## Reading layer `india_pc_2019' from data source `D:\R Manan\india_pc_2019.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 543 features and 5 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 68.09348 ymin: 6.762522 xmax: 97.4115 ymax: 37.07761
## Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
## Reading layer `AC_All_Final' from data source `D:\R Manan\AC_All_Final.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 4109 features and 22 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 68.39486 ymin: 8.085596 xmax: 97.34946 ymax: 37.029
## Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
## Reading layer `S01_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S01_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 42 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 76.76844 ymin: 12.61811 xmax: 84.72185 ymax: 19.89846
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S02_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S02_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 2 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 91.57633 ymin: 26.66514 xmax: 97.33561 ymax: 29.45387
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S03_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S03_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 14 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 89.69727 ymin: 24.1315 xmax: 96.00798 ymax: 27.97176
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S04_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S04_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 40 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 83.31628 ymin: 24.29819 xmax: 88.29557 ymax: 27.50908
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S05_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S05_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 2 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 73.67436 ymin: 14.82266 xmax: 74.31654 ymax: 15.80822
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S06_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S06_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 26 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 68.13712 ymin: 20.12196 xmax: 74.47315 ymax: 24.72141
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S07_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S07_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 10 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 74.47218 ymin: 27.65826 xmax: 77.59566 ymax: 30.92601
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S08_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S08_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 4 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 75.59004 ymin: 30.36724 xmax: 78.99827 ymax: 33.24824
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S09_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S09_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 6 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 72.50445 ymin: 32.27073 xmax: 80.34719 ymax: 37.08628
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S10_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S10_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 28 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 74.09125 ymin: 11.57897 xmax: 78.58138 ymax: 18.40885
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S11_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S11_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 20 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 74.86528 ymin: 8.300728 xmax: 77.39819 ymax: 12.7838
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S12_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S12_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 29 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 74.03756 ymin: 21.07585 xmax: 82.82757 ymax: 26.88474
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S13_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S13_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 48 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 72.64796 ymin: 15.61792 xmax: 80.90583 ymax: 22.03334
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S14_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S14_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 2 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 92.99231 ymin: 23.83172 xmax: 94.73974 ymax: 25.68343
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S15_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S15_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 2 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 89.81866 ymin: 25.04163 xmax: 92.79464 ymax: 26.08741
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S16_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S16_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 92.26194 ymin: 21.96204 xmax: 93.41088 ymax: 24.50974
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S17_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S17_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 93.3207 ymin: 25.18717 xmax: 95.2307 ymax: 27.02289
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S18_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S18_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 21 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 81.39276 ymin: 17.80603 xmax: 87.48205 ymax: 22.55698
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S19_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S19_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 13 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 73.88699 ymin: 29.54125 xmax: 76.91553 ymax: 32.50327
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S20_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S20_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 25 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 69.48665 ymin: 23.06137 xmax: 78.23589 ymax: 30.18147
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S21_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S21_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 88.03938 ymin: 27.06685 xmax: 88.94105 ymax: 28.09681
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S22_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S22_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 39 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 76.25029 ymin: 8.079464 xmax: 80.35162 ymax: 13.53373
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S23_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S23_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 2 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 91.16034 ymin: 22.97016 xmax: 92.32923 ymax: 24.5137
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S24_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S24_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 80 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 77.05726 ymin: 23.87208 xmax: 84.59078 ymax: 30.39554
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S25_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S25_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 42 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 85.8359 ymin: 21.52963 xmax: 89.85728 ymax: 27.22153
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S26_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S26_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 11 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 80.2699 ymin: 17.78175 xmax: 84.40251 ymax: 24.12113
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S27_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S27_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 14 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 83.33908 ymin: 21.97005 xmax: 87.92093 ymax: 25.3437
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `S28_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\S28_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 5 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 77.58587 ymin: 28.72287 xmax: 81.0364 ymax: 31.45832
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U01_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U01_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 92.19308 ymin: 6.783311 xmax: 94.24142 ymax: 13.60182
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U02_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U02_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 76.70246 ymin: 30.66425 xmax: 76.85027 ymax: 30.79519
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U03_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U03_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 72.91532 ymin: 20.05674 xmax: 73.22274 ymax: 20.37175
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U04_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U04_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 70.87239 ymin: 20.37536 xmax: 72.90511 ymax: 20.7487
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U05_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U05_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 7 features and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 76.83973 ymin: 28.40269 xmax: 77.34511 ymax: 28.88233
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U06_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U06_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 71.69084 ymin: 8.248607 xmax: 73.98709 ymax: 12.32068
## CRS:           NA
## Reading layer `U07_PC' from data source `D:\R Manan\U07_PC.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
## Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 10 fields
## Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 75.52464 ymin: 10.83787 xmax: 82.31285 ymax: 16.75742
## CRS:           NA

Distribution of INC Win Times
win_times n
never contested 28
never won 259
won once 164
won three or more times 38
won twice 55
Distribution of Median Vote Share Categories
median_votes_cat n
45% and above 36
between 16–35% 146
between 35–45% 158
less than 16% 176

Percentage of INC candidates who recontested next general election (1991–2024)
Year 3rd and below Runner-up Winner
1991 12.64 27.22 70.90
1996 14.84 28.63 80.71
1998 14.69 38.36 82.27
1999 14.63 28.24 71.05
2004 13.86 28.65 73.79
2009 16.67 30.56 77.18
2014 22.45 25.00 63.64
2019 10.00 16.75 69.23 
## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

Percentage of BJP candidates who recontested next general election (1991–2024)
Year 3rd and below Runner-up Winner
1991 24.00 28.79 72.50
1996 10.90 41.41 89.44
1998 13.58 48.80 84.07
1999 26.67 26.79 82.42
2004 16.13 36.84 59.42
2009 15.46 33.64 67.24
2014 17.39 42.59 59.93
2019 14.75 29.17 55.78 

## 
## =============================================
##                       Dependent variable:    
##                   ---------------------------
##                            Re_binary         
## ---------------------------------------------
## vote_share                 0.070***          
##                             (0.004)          
##                                              
## Constant                   -2.278***         
##                             (0.138)          
##                                              
## ---------------------------------------------
## Observations                 1,675           
## Log Likelihood             -940.060          
## Akaike Inf. Crit.          1,884.121         
## =============================================
## Note:             *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
## 
## =============================================
##                       Dependent variable:    
##                   ---------------------------
##                            Re_binary         
## ---------------------------------------------
## vote_share                 0.063***          
##                             (0.003)          
##                                              
## Constant                   -2.600***         
##                             (0.135)          
##                                              
## ---------------------------------------------
## Observations                 2,376           
## Log Likelihood            -1,375.398         
## Akaike Inf. Crit.          2,754.797         
## =============================================
## Note:             *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01

## 
## =============================================
##                       Dependent variable:    
##                   ---------------------------
##                            Re_binary         
## ---------------------------------------------
## vote_share                 0.040***          
##                             (0.003)          
##                                              
## Constant                   -1.825***         
##                             (0.149)          
##                                              
## ---------------------------------------------
## Observations                 1,297           
## Log Likelihood             -804.202          
## Akaike Inf. Crit.          1,612.403         
## =============================================
## Note:             *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
## 
## =============================================
##                       Dependent variable:    
##                   ---------------------------
##                            Re_binary         
## ---------------------------------------------
## vote_share                 0.053***          
##                             (0.004)          
##                                              
## Constant                   -2.319***         
##                             (0.158)          
##                                              
## ---------------------------------------------
## Observations                 1,325           
## Log Likelihood             -750.313          
## Akaike Inf. Crit.          1,504.627         
## =============================================
## Note:             *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01