Figure 3: Bar Chart (Cross-section) using a Tibble

Figure 3 presents a cross-sectional comparison of adult literacy rates across ten selected countries for a single year. The bar chart highlights differences in literacy levels at a specific point in time, making it easy to compare educational outcomes across countries.

Figure 4: Box Plot (Distribution of Literacy Rates)

Figure 4 shows the distribution of adult literacy rates across countries for a selected year using a box plot.The box plot summarizes the median, spread, and potential outliers in literacy rates, providing insight into global inequality in educational attainment at a single point in time.

Figure 5: Global vs India Distribution of Adult Literacy Rates

Figure 5 compares the distribution of adult literacy rates globally with those observed in India using overlaid density plots.The comparison highlights how India’s literacy trajectory relates to the overall global distribution, illustrating differences in central tendency and spread over time.

Figure 6: Heatmap of Adult Literacy Rates (Country × Year)

Figure 6 presents a heatmap of adult literacy rates by country and year.Color intensity represents literacy levels, allowing patterns of improvement over time and differences across countries to be quickly identified.

Figure 7: Dumbbell Chart: Change in Literacy Rates Over Time

Figure 7 uses a dumbbell chart to compare adult literacy rates across two time points for selected countries. The chart highlights both the magnitude and direction of change, making it easy to see which countries experienced the largest improvements over time.