58 49.594 49.618 49.651 49.759
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 49.767 49.8 49.801 49.828 49.849 49.856 49.875 49.901
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 49.903 49.919 49.923 49.951 49.991 50.009 50.016 50.023
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50.04 50.056 50.107 50.227 50.254 50.26 50.305 50.324
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50.335 50.338 50.35 50.43 50.44 50.469 50.485 50.525
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50.54896 50.608 50.643 50.65 50.651 50.654 50.725 50.728
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 50.789 50.821 50.848 50.852 50.904 50.917 50.924 50.939
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
## 50.957 50.986 50.992 51.016 51.051 51.137 51.159 51.253
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 51.313 51.334 51.356 51.386 51.407 51.445 51.455 51.457
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 51.461 51.479 51.509 51.52 51.535 51.542 51.573 51.579
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 51.604 51.629 51.631 51.724 51.744 51.756 51.818 51.821
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 51.884 51.893 51.927 51.929 52.04 52.044 52.053 52.098
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 52.102 52.143 52.199 52.208 52.214 52.295 52.307 52.337
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 52.358 52.374 52.379 52.469 52.517 52.537 52.556 52.644
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 52.681 52.702 52.724 52.773 52.79 52.819 52.862 52.887
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 52.906 52.922 52.933 52.947 52.961 52.962 52.97 53.07
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 53.157 53.285 53.298 53.319 53.365 53.373 53.378 53.459
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 53.556 53.559 53.599 53.63 53.636 53.655 53.676 53.696
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 53.738 53.744 53.754 53.82 53.832 53.859 53.867 53.884
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 53.886 53.914 53.919 53.983 53.995 54.043 54.081 54.11
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 54.208 54.289 54.314 54.336 54.406 54.407 54.425 54.459
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 54.467 54.496 54.518 54.64 54.655 54.745 54.757 54.777
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 54.791 54.907 54.926 54.978 54.985 55.078 55.088 55.089
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55.09 55.118 55.151 55.19 55.191 55.23 55.234 55.24
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55.292 55.322 55.373 55.448 55.471 55.491 55.527 55.558
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55.561 55.565 55.599 55.602 55.625 55.635 55.665 55.727
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55.729 55.73 55.737 55.764 55.769 55.803 55.855 55.861
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55.928 56.006 56.007 56.018 56.024 56.029 56.059 56.061
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 56.074 56.145 56.155 56.158 56.159 56.369 56.393 56.433
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 56.437 56.48 56.528 56.532 56.534 56.564 56.596 56.604
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 56.656 56.671 56.678 56.695 56.696 56.728 56.735 56.751
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 56.752 56.761 56.867 56.923 56.941 56.95 57.005 57.046
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 57.18 57.206 57.251 57.286 57.296 57.367 57.402 57.442
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 57.47 57.489 57.501 57.561 57.593 57.632 57.666 57.674
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 57.678 57.702 57.716 57.863 57.907 57.924 57.939 57.996
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 58.014 58.02 58.033 58.04 58.041 58.056 58.061 58.065
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 58.089 58.137 58.161 58.196 58.207 58.245 58.285 58.299
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 58.333 58.339 58.38112 58.39 58.42 58.447 58.45 58.453
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 58.474 58.5 58.53 58.55 58.553 58.556 58.69 58.766
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 58.796 58.811 58.816 58.909 58.968 59.1 59.164 59.201
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 59.28 59.285 59.298 59.319 59.32 59.339 59.371 59.412
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 59.421 59.426 59.443 59.448 59.461 59.489 59.504 59.507
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 59.545 59.6 59.62 59.631 59.65 59.685 59.723 59.797
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 59.82 59.837 59.908 59.923 59.942 59.957 59.963 60.022
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 60.026 60.06 60.11 60.137 60.187 60.19 60.222 60.223
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 60.236 60.246 60.308 60.328 60.351 60.363 60.377 60.396
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 60.405 60.413 60.43 60.461 60.47 60.523 60.542 60.66
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 60.765 60.77 60.782 60.834 60.835 60.838 60.909 60.916
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 60.96 61.036 61.05 61.134 61.195 61.21 61.271 61.31
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
## 61.34 61.366 61.368 61.406 61.448 61.456 61.484 61.489
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 61.51 61.557 61.6 61.623 61.685 61.728 61.765 61.788
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 61.8 61.817 61.818 61.888 61.93 61.999 62.008 62.013
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 62.038 62.05 62.069 62.082 62.094 62.155 62.192 62.247
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 62.325 62.351 62.361 62.4 62.485 62.494 62.61 62.612
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 62.649 62.677 62.681 62.698 62.728 62.742 62.745 62.82
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 62.842 62.879 62.944 62.974 63.01 63.012 63.03 63.04
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63.062 63.108 63.11888 63.154 63.179 63.196 63.3 63.306
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63.336 63.373 63.441 63.479 63.61 63.622 63.625 63.674
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63.727 63.728 63.739 63.785 63.837 63.87 63.883 63.96736
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63.983 64.03 64.048 64.062 64.071 64.1 64.134 64.151
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 64.164 64.266 64.274 64.28 64.337 64.342 64.36 64.361
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 64.39 64.399 64.406 64.492 64.531 64.59 64.597 64.624
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 64.698 64.75 64.766 64.77 64.79 64.82 64.9 64.93
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 64.94 64.951 65.032 65.033 65.042 65.044 65.142 65.152
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 65.2 65.205 65.246 65.256 65.39 65.393 65.4 65.421
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 65.424 65.483 65.5 65.525 65.528 65.554 65.57 65.593
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 65.61 65.634 65.712 65.742 65.77 65.798 65.799 65.815
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 65.843 65.86 65.869 65.9 65.94 65.949 66.041 66.046
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 66.071 66.084 66.099 66.146 66.216 66.22 66.234 66.295
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 66.322 66.353 66.399 66.41 66.458 66.55 66.6 66.61
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 66.653 66.66 66.662 66.711 66.798 66.8 66.803 66.87
## 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
## 66.874 66.894 66.91 66.914 66.974 66.983 67.044 67.046
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 67.052 67.057 67.064 67.065 67.123 67.13 67.159 67.178
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 67.217 67.231 67.274 67.297 67.298 67.378 67.405 67.41
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 67.45 67.456 67.48 67.49 67.5 67.51 67.521 67.64
## 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 67.65 67.659 67.66 67.662 67.69 67.712 67.727 67.734
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 67.744 67.768 67.81 67.84 67.849 67.85 67.86 67.926
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 67.946 67.96 68 68.015 68.042 68.225 68.253 68.29
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
## 68.3 68.386 68.421 68.426 68.44 68.457 68.468 68.481
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 68.5 68.54 68.557 68.564 68.565 68.588 68.673 68.681
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 68.69 68.7 68.73 68.74 68.75 68.755 68.757 68.768
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 68.832 68.835 68.9 68.93 68.976 68.978 69 69.011
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 69.03 69.052 69.1 69.12 69.15 69.152 69.17 69.18
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
## 69.21 69.24 69.249 69.26 69.292 69.343 69.36 69.388
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 69.39 69.4 69.451 69.46 69.465 69.481 69.49 69.498
## 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 69.5 69.51 69.521 69.53 69.535 69.54 69.58 69.582
## 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 69.61 69.613 69.615 69.62 69.66 69.69 69.718 69.72
## 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 69.745 69.76 69.772 69.806 69.81 69.819 69.82 69.83
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 69.86 69.862 69.885 69.9 69.906 69.942 69.95 69.957
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 69.96 69.978 70 70.001 70.11 70.14 70.162 70.19
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70.198 70.21 70.25 70.259 70.26 70.265 70.29 70.3
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
## 70.303 70.313 70.32 70.33 70.35 70.379 70.38 70.41
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 70.42 70.426 70.45 70.457 70.46 70.472 70.51 70.533
## 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70.56 70.565 70.59 70.616 70.63 70.636 70.64 70.647
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70.65 70.67 70.672 70.69 70.693 70.71 70.723 70.734
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70.736 70.75 70.755 70.76 70.774 70.78 70.795 70.8
## 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2
## 70.805 70.81 70.815 70.836 70.845 70.847 70.85 70.87
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70.9 70.93 70.94 70.96 70.964 70.97 70.98 70.99
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 70.994 71 71.006 71.028 71.04 71.06 71.063 71.08
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3
## 71.096 71.1 71.14 71.15 71.164 71.19 71.197 71.21
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 71.218 71.24 71.263 71.28 71.3 71.309 71.32 71.322
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 71.338 71.34 71.36 71.38 71.421 71.43 71.44 71.455
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 71.52 71.523 71.527 71.55 71.555 71.58 71.581 71.626
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 71.63 71.659 71.682 71.688 71.752 71.76 71.766 71.77
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 71.777 71.81 71.86 71.868 71.878 71.89 71.913 71.918
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 71.93 71.938 71.954 71.973 71.993 72 72.01 72.028
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 72.03 72.047 72.13 72.14 72.146 72.16 72.17 72.178
## 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
## 72.19 72.22 72.232 72.235 72.244 72.25 72.262 72.301
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 72.312 72.34 72.35 72.37 72.38 72.39 72.396 72.4
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 72.462 72.476 72.49 72.492 72.499 72.5 72.52 72.527
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
## 72.535 72.567 72.59 72.601 72.649 72.67 72.71 72.737
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 72.75 72.752 72.76 72.766 72.77 72.777 72.8 72.801
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 72.88 72.889 72.899 72.95 72.96 72.961 72.99 73.005
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 73.017 73.042 73.044 73.053 73.06 73.066 73.1 73.18
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 73.213 73.23 73.244 73.275 73.338 73.37 73.38 73.4
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 73.42 73.422 73.44 73.45 73.47 73.48 73.49 73.56
## 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1
## 73.6 73.615 73.64 73.67 73.68 73.717 73.73 73.738
## 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
## 73.747 73.75 73.78 73.8 73.82 73.83 73.84 73.911
## 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 73.923 73.925 73.93 73.952 73.981 74.002 74.01 74.04
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.06 74.08 74.09 74.101 74.126 74.143 74.16 74.173
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.174 74.193 74.21 74.223 74.241 74.249 74.26 74.32
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.34 74.36 74.39 74.414 74.45 74.46 74.543 74.55
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.63 74.647 74.65 74.663 74.67 74.69 74.712 74.72
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.74 74.752 74.772 74.795 74.8 74.83 74.847 74.852
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.86 74.865 74.876 74.89 74.902 74.917 74.94 74.98
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 74.994 75.007 75.02 75.13 75.19 75.24 75.25 75.307
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 75.32 75.33 75.35 75.37 75.38 75.39 75.435 75.44
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 75.445 75.45 75.467 75.51 75.537 75.563 75.6 75.635
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 75.64 75.651 75.7 75.713 75.744 75.748 75.76 75.788
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 75.816 75.89 75.97 76.04 76.05 76.07 76.09 76.11
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
## 76.122 76.151 76.156 76.195 76.2 76.21 76.3 76.32
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 76.33 76.34 76.384 76.42 76.423 76.442 76.46 76.486
## 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
## 76.66 76.67 76.81 76.83 76.86 76.9 76.904 76.93
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 76.99 77.03 77.045 77.11 77.13 77.158 77.18 77.19
## 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 77.218 77.23 77.26 77.29 77.31 77.32 77.34 77.41
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 77.42 77.44 77.46 77.51 77.53 77.55 77.56 77.57
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 77.588 77.601 77.778 77.783 77.86 77.869 77.926 77.95
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 78.03 78.098 78.123 78.16 78.242 78.256 78.269 78.273
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 78.32 78.332 78.37 78.4 78.471 78.53 78.553 78.61
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 78.623 78.64 78.67 78.746 78.77 78.782 78.82 78.83
## 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1
## 78.885 78.95 78.98 79.05 79.11 79.313 79.36 79.37
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 79.39 79.406 79.425 79.441 79.483 79.59 79.696 79.762
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 79.77 79.78 79.829 79.972 80 80.04 80.196 80.204
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 80.24 80.37 80.5 80.546 80.62 80.653 80.657 80.69
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 80.745 80.884 80.941 81.235 81.495 81.701 81.757 82
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 82.208 82.603
## 1 1prop.table(table(gapminder_tr$yasam_beklentısı))*100##
## 23.599 28.801 30 30.015 30.331 30.332 31.22
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 31.286 31.57 31.975 31.997 31.999 32.065 32.5
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 32.548 32.767 32.978 33.489 33.609 33.685 33.779
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 33.896 33.97 34 34.02 34.078 34.113 34.482
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 34.488 34.558 34.812 34.906 34.977 35.18 35.307
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 35.4 35.463 35.492 35.753 35.857 35.928 35.983
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 35.985 36.087 36.088 36.157 36.161 36.256 36.319
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 36.324 36.486 36.667 36.681 36.788 36.936 36.981
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 36.984 37.003 37.197 37.207 37.278 37.328 37.373
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 37.444 37.464 37.465 37.468 37.484 37.485 37.578
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 37.579 37.686 37.802 37.814 37.928 38.047 38.092
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 38.113 38.223 38.308 38.333 38.41 38.438 38.445
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 38.48 38.487 38.523 38.596 38.598 38.635 38.842
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 38.865 38.977 38.987 38.999 39.031 39.143 39.193
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 39.327 39.329 39.348 39.36 39.393 39.417 39.475
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 39.483 39.486 39.487 39.613 39.624 39.658 39.693
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 39.848 39.854 39.875 39.881 39.897 39.906 39.918
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 39.942 39.977 39.978 39.989 40 40.006 40.059
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 40.08 40.118 40.158 40.238 40.249 40.317 40.328
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 40.358 40.412 40.414 40.428 40.477 40.489 40.502
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 40.516 40.533 40.543 40.546 40.647 40.652 40.696
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 40.697 40.715 40.762 40.802 40.822 40.848 40.87
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 40.963 40.973 41.003 41.012 41.04 41.208 41.215
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 41.216 41.245 41.291 41.366 41.407 41.454 41.472
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 41.478 41.5 41.536 41.674 41.714 41.716 41.725
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 41.763 41.766 41.842 41.89 41.893 41.905 41.912
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 41.974 42.023 42.024 42.038 42.045 42.074 42.082
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.111 42.115 42.122 42.129 42.138 42.189 42.221
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.244 42.27 42.314 42.338 42.384 42.46 42.469
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.495 42.518 42.568 42.571 42.587 42.592 42.598
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.614 42.618 42.643 42.723 42.731 42.795 42.821
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.858 42.861 42.868 42.873 42.881 42.887 42.891
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 42.955 42.974 43 43.077 43.149 43.158 43.16
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 43.165 43.266 43.308 43.413 43.415 43.424 43.428
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 43.436 43.453 43.457 43.487 43.515 43.548 43.563
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 43.585 43.59 43.591 43.601 43.605 43.662 43.753
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 43.764 43.767 43.795 43.828 43.869 43.89 43.902
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 43.916 43.922 43.971 44 44.02 44.026 44.056
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 44.057 44.077 44.1 44.142 44.175 44.246 44.248
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 44.284 44.366 44.444 44.467 44.501 44.50136 44.51
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 44.514 44.535 44.555 44.578 44.593 44.598 44.6
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 44.665 44.686 44.736 44.741 44.779 44.799 44.851
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 44.852 44.869 44.873 44.885 44.916 44.93 44.966
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 44.992 45 45.009 45.032 45.047 45.053 45.083
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 45.108 45.226 45.248 45.252 45.262 45.289 45.32
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 45.326 45.344 45.363 45.415 45.423 45.432 45.504
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 45.548 45.552 45.557 45.569 45.58 45.642 45.664
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 45.669 45.671 45.678 45.685 45.757 45.815 45.826
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 45.883 45.91 45.914 45.928 45.936 45.964 45.989
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.023 46.027 46.066 46.1 46.137 46.218 46.242
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.243 46.263 46.289 46.344 46.364 46.388 46.452
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.453 46.462 46.471 46.472 46.519 46.608 46.633
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.634 46.684 46.714 46.748 46.769 46.775 46.809
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.832 46.859 46.881 46.886 46.923 46.954 46.988
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 46.992 47.014 47.049 47.1 47.181 47.193 47.35
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 47.36 47.383 47.391 47.412 47.453 47.457 47.464
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 47.471 47.472 47.495 47.545 47.62 47.622 47.67
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 47.747 47.752 47.768 47.784 47.8 47.804 47.808
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 47.813 47.838 47.924 47.949 47.985 47.991 48.041
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 48.042 48.051 48.072 48.079 48.091 48.122 48.126
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 48.127 48.159 48.211 48.245 48.251 48.284 48.295
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 48.303 48.328 48.357 48.386 48.388 48.435 48.437
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 48.451 48.463 48.466 48.492 48.57 48.576 48.632
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 48.69 48.812 48.825 48.879 48.944 48.945 48.969
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.096 49.113 49.19 49.203 49.265 49.293 49.325
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.339 49.348 49.35 49.355 49.379 49.396 49.402
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.42 49.517 49.552 49.557 49.579 49.58 49.594
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.618 49.651 49.759 49.767 49.8 49.801 49.828
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.849 49.856 49.875 49.901 49.903 49.919 49.923
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 49.951 49.991 50.009 50.016 50.023 50.04 50.056
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 50.107 50.227 50.254 50.26 50.305 50.324 50.335
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 50.338 50.35 50.43 50.44 50.469 50.485 50.525
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 50.54896 50.608 50.643 50.65 50.651 50.654 50.725
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 50.728 50.789 50.821 50.848 50.852 50.904 50.917
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 50.924 50.939 50.957 50.986 50.992 51.016 51.051
## 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 51.137 51.159 51.253 51.313 51.334 51.356 51.386
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 51.407 51.445 51.455 51.457 51.461 51.479 51.509
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 51.52 51.535 51.542 51.573 51.579 51.604 51.629
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 51.631 51.724 51.744 51.756 51.818 51.821 51.884
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 51.893 51.927 51.929 52.04 52.044 52.053 52.098
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 52.102 52.143 52.199 52.208 52.214 52.295 52.307
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 52.337 52.358 52.374 52.379 52.469 52.517 52.537
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 52.556 52.644 52.681 52.702 52.724 52.773 52.79
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 52.819 52.862 52.887 52.906 52.922 52.933 52.947
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 52.961 52.962 52.97 53.07 53.157 53.285 53.298
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 53.319 53.365 53.373 53.378 53.459 53.556 53.559
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 53.599 53.63 53.636 53.655 53.676 53.696 53.738
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 53.744 53.754 53.82 53.832 53.859 53.867 53.884
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 53.886 53.914 53.919 53.983 53.995 54.043 54.081
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 54.11 54.208 54.289 54.314 54.336 54.406 54.407
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 54.425 54.459 54.467 54.496 54.518 54.64 54.655
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 54.745 54.757 54.777 54.791 54.907 54.926 54.978
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 54.985 55.078 55.088 55.089 55.09 55.118 55.151
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 55.19 55.191 55.23 55.234 55.24 55.292 55.322
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 55.373 55.448 55.471 55.491 55.527 55.558 55.561
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 55.565 55.599 55.602 55.625 55.635 55.665 55.727
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 55.729 55.73 55.737 55.764 55.769 55.803 55.855
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 55.861 55.928 56.006 56.007 56.018 56.024 56.029
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 56.059 56.061 56.074 56.145 56.155 56.158 56.159
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 56.369 56.393 56.433 56.437 56.48 56.528 56.532
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 56.534 56.564 56.596 56.604 56.656 56.671 56.678
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 56.695 56.696 56.728 56.735 56.751 56.752 56.761
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 56.867 56.923 56.941 56.95 57.005 57.046 57.18
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 57.206 57.251 57.286 57.296 57.367 57.402 57.442
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 57.47 57.489 57.501 57.561 57.593 57.632 57.666
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 57.674 57.678 57.702 57.716 57.863 57.907 57.924
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 57.939 57.996 58.014 58.02 58.033 58.04 58.041
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 58.056 58.061 58.065 58.089 58.137 58.161 58.196
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 58.207 58.245 58.285 58.299 58.333 58.339 58.38112
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 58.39 58.42 58.447 58.45 58.453 58.474 58.5
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 58.53 58.55 58.553 58.556 58.69 58.766 58.796
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 58.811 58.816 58.909 58.968 59.1 59.164 59.201
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 59.28 59.285 59.298 59.319 59.32 59.339 59.371
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 59.412 59.421 59.426 59.443 59.448 59.461 59.489
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 59.504 59.507 59.545 59.6 59.62 59.631 59.65
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 59.685 59.723 59.797 59.82 59.837 59.908 59.923
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 59.942 59.957 59.963 60.022 60.026 60.06 60.11
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 60.137 60.187 60.19 60.222 60.223 60.236 60.246
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 60.308 60.328 60.351 60.363 60.377 60.396 60.405
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 60.413 60.43 60.461 60.47 60.523 60.542 60.66
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 60.765 60.77 60.782 60.834 60.835 60.838 60.909
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 60.916 60.96 61.036 61.05 61.134 61.195 61.21
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 61.271 61.31 61.34 61.366 61.368 61.406 61.448
## 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 61.456 61.484 61.489 61.51 61.557 61.6 61.623
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 61.685 61.728 61.765 61.788 61.8 61.817 61.818
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 61.888 61.93 61.999 62.008 62.013 62.038 62.05
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 62.069 62.082 62.094 62.155 62.192 62.247 62.325
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 62.351 62.361 62.4 62.485 62.494 62.61 62.612
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 62.649 62.677 62.681 62.698 62.728 62.742 62.745
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 62.82 62.842 62.879 62.944 62.974 63.01 63.012
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 63.03 63.04 63.062 63.108 63.11888 63.154 63.179
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 63.196 63.3 63.306 63.336 63.373 63.441 63.479
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 63.61 63.622 63.625 63.674 63.727 63.728 63.739
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 63.785 63.837 63.87 63.883 63.96736 63.983 64.03
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 64.048 64.062 64.071 64.1 64.134 64.151 64.164
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 64.266 64.274 64.28 64.337 64.342 64.36 64.361
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 64.39 64.399 64.406 64.492 64.531 64.59 64.597
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 64.624 64.698 64.75 64.766 64.77 64.79 64.82
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 64.9 64.93 64.94 64.951 65.032 65.033 65.042
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 65.044 65.142 65.152 65.2 65.205 65.246 65.256
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 65.39 65.393 65.4 65.421 65.424 65.483 65.5
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 65.525 65.528 65.554 65.57 65.593 65.61 65.634
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 65.712 65.742 65.77 65.798 65.799 65.815 65.843
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 65.86 65.869 65.9 65.94 65.949 66.041 66.046
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 66.071 66.084 66.099 66.146 66.216 66.22 66.234
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 66.295 66.322 66.353 66.399 66.41 66.458 66.55
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 66.6 66.61 66.653 66.66 66.662 66.711 66.798
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 66.8 66.803 66.87 66.874 66.894 66.91 66.914
## 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 66.974 66.983 67.044 67.046 67.052 67.057 67.064
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 67.065 67.123 67.13 67.159 67.178 67.217 67.231
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 67.274 67.297 67.298 67.378 67.405 67.41 67.45
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 67.456 67.48 67.49 67.5 67.51 67.521 67.64
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 67.65 67.659 67.66 67.662 67.69 67.712 67.727
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 67.734 67.744 67.768 67.81 67.84 67.849 67.85
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 67.86 67.926 67.946 67.96 68 68.015 68.042
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 68.225 68.253 68.29 68.3 68.386 68.421 68.426
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 68.44 68.457 68.468 68.481 68.5 68.54 68.557
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 68.564 68.565 68.588 68.673 68.681 68.69 68.7
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 68.73 68.74 68.75 68.755 68.757 68.768 68.832
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 68.835 68.9 68.93 68.976 68.978 69 69.011
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.03 69.052 69.1 69.12 69.15 69.152 69.17
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.18 69.21 69.24 69.249 69.26 69.292 69.343
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.36 69.388 69.39 69.4 69.451 69.46 69.465
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.23474178 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.481 69.49 69.498 69.5 69.51 69.521 69.53
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.535 69.54 69.58 69.582 69.61 69.613 69.615
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.62 69.66 69.69 69.718 69.72 69.745 69.76
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.772 69.806 69.81 69.819 69.82 69.83 69.86
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.862 69.885 69.9 69.906 69.942 69.95 69.957
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 69.96 69.978 70 70.001 70.11 70.14 70.162
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.19 70.198 70.21 70.25 70.259 70.26 70.265
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.29 70.3 70.303 70.313 70.32 70.33 70.35
## 0.11737089 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 70.379 70.38 70.41 70.42 70.426 70.45 70.457
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.46 70.472 70.51 70.533 70.56 70.565 70.59
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.616 70.63 70.636 70.64 70.647 70.65 70.67
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.672 70.69 70.693 70.71 70.723 70.734 70.736
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.75 70.755 70.76 70.774 70.78 70.795 70.8
## 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 70.805 70.81 70.815 70.836 70.845 70.847 70.85
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.87 70.9 70.93 70.94 70.96 70.964 70.97
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 70.98 70.99 70.994 71 71.006 71.028 71.04
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.06 71.063 71.08 71.096 71.1 71.14 71.15
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.164 71.19 71.197 71.21 71.218 71.24 71.263
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.28 71.3 71.309 71.32 71.322 71.338 71.34
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 71.36 71.38 71.421 71.43 71.44 71.455 71.52
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 71.523 71.527 71.55 71.555 71.58 71.581 71.626
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.63 71.659 71.682 71.688 71.752 71.76 71.766
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.77 71.777 71.81 71.86 71.868 71.878 71.89
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 71.913 71.918 71.93 71.938 71.954 71.973 71.993
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72 72.01 72.028 72.03 72.047 72.13 72.14
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 72.146 72.16 72.17 72.178 72.19 72.22 72.232
## 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.235 72.244 72.25 72.262 72.301 72.312 72.34
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.35 72.37 72.38 72.39 72.396 72.4 72.462
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.476 72.49 72.492 72.499 72.5 72.52 72.527
## 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.535 72.567 72.59 72.601 72.649 72.67 72.71
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.737 72.75 72.752 72.76 72.766 72.77 72.777
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 72.8 72.801 72.88 72.889 72.899 72.95 72.96
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 72.961 72.99 73.005 73.017 73.042 73.044 73.053
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.06 73.066 73.1 73.18 73.213 73.23 73.244
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.275 73.338 73.37 73.38 73.4 73.42 73.422
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.44 73.45 73.47 73.48 73.49 73.56 73.6
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.615 73.64 73.67 73.68 73.717 73.73 73.738
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.747 73.75 73.78 73.8 73.82 73.83 73.84
## 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 73.911 73.923 73.925 73.93 73.952 73.981 74.002
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.01 74.04 74.06 74.08 74.09 74.101 74.126
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.143 74.16 74.173 74.174 74.193 74.21 74.223
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.241 74.249 74.26 74.32 74.34 74.36 74.39
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.414 74.45 74.46 74.543 74.55 74.63 74.647
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 74.65 74.663 74.67 74.69 74.712 74.72 74.74
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.752 74.772 74.795 74.8 74.83 74.847 74.852
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.86 74.865 74.876 74.89 74.902 74.917 74.94
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 74.98 74.994 75.007 75.02 75.13 75.19 75.24
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 75.25 75.307 75.32 75.33 75.35 75.37 75.38
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 75.39 75.435 75.44 75.445 75.45 75.467 75.51
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 75.537 75.563 75.6 75.635 75.64 75.651 75.7
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 75.713 75.744 75.748 75.76 75.788 75.816 75.89
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 75.97 76.04 76.05 76.07 76.09 76.11 76.122
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545
## 76.151 76.156 76.195 76.2 76.21 76.3 76.32
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 76.33 76.34 76.384 76.42 76.423 76.442 76.46
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 76.486 76.66 76.67 76.81 76.83 76.86 76.9
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 76.904 76.93 76.99 77.03 77.045 77.11 77.13
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 77.158 77.18 77.19 77.218 77.23 77.26 77.29
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 77.31 77.32 77.34 77.41 77.42 77.44 77.46
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 77.51 77.53 77.55 77.56 77.57 77.588 77.601
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 77.778 77.783 77.86 77.869 77.926 77.95 78.03
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089
## 78.098 78.123 78.16 78.242 78.256 78.269 78.273
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 78.32 78.332 78.37 78.4 78.471 78.53 78.553
## 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 78.61 78.623 78.64 78.67 78.746 78.77 78.782
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.11737089 0.05868545 0.17605634 0.05868545
## 78.82 78.83 78.885 78.95 78.98 79.05 79.11
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 79.313 79.36 79.37 79.39 79.406 79.425 79.441
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 79.483 79.59 79.696 79.762 79.77 79.78 79.829
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 79.972 80 80.04 80.196 80.204 80.24 80.37
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 80.5 80.546 80.62 80.653 80.657 80.69 80.745
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 80.884 80.941 81.235 81.495 81.701 81.757 82
## 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545 0.05868545
## 82.208 82.603
## 0.05868545 0.05868545Not: Aşağıdaki soruları gapminder_tr veri setini kullanarak yanıtlayın.
3.a) Kıta (continent) değişkenine ait frekans tablosunu oluşturunuz.
table(gapminder_tr$kita)##
## Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
## 624 300 396 360 24prop.table(table(gapminder_tr$kita))*100##
## Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
## 36.619718 17.605634 23.239437 21.126761 1.4084513.b) Aynı değişken için yüzde (%) dağılımını hesaplayınız.
gapminder_tr %>%
count(kita) %>%
mutate(yuzde=round((n/sum(n))*100,2))## # A tibble: 5 × 3
## kita n yuzde
## <fct> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Africa 624 36.6
## 2 Americas 300 17.6
## 3 Asia 396 23.2
## 4 Europe 360 21.1
## 5 Oceania 24 1.41Soru 4 – Saçılım Diyagramı ve Korelasyon
4.a) Yaşam beklentisi (lifeExp) ile kişi başına düşen gelir (gdpPercap) arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren bir saçılım diyagramı oluşturunuz. Eksen adlarını ve grafiğin başlığını ekleyiniz.
ggplot(gapminder_tr,aes(x=yasam_beklentısı,y=kisi_basi_gelir))+
geom_point()+
labs(x="yasam beklentisi",
y="kişi başına düşen gelir",
title="yaşam beklentisi ve kişi başına düşen gelir arasındaki ilişki")
4.b) Bu iki değişken arasındaki korelasyon katsayısını hesaplayınız ve korelasyon katsayısını yorumlayınız.
Soru 5 – Basit Doğrusal Regresyon
5.a) Kişi başına düşen gelirin (gdpPercap), yaşam beklentisini (lifeExp) yordayıp yordamadığını test eden bir basit doğrusal regresyon modeli kurunuz.
gapminder_tr_mod<-lm(kisi_basi_gelir~yasam_beklentısı,data=gapminder_tr)
summary(gapminder_tr_mod)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = kisi_basi_gelir ~ yasam_beklentısı, data = gapminder_tr)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -11483 -4539 -1223 2482 106950
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -19277.25 914.09 -21.09 <2e-16 ***
## yasam_beklentısı 445.44 15.02 29.66 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 8006 on 1702 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3407, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3403
## F-statistic: 879.6 on 1 and 1702 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-165.b) Regresyon çıktısından aşağıdaki bilgileri bulunuz ve yorumlayınız:
eğim (β₁)
kesişim (β₀)
R-kare (R²)
coef(gapminder_tr)## Warning: Unknown or uninitialised column: `coefficients`.## NULL5.c) Yaşam beklentisi (yasam_beklentisi) ile kişi başına düşen gelir (kisi_basi_gelir) arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren bir saçılım diyagramı oluşturunuz. Grafiğe uygun eksen adlarını ve bir başlık ekleyiniz. Bu grafiğin üzerine basit doğrusal regresyon çizgisini ekleyiniz.
ggplot(gapminder_tr, aes(x=yasam_beklentısı,y=kisi_basi_gelir))+
geom_point()+
labs(x="yasam_beklentisi" ,
y="kisi_basi_gelir",
title = "yasam beklentisi ve kisi basina gelir arası ilişki")