Table 4. Key Outcomes Summary
Physiological and molecular responses to whole-body heat exposure
Category Outcome Summary
Acute Effect MVC ↓ Reduced muscle strength after heat (~10%)
Acute Effect Endurance ↓ Faster fatigue under heat (~17%)
Acute Effect Fatigue Index ↑ Greater decline across contractions
Adaptive Response Heat shock genes ↑ HSP70, HSF1, HSP90 upregulated
Adaptive Response Mitochondrial genes ↑ PGC-1α, VEGF, mitochondrial markers ↑
Adaptive Response Antioxidant genes ↑ NRF2 target and detox enzymes ↑