Pain Management Support Group (PMSG)

Complete 8-Week Curriculum

Program Structure: 80 total contact hours - Format: 4 sessions per week × 2.5 hours each = 10 hours/week - Duration: 8 weeks (32 total sessions) - Cohort Size: 12-20 participants per group - Setting: In-person group sessions


WEEK 1: UNDERSTANDING PAIN - The Science Behind What You Feel

Learning Objectives

  • Define nociception vs. pain perception
  • Explain the pain pathway from periphery to brain
  • Understand Gate Control Theory and practical applications
  • Identify different types of pain (acute, chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic)

Session 1.1: Pain Fundamentals

Education Module 1 (30 min) - What is Pain? Nociception vs. perception - Pain pathway: Transduction → Transmission → Modulation → Perception - Acute vs. Chronic pain distinctions

Movement Practice (45 min): Gentle stretching and body awareness

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Pain Types: - Nociceptive (tissue damage) - Neuropathic (nerve damage) - Nociplastic (central sensitization) - Mixed presentations

Group Discussion (30 min): Personal pain experiences and patterns

Assessments: Baseline BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) and ODI (Oswestry Disability Index)

Visual Aids Needed: - Pain pathway diagram (nociceptor → spinal cord → brain) - Pain types comparison chart - Acute vs. chronic pain timeline


Session 1.2: The Pain Pathway - From Injury to Brain

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Peripheral Nociceptors: A-delta (sharp, fast), C fibers (dull, slow) - Spinal Cord Processing: Dorsal horn, wide dynamic range neurons - Ascending Tracts: Spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic

Movement Practice (45 min): Introduction to Tai Chi basics

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Brain Processing Centers: - Sensory cortex (location, intensity) - Limbic system (emotional response) - Prefrontal cortex (meaning, context) - Pain as a Threat Response: Evolutionary perspective

Group Discussion (30 min): How emotions affect pain perception

Visual Aids Needed: - Brain pain processing diagram - Spinothalamic tract pathway illustration - Emotional brain regions (limbic system) chart


Session 1.3: Gate Control Theory - You Have More Control Than You Think

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Melzack & Wall 1965: Revolutionary pain theory - The “Gate” Mechanism: Substantia gelatinosa in dorsal horn - A-beta Fibers: Large, fast fibers that “close the gate” - How Rubbing Helps: Non-painful input blocks pain signals

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong introduction

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Descending Modulation: Brain can “turn down” pain - Periaqueductal gray (PAG) - Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) - Endogenous opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine - Practical Applications: - Heat/cold therapy - TENS units - Massage - Movement

Group Discussion (30 min): What makes pain better or worse for you?

Visual Aids Needed: - Gate Control Theory diagram - Descending pain modulation pathway - Practical gate-closing techniques chart


Session 1.4: Central Sensitization - When Pain Becomes Amplified

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Wind-Up: Repeated C-fiber input → amplified response - NMDA Receptor Activation: Glutamate signaling changes - Microglial Activation: Neuroinflammation in spinal cord - Clinical Manifestations: - Hyperalgesia (increased pain to painful stimuli) - Allodynia (pain from non-painful stimuli)

Movement Practice (45 min): Gentle yoga introduction

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Reversibility: Central sensitization CAN be reduced - Strategies: - Gradual movement (not rest) - Stress reduction - Sleep optimization - Pain neuroscience education - Expectations: Progress is gradual, not linear

Group Discussion (30 min): Signs of central sensitization in your experience

Visual Aids Needed: - Central sensitization progression diagram - Hyperalgesia vs. allodynia illustrations - Wind-up mechanism chart


WEEK 2: PAIN ASSESSMENT & SELF-MANAGEMENT

Learning Objectives

  • Learn validated pain assessment tools (BPI, ODI)
  • Develop pain journaling skills
  • Set SMART goals for pain management
  • Understand activity pacing and energy conservation

Session 2.1: Pain Assessment Tools

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): - Pain severity (4 items: worst, least, average, current) - Pain interference (7 domains: activity, mood, walking, work, relationships, sleep, enjoyment) - Scoring: 0-10 numeric rating scale - Clinical significance: ≥2 point change

Movement Practice (45 min): Tai Chi - Weight shifting

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Oswestry Disability Index (ODI): - 10 sections: pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, traveling, employment/homemaking - Scoring: 0-50 total (0-20% minimal, 21-40% moderate, 41-60% severe, 61-80% crippled, 81-100% bed-bound) - Sensitivity: Detects 10-point changes

Group Discussion (30 min): Completing your first BPI and ODI

Assessments: Week 2 BPI/ODI/Functional assessments

Visual Aids Needed: - BPI form walkthrough - ODI interpretation chart - Pain interference domains illustration


Session 2.2: Pain Journaling & Pattern Recognition

Education Module 1 (30 min) - What to Track: - Pain intensity (0-10) - Location and quality - Activities performed - Medications taken - Sleep quality - Mood - Triggers identified - Relief strategies used

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong - Breathing coordination

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Pattern Recognition: - Time of day patterns - Activity-pain relationships - Weather influences - Stress connections - Medication effectiveness - Digital vs. Paper: Apps vs. journals (participant choice)

Activity (30 min): Start your pain journal - first entry together

Visual Aids Needed: - Sample pain journal pages - Pattern recognition examples - Trigger identification flowchart


Session 2.3: Goal Setting - SMART Goals for Pain Management

Education Module 1 (30 min) - SMART Framework: - Specific: “Walk 15 minutes daily” not “exercise more” - Measurable: Quantifiable outcomes - Achievable: Realistic given current function - Relevant: Meaningful to YOUR life - Time-bound: Specific timeline

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Balance and stability

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Types of Goals: - Functional (activities of daily living) - Physical (strength, flexibility, endurance) - Emotional (mood, stress management) - Social (relationships, participation) - Avoiding Common Pitfalls: - Too aggressive initially - Pain-contingent (don’t wait for pain to be gone) - All-or-nothing thinking

Activity (30 min): Write your first 3 SMART goals

Visual Aids Needed: - SMART goal template - Good vs. poor goal examples - Goal progression ladder


Session 2.4: Activity Pacing & Energy Conservation

Education Module 1 (30 min) - The Boom-Bust Cycle: - Good day → Overdo → Pain flare → Rest excessively → Decondition → Repeat - Breaking the cycle - Activity Pacing Principles: - Consistent baseline activity (even on good days) - Gradual progression (10% rule) - Planned rest breaks - Task modification/delegation

Movement Practice (45 min): Tai Chi - Flow and continuity

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Energy Conservation Techniques: - Body mechanics (lifting, bending) - Ergonomics (workspace, sleep environment) - Assistive devices (when appropriate) - Time management - Pacing Examples: - Vacuuming: 10 min intervals with 5 min breaks - Gardening: Use kneeling pad, alternate tasks - Grocery shopping: Use cart, multiple trips if needed

Activity (30 min): Identify your boom-bust patterns and create pacing plan

Visual Aids Needed: - Boom-bust cycle diagram - Activity pacing timeline example - Proper body mechanics illustrations


WEEK 3: MOVEMENT & PHYSICAL THERAPY

Learning Objectives

  • Understand exercise-induced analgesia mechanisms
  • Learn Tai Chi, Qi Gong, and Yoga fundamentals
  • Identify appropriate exercises for specific pain conditions
  • Overcome fear-avoidance and kinesiophobia

Session 3.1: The Science of Movement & Pain

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Exercise-Induced Analgesia (EIA): - Endogenous opioid release (beta-endorphins) - Endocannabinoid system activation - Reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) - Increased anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10) - Neuroplasticity: Movement retrains pain pathways

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Gentle flow sequence

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Evidence for Movement Therapies: - Tai Chi: SMD -0.54 for osteoarthritis, -0.81 for low back pain - Yoga: SMD -0.48 for chronic pain conditions - Qi Gong: Significant pain reduction in fibromyalgia, neck pain - Minimum Effective Dose: 5-6 weeks, 2-3x/week, 30+ min/session

Group Discussion (30 min): Overcoming barriers to movement

Assessments: Week 3 BPI/ODI/Functional assessments

Visual Aids Needed: - EIA mechanism flowchart - Meta-analysis forest plots (Tai Chi, Yoga effectiveness) - Progressive exercise timeline


Session 3.2: Tai Chi Deep Dive

Education Module 1 (30 min) - History & Philosophy: - Origins in martial arts and Taoism - Yin-Yang balance principle - Qi cultivation and flow - Mind-body integration - Core Principles: - Slow, continuous movement - Weight shifting - Relaxed but upright posture - Mental focus/meditation

Movement Practice (60 min): Extended Tai Chi practice session

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Biomechanics of Tai Chi: - Weight distribution (60/40, 70/30) - Core engagement without tension - Joint protection through proper alignment - Breathing coordination with movement - Common Forms: Yang style (most common for pain management)

Visual Aids Needed: - Tai Chi form sequence photos - Proper vs. improper posture comparisons - Breathing pattern diagrams


Session 3.3: Qi Gong Deep Dive

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Traditional Chinese Medicine Context: - Meridian system overview - Qi blockage and pain - Five elements theory - Modern scientific interpretation - Types of Qi Gong: - Medical (healing) - Martial (strength) - Spiritual (meditation)

Movement Practice (60 min): Qi Gong - Full practice session

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Specific Forms for Pain: - Eight Brocades (Ba Duan Jin): Classic health maintenance - Five Animal Frolics (Wu Qin Xi): Biomimicry movements - Six Healing Sounds: Organ-specific practices - Acupressure Points for Self-Care: - LI4, GB20, LV3, SP6, ST36, PC6

Visual Aids Needed: - Meridian map with common pain points - Acupressure point location diagrams - Qi Gong form step-by-step illustrations


Session 3.4: Yoga for Pain Management

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Yoga Styles for Pain: - Hatha: Gentle, foundational poses - Iyengar: Alignment-focused, uses props extensively - Restorative: Passive poses, deep relaxation - Yin: Long holds targeting connective tissue - Chair Yoga: Modifications for limited mobility

Movement Practice (60 min): Yoga - Mixed style practice

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Key Poses for Common Pain Sites: - Low Back Pain: Cat-cow, child’s pose, supine twist, bridge - Neck/Shoulders: Thread the needle, shoulder rolls, eagle arms - Hips: Pigeon, figure-4 stretch, happy baby - Arthritis: Gentle joint mobility sequences - Prop Use: Blocks, straps, bolsters, blankets for support and accessibility

Visual Aids Needed: - Pose modification charts (3 levels: beginner, intermediate, props) - Common mistakes illustrations - Anatomical benefits diagrams for specific poses


WEEK 4: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM & PAIN

Learning Objectives

  • Distinguish sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nervous system function
  • Understand the stress-pain amplification cycle
  • Learn techniques to modulate autonomic function
  • Practice relaxation and stress-reduction strategies

Session 4.1: Sympathetic Nervous System & Pain Amplification

Education Module 1 (30 min) - ANS Overview: - Sympathetic: “Fight or flight” - arousal, activation - Parasympathetic: “Rest and digest” - recovery, restoration - Balance = health; imbalance = dysfunction - Sympathetic Activation Effects on Pain: - Muscle tension increases - Blood vessel constriction → reduced tissue oxygenation - Heightened sensitivity to pain signals - Inflammatory cytokine release

Movement Practice (45 min): Gentle Tai Chi - Focus on relaxation

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Chronic Stress & Pain Cycle: - Pain → Stress → Sympathetic activation → More pain → More stress - HPA axis dysregulation (cortisol) - Allostatic load accumulation - Clinical Evidence: - Heart rate variability (HRV) reduced in chronic pain - Elevated cortisol in fibromyalgia, chronic back pain

Group Discussion (30 min): Recognizing your stress-pain patterns

Assessments: Week 4 BPI/ODI/Functional assessments

Visual Aids Needed: - ANS balance diagram (sympathetic vs. parasympathetic) - Stress-pain cycle flowchart - HPA axis illustration


Session 4.2: Parasympathetic Activation - The Rest & Digest Response

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Vagus Nerve: The parasympathetic superhighway - Longest cranial nerve - Innervates heart, lungs, digestive system - Anti-inflammatory effects - Vagal Tone: - Higher vagal tone = better stress resilience - Measured by HRV - Can be improved with practice

Movement Practice (45 min): Restorative Yoga - Deep relaxation

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Ways to Activate Parasympathetic System: - Deep diaphragmatic breathing - Extended exhale (2:1 ratio) - Cold water face immersion - Humming/singing - Meditation - Gentle movement - Social connection

Activity (30 min): Practice vagal toning techniques

Visual Aids Needed: - Vagus nerve pathway diagram - Diaphragmatic breathing technique illustration - HRV measurement interpretation


Session 4.3: Breathing Techniques for Pain Control

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Respiratory Physiology & Pain: - Breath rate affects autonomic balance - CO2/O2 regulation influences pain perception - Chest vs. diaphragmatic breathing patterns - Breathing Dysfunctions in Chronic Pain: - Shallow, rapid breathing (stress response) - Breath-holding patterns - Paradoxical breathing

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong - Breathing-focused practice

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Specific Breathing Techniques: - 4-7-8 Breath: Inhale 4, hold 7, exhale 8 (relaxation) - Box Breathing: 4-4-4-4 (stress reduction) - Coherent Breathing: 5-6 breaths/min (HRV optimization) - Alternate Nostril: Balance left/right hemisphere - Ujjayi (Ocean Breath): Controlled resistance breathing

Practice (30 min): Guided breathing technique practice

Visual Aids Needed: - Diaphragm movement diagram - Breathing technique step-by-step guides - Breath rate vs. ANS state chart


Session 4.4: Progressive Muscle Relaxation & Body Scan

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR): - Developed by Edmund Jacobson (1930s) - Tense-release technique - Systematic progression through body regions - Reduces muscle guarding and tension - Mechanism: Teaches discrimination between tension and relaxation

Movement Practice (45 min): Guided PMR session (full body)

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Body Scan Meditation: - Mindful awareness without manipulation - Non-judgmental observation - Interoceptive accuracy training - Acceptance-based approach - Applications: Pain flare management, pre-sleep routine, anxiety reduction

Practice (30 min): Guided body scan meditation

Visual Aids Needed: - PMR muscle group progression chart - Body scan pathway illustration - Tension vs. relaxation sensation comparison


WEEK 5: NUTRITION & ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIET

Learning Objectives

  • Understand inflammation’s role in pain
  • Learn anti-inflammatory foods and dietary patterns
  • Identify pro-inflammatory foods to limit
  • Explore the gut-brain-pain connection

Session 5.1: Inflammation & Pain - The Connection

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Inflammatory Cascade: - Acute inflammation (healing response) - Chronic inflammation (disease state) - Pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha - Prostaglandins and pain sensitization - Dietary Influence on Inflammation: - Food as medicine vs. food as trigger - Evidence: Mediterranean diet reduces CRP, IL-6

Movement Practice (45 min): Tai Chi - Flow practice

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Biomarkers of Inflammation: - C-reactive protein (CRP) - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - Cytokine profiles - Clinical Studies: - Diet modification → 30-50% reduction in inflammatory markers - Correlates with pain reduction in OA, RA, fibromyalgia

Group Discussion (30 min): Current dietary patterns and pain levels

Assessments: Week 5 BPI/ODI/Functional assessments

Visual Aids Needed: - Inflammatory cascade diagram - Pro- vs. anti-inflammatory foods chart - Mediterranean diet pyramid


Session 5.2: Anti-Inflammatory Superfoods

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Top 10 Anti-Inflammatory Foods: 1. Fatty Fish (omega-3: EPA, DHA) - salmon, sardines, mackerel 2. Berries (anthocyanins) - blueberries, strawberries, blackberries 3. Leafy Greens (vitamins, minerals) - kale, spinach, collards 4. Turmeric (curcumin) - 500mg daily 5. Ginger (gingerols) - fresh or powdered 6. Olive Oil (oleocanthal) - extra virgin, first cold press 7. Nuts/Seeds (healthy fats, vitamin E) - walnuts, flaxseed, chia 8. Green Tea (EGCG) - 3-4 cups daily 9. Dark Chocolate (flavonoids) - 70%+ cacao 10. Tomatoes (lycopene) - cooked for better absorption

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Energizing sequence

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Nutrients & Mechanisms: - Omega-3 Fatty Acids: COX-2 inhibition, resolvins - Polyphenols: Antioxidant effects, gene expression - Fiber: Gut microbiome support, SCFA production - Dosing & Preparation: - Cooking methods that preserve nutrients - Supplement considerations (when diet insufficient)

Activity (30 min): Anti-inflammatory meal planning workshop

Visual Aids Needed: - Food-nutrient-mechanism chart - Serving size guide with photos - Sample meal plans


Session 5.3: Foods to Limit or Avoid

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Pro-Inflammatory Foods: 1. Sugar & Refined Carbs: Glucose spikes, AGEs formation 2. Processed Meats: Nitrates, saturated fat, sodium 3. Trans Fats: Partially hydrogenated oils 4. Excessive Alcohol: Liver stress, gut permeability 5. Refined Vegetable Oils: High omega-6 ratio (corn, soybean) 6. Artificial Additives: MSG, artificial sweeteners - Mechanisms: Oxidative stress, NF-kB activation, gut dysbiosis

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong - Detoxification focus

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Individual Food Sensitivities: - Common triggers: gluten, dairy, nightshades, lectins - Not universal - highly individual - Elimination Diet Approach: - Remove suspected foods 3-4 weeks - Systematic reintroduction - Food-pain journaling - Balance vs. Restriction: Avoiding orthorexia

Activity (30 min): Identify your potential trigger foods

Visual Aids Needed: - Pro-inflammatory foods list with alternatives - Elimination diet timeline - Food sensitivity symptom tracker


Session 5.4: The Gut-Brain-Pain Connection

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: - 100 trillion microorganisms in gut - 90% of body’s serotonin produced in gut - Vagus nerve: Bidirectional communication highway - Gut permeability (“leaky gut”) and systemic inflammation - Dysbiosis & Pain: - Altered microbial diversity in IBS, fibromyalgia - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers inflammation

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Digestive wellness sequence

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Optimizing Gut Health: - Probiotics: Live beneficial bacteria (yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi) - Prebiotics: Fiber that feeds good bacteria (garlic, onions, bananas, asparagus) - Diversity: Eat 30+ different plant foods/week - Fermented Foods: Enhance microbial richness - Supplements: When appropriate (strain-specific probiotics)

Group Discussion (30 min): Gut symptoms and pain connections

Visual Aids Needed: - Gut-brain axis diagram - Probiotic vs. prebiotic comparison - Fermented foods guide


WEEK 6: TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE & INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES

Learning Objectives

  • Understand TCM philosophy and pain concepts
  • Learn meridian system and acupressure basics
  • Practice self-acupressure techniques
  • Integrate Eastern and Western pain management approaches

Session 6.1: TCM Philosophy & Pain

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Fundamental TCM Concepts: - Qi (Chi): Life force energy - Yin-Yang: Balance of opposites - Five Elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water - Meridians: Energy channels connecting organs - Pain in TCM: “Where there is blockage, there is pain; where there is free flow, there is no pain”

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong - Meridian stretching sequence

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Modern Interpretation: - Fascia as meridian pathways? - Acupuncture points = neurovascular bundles - Neurochemical effects: Endorphins, adenosine release - Evidence Base: - Acupuncture effective for chronic pain (meta-analyses) - Mechanisms partially understood through Western science

Group Discussion (30 min): Openness to complementary approaches

Assessments: Week 6 BPI/ODI/Functional assessments

Visual Aids Needed: - Yin-Yang and Five Elements diagram - Major meridian pathways map - Acupuncture mechanism illustration (Western perspective)


Session 6.2: Acupressure for Self-Care

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Key Acupressure Points for Pain: - LI4 (Hegu): Hand web, general pain relief, headaches - GB20 (Fengchi): Base of skull, neck pain, headaches - LV3 (Taichong): Foot, stress reduction, headaches - SP6 (Sanyinjiao): Inner ankle, lower back, menstrual pain - ST36 (Zusanli): Below knee, general wellness, digestive issues - PC6 (Neiguan): Inner wrist, nausea, anxiety - Contraindications: Pregnancy points, bleeding disorders, skin conditions

Movement Practice (45 min): Tai Chi with acupoint awareness

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Acupressure Techniques: - Proper pressure: Firm but not painful - Duration: 30 seconds to 2 minutes per point - Breathing: Exhale as you apply pressure - Bilateral vs. unilateral stimulation - Self-Treatment Routines: - Morning energy boost - Stress/anxiety relief - Pain flare management - Pre-sleep relaxation

Hands-On Practice (30 min): Guided acupressure on self and partner

Visual Aids Needed: - Detailed acupoint location photos - Pressure technique demonstration - Quick reference acupoint card


Session 6.3: Cupping, Gua Sha, and Other Modalities

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Cupping Therapy: - Negative pressure technique - Types: Glass, silicone, fire cupping - Mechanisms: Increased blood flow, myofascial release - Evidence: Moderate for neck/back pain - Gua Sha (Scraping): - Tool-assisted soft tissue mobilization - Promotes microcirculation - Releases muscle tension - Evidence: Effective for chronic neck pain

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Myofascial release techniques

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Other TCM Modalities: - Moxibustion: Heat therapy using mugwort herb - Tuina: Chinese medical massage - Chinese Herbal Medicine: Individualized formulations - Safety & Contraindications: - When to avoid these techniques - Working with qualified practitioners

Demonstration (30 min): Gua Sha self-care techniques (neck, shoulders, forearms)

Visual Aids Needed: - Cupping types and placement guide - Gua Sha tool use demonstration - TCM modality comparison chart


Session 6.4: Integration - East Meets West

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Complementary Approaches: - TCM + conventional medicine = integrative care - When to use which approach - Not either/or but both/and - Examples of Integration: - Acupuncture + physical therapy for back pain - Herbal supplements + pharmaceuticals (with MD guidance) - Tai Chi + strength training

Movement Practice (45 min): Fusion practice - Yoga/Tai Chi/Qi Gong blend

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Creating Your Personal Integrative Toolkit: - Western: Medications, PT, injections - Eastern: Acupressure, herbs, movement practices - Both: Nutrition, stress management, sleep - Finding Qualified Practitioners: - Acupuncturist: L.Ac., NCCAOM certified - Herbalist: Training and credentials - Integrative MD: Board certified + additional training

Activity (30 min): Design your personalized integrative pain plan

Visual Aids Needed: - East-West integration Venn diagram - Practitioner credential guide - Integrative treatment decision tree


WEEK 7: MIND-BODY CONNECTION & PAIN PSYCHOLOGY

Learning Objectives

  • Understand pain catastrophizing and its impact
  • Learn cognitive-behavioral strategies for pain
  • Practice emotional regulation and acceptance techniques
  • Address the social aspects of chronic pain

Session 7.1: The Psychology of Pain

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Pain Catastrophizing: - Three components: Rumination, magnification, helplessness - Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) - Impact: Predicts pain intensity, disability, opioid use - Cognitive Distortions: - All-or-nothing thinking - Overgeneralization - Emotional reasoning - Catastrophic thinking

Movement Practice (45 min): Gentle Yoga - Mindful body awareness

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Fear-Avoidance Model: - Pain → Fear of pain → Avoidance of activity → Deconditioning → More pain - Kinesiophobia: Fear of movement - Breaking the cycle through gradual exposure - Research Evidence: Fear-avoidance predicts long-term disability better than pain intensity

Group Discussion (30 min): Identifying catastrophizing patterns

Assessments: Week 7 BPI/ODI/Functional + Depression/Anxiety screening

Visual Aids Needed: - Pain catastrophizing components diagram - Fear-avoidance cycle flowchart - Cognitive distortion identification chart


Session 7.2: Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Cognitive Restructuring: - Identify automatic negative thoughts - Challenge cognitive distortions - Develop balanced, realistic thoughts - Thought records (ABC model) - Examples: - “I’ll never get better” → “Progress is gradual; I’m learning skills” - “This pain is unbearable” → “This is difficult but I can manage it”

Movement Practice (45 min): Tai Chi - Meditative focus

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Behavioral Activation: - Activity scheduling (not contingent on pain level) - Value-based living - Avoiding boom-bust cycles - Positive reinforcement strategies - Pleasant Activity Scheduling: Daily activities that bring meaning/enjoyment

Practice (30 min): Cognitive restructuring exercises with thought records

Visual Aids Needed: - ABC model worksheet - Thought record template - Behavioral activation activity list


Session 7.3: Emotional Regulation & Acceptance

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): - Acceptance vs. resignation (different concepts) - Psychological flexibility - Cognitive defusion: Thoughts are not facts - Values clarification: What matters most to you? - Committed action: Living according to values despite pain - Mindfulness in ACT: Present moment awareness without judgment

Movement Practice (45 min): Qi Gong - Emotional balance focus

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Emotional Expression & Pain: - Emotions are valid: Anger, grief, frustration, anxiety, depression - Emotional suppression increases pain - Healthy expression strategies - When to seek professional mental health support - Self-Compassion: Treating yourself with kindness during difficult times

Practice (30 min): Values clarification exercise and defusion techniques

Visual Aids Needed: - ACT hexaflex model - Values clarification worksheet - Self-compassion break script


Session 7.4: Social Support & Relationships

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Impact of Pain on Relationships: - Communication challenges - Role changes (provider → dependent) - Intimacy and sexuality concerns - Social isolation and loneliness - Caregiver burden - “Invisible Illness” Challenges: Others can’t see pain, may minimize

Movement Practice (45 min): Yoga - Partner poses (optional, gentle)

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Building Healthy Support Networks: - Effective communication: “I” statements, specific requests - Asking for help vs. refusing help - Setting boundaries (saying “no”) - Educating family/friends about chronic pain - Support Groups: In-person vs. online, peer support value

Activity (30 min): Communication role-playing exercises

Visual Aids Needed: - Communication styles comparison - “I” statement template - Support network mapping tool


WEEK 8: INTEGRATION & LONG-TERM SELF-MANAGEMENT

Learning Objectives

  • Synthesize all curriculum content
  • Create comprehensive personal pain management plan
  • Develop relapse prevention strategies
  • Establish post-program support and resources

Session 8.1: Putting It All Together - Holistic Pain Management

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Biopsychosocial Model Review: - Biological: Medications, physical therapies, movement - Psychological: CBT, ACT, mindfulness, emotional regulation - Social: Support networks, communication, meaningful activities - Your Personal Formula: What worked best for YOU? - Reviewing your pain journal patterns - Identifying most effective strategies - Recognizing early warning signs of flares

Movement Practice (45 min): Participant favorites - You choose the practice

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Multimodal Approach: - No single “silver bullet” - Synergistic effects of combined strategies - Adjusting approach as needs change - Evidence Review: Multimodal > single intervention

Group Discussion (30 min): Share your most valuable lessons learned

Assessments: Week 8 BPI/ODI/Functional (final program assessments)

Visual Aids Needed: - Biopsychosocial model diagram - Personal strategy success tracker - Multimodal treatment effectiveness chart


Session 8.2: Relapse Prevention & Flare Management

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Pain Flares are Normal: - Not a failure or “back to square one” - Part of the natural course - Skills learned are not lost - Early Warning Signs: - Increased pain intensity/frequency - Sleep disturbance - Mood changes - Returning to old patterns (boom-bust, avoidance) - Social withdrawal

Movement Practice (45 min): Restorative practice - Self-care focus

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Flare Management Action Plan: - First 24-48 hours: Gentle movement, not bed rest; breathing, relaxation; ice/heat; reach out for support - Days 3-7: Resume baseline activities gradually; review pain journal; identify triggers; adjust as needed - Week 2+: Return to full routine; troubleshoot barriers; celebrate resilience - When to Seek Medical Attention: Red flags (new symptoms, trauma, fever, numbness/weakness)

Activity (30 min): Create your personal flare management plan

Visual Aids Needed: - Warning signs checklist - Flare management timeline - Medical red flags list


Session 8.3: Resources & Continued Learning

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Community Resources: - US Pain Foundation: Support groups, educational webinars - American Chronic Pain Association: Self-management resources - PainBC: Online courses and tools - NHS Pain Toolkit: 12 self-management tools - Professional Resources: - Pain specialty clinics - Integrative medicine centers - Licensed acupuncturists, massage therapists - Mental health providers specializing in chronic pain

Movement Practice (45 min): Integration practice - All modalities

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Continued Education: - Recommended books (Explain Pain, The Pain Management Workbook) - Podcasts (Like Mind, Like Body; Pain Reframed) - Apps (Curable, Pathways, Headspace) - Online courses (PainED, Pain U) - Staying Current: New research, emerging therapies

Group Discussion (30 min): Building your post-program resource list

Visual Aids Needed: - Resource directory (local and national) - Recommended reading/app list - Professional credentialing guide


Session 8.4: Celebration & Moving Forward

Education Module 1 (30 min) - Measuring Progress: - BPI/ODI change from baseline - Functional improvements (SMART goals achieved) - Increased confidence and self-efficacy - New skills acquired - Connections made - Progress ≠ Perfection: Celebrating all wins, large and small

Movement Practice (45 min): Celebratory group practice - Participant-led

Education Module 2 (30 min) - Your Personal Pain Management Plan: - Daily practices (movement, breathing, mindfulness) - Weekly practices (support group, meal prep, review goals) - Monthly practices (reassess progress, adjust strategies) - Emergency practices (flare management) - Staying Connected: Alumni group, ongoing support options

Celebration (30 min): - Certificate of completion - Sharing circle: One thing you’ll take with you - Group photo - Resource packet distribution

Final Assessments: Post-program BPI/ODI/Functional + Program Evaluation Survey

Visual Aids Needed: - Progress tracking dashboard - Personal pain management plan template - Certificate of completion


APPENDICES

A. Assessment Tools

  • Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Short Form
  • Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
  • Functional Assessment Questionnaire
  • Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
  • Depression/Anxiety Screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7)
  • Program Evaluation Survey

B. Required Visual Aids Summary

Week 1: 12 diagrams/charts Week 2: 9 diagrams/charts Week 3: 9 diagrams/charts Week 4: 9 diagrams/charts Week 5: 9 diagrams/charts Week 6: 9 diagrams/charts Week 7: 9 diagrams/charts Week 8: 9 diagrams/charts Total: 75+ unique visual aids needed

C. Movement Practice Equipment Needs

  • Yoga mats (20)
  • Yoga blocks (40 - 2 per person)
  • Yoga straps (20)
  • Bolsters (10)
  • Blankets (20)
  • Chairs (20 - for modifications)
  • Gua Sha tools (20 - for take-home)
  • Resistance bands (optional)
  • Mirror (full-length for form checking)

D. Facilitator Qualifications

Minimum Requirements: - Licensed healthcare professional (PT, OT, RN, MD, DO) OR - Certified health coach with chronic pain specialization - Certification in at least one movement modality (Tai Chi, Yoga, Qi Gong) - Training in motivational interviewing and group facilitation - CPR/First Aid certified - HIPAA training

Preferred: - Pain psychology training (CBT, ACT) - Experience with chronic pain population - Bilingual (if serving diverse communities)

E. Program Evaluation Metrics

Primary Outcomes: - BPI change (minimal clinically important difference: 2 points) - ODI change (minimal clinically important difference: 10 points) - Functional goals achieved (%)

Secondary Outcomes: - Depression/anxiety symptom change - Medication use changes - Healthcare utilization - Program satisfaction - Attendance/completion rate - Skills acquired/confidence gained

F. Evidence Base Summary

Movement Therapies: - Tai Chi: Cochrane review, 33 RCTs, effective for OA, LBP, fibromyalgia - Yoga: Meta-analysis, 40+ studies, moderate effect size for chronic pain - Qi Gong: Systematic review, positive effects for neck pain, fibromyalgia

Mind-Body Interventions: - CBT: Gold standard psychological treatment, large effect sizes - ACT: Growing evidence, especially for pain acceptance and function - Mindfulness: Effective for pain catastrophizing, emotional regulation

Nutrition: - Anti-inflammatory diet: Reduces CRP by 30-50% - Mediterranean diet: Improves pain in RA, reduces cardiovascular risk - Omega-3 supplementation: Modest benefit for inflammatory conditions

Integrative Approaches: - Acupuncture: Effective for chronic pain per meta-analyses - Massage: Short-term benefit for musculoskeletal pain - Multimodal approach: Superior to single interventions


PROGRAM NOTES

Attendance Policy: Participants expected to attend 28/32 sessions (87.5%) for completion certificate

Make-Up Sessions: One-on-one review available for missed sessions by appointment

Progression: Content builds week-to-week; early attendance critical

Individualization: While group-based, strategies adapted to individual needs and preferences

Safety: All movement practices designed for chronic pain population with modifications offered

Medical Clearance: Participants screened for contraindications; physician clearance may be required

Confidentiality: Group agreements established in Session 1.1; HIPAA compliance maintained


Total Curriculum Pages: 32 detailed session plans Total Contact Hours: 80 hours over 8 weeks Evidence-Based: All content supported by peer-reviewed research Patient-Centered: Focus on self-management skills and empowerment Holistic: Addresses biological, psychological, and social dimensions of pain