Heart Disease

library('dplyr')

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library('ggplot2')
library('corrplot')

## Warning: package 'corrplot' was built under R version 4.5.2

## corrplot 0.95 loaded

library('caret')

## Warning: package 'caret' was built under R version 4.5.2

## Loading required package: lattice

## Warning: package 'lattice' was built under R version 4.5.2

1. Data Cleaning

#Input Dataset
hd <- read.csv("cleveland.data", header=FALSE)
colnames(hd) <- c("age", "sex", "cp", "trestbps", "chol", "fbs", "restecg",
                  "thalach", "exang", "oldpeak", "slope", "ca", "thal",
                  "num")
head(hd, 5)

##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal num
## 1  63   1  1      145  233   1       2     150     0     2.3     3 0.0  6.0   0
## 2  67   1  4      160  286   0       2     108     1     1.5     2 3.0  3.0   2
## 3  67   1  4      120  229   0       2     129     1     2.6     2 2.0  7.0   1
## 4  37   1  3      130  250   0       0     187     0     3.5     3 0.0  3.0   0
## 5  41   0  2      130  204   0       2     172     0     1.4     1 0.0  3.0   0

#Cek Missing Values
colSums(is.na(hd))

##      age      sex       cp trestbps     chol      fbs  restecg  thalach 
##        0        0        0        0        0        0        0        0 
##    exang  oldpeak    slope       ca     thal      num 
##        0        0        0        0        0        0

“?” dalam dataset sebetulnya adalah missing values

rows_with_question_mark <- filter_all(hd, any_vars(. == "?"))
rows_with_question_mark

##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal num
## 1  53   0  3      128  216   0       2     115     0     0.0     1 0.0    ?   0
## 2  52   1  3      138  223   0       0     169     0     0.0     1   ?  3.0   0
## 3  43   1  4      132  247   1       2     143     1     0.1     2   ?  7.0   1
## 4  52   1  4      128  204   1       0     156     1     1.0     2 0.0    ?   2
## 5  58   1  2      125  220   0       0     144     0     0.4     2   ?  7.0   0
## 6  38   1  3      138  175   0       0     173     0     0.0     1   ?  3.0   0

# Hapus Kolom '?' 
hd <- hd %>% replace(hd == "?", NA) %>% na.omit()

head(hd, 5)

##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal num
## 1  63   1  1      145  233   1       2     150     0     2.3     3 0.0  6.0   0
## 2  67   1  4      160  286   0       2     108     1     1.5     2 3.0  3.0   2
## 3  67   1  4      120  229   0       2     129     1     2.6     2 2.0  7.0   1
## 4  37   1  3      130  250   0       0     187     0     3.5     3 0.0  3.0   0
## 5  41   0  2      130  204   0       2     172     0     1.4     1 0.0  3.0   0

# Cek Jumlah Duplikasi
sum(duplicated(hd))

## [1] 0

#Cek Struktur Data
str(hd)

## 'data.frame':    297 obs. of  14 variables:
##  $ age     : num  63 67 67 37 41 56 62 57 63 53 ...
##  $ sex     : num  1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 ...
##  $ cp      : num  1 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 ...
##  $ trestbps: num  145 160 120 130 130 120 140 120 130 140 ...
##  $ chol    : num  233 286 229 250 204 236 268 354 254 203 ...
##  $ fbs     : num  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ...
##  $ restecg : num  2 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 ...
##  $ thalach : num  150 108 129 187 172 178 160 163 147 155 ...
##  $ exang   : num  0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ...
##  $ oldpeak : num  2.3 1.5 2.6 3.5 1.4 0.8 3.6 0.6 1.4 3.1 ...
##  $ slope   : num  3 2 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 ...
##  $ ca      : chr  "0.0" "3.0" "2.0" "0.0" ...
##  $ thal    : chr  "6.0" "3.0" "7.0" "3.0" ...
##  $ num     : int  0 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 2 1 ...
##  - attr(*, "na.action")= 'omit' Named int [1:6] 88 167 193 267 288 303
##   ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:6] "88" "167" "193" "267" ...

summary(hd)

##       age             sex               cp           trestbps    
##  Min.   :29.00   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :1.000   Min.   : 94.0  
##  1st Qu.:48.00   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:3.000   1st Qu.:120.0  
##  Median :56.00   Median :1.0000   Median :3.000   Median :130.0  
##  Mean   :54.54   Mean   :0.6768   Mean   :3.158   Mean   :131.7  
##  3rd Qu.:61.00   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:4.000   3rd Qu.:140.0  
##  Max.   :77.00   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :4.000   Max.   :200.0  
##       chol            fbs            restecg          thalach     
##  Min.   :126.0   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 71.0  
##  1st Qu.:211.0   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:133.0  
##  Median :243.0   Median :0.0000   Median :1.0000   Median :153.0  
##  Mean   :247.4   Mean   :0.1448   Mean   :0.9966   Mean   :149.6  
##  3rd Qu.:276.0   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:2.0000   3rd Qu.:166.0  
##  Max.   :564.0   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :2.0000   Max.   :202.0  
##      exang           oldpeak          slope            ca           
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.000   Min.   :1.000   Length:297        
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.000   1st Qu.:1.000   Class :character  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :0.800   Median :2.000   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :0.3266   Mean   :1.056   Mean   :1.603                     
##  3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.600   3rd Qu.:2.000                     
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :6.200   Max.   :3.000                     
##      thal                num        
##  Length:297         Min.   :0.0000  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Mode  :character   Median :0.0000  
##                     Mean   :0.9461  
##                     3rd Qu.:2.0000  
##                     Max.   :4.0000

#Ubah Tipe Data
hd <- hd %>% mutate(
  age=as.integer(age),
  sex=as.factor(sex),
  cp=as.factor(cp),
  trestbps=as.integer(trestbps),
  chol=as.integer(chol),
  fbs=as.factor(fbs),
  restecg=as.factor(restecg),
  thalach=as.integer(thalach),
  exang=as.factor(exang),
  oldpeak=as.integer(oldpeak),
  slope=as.factor(slope),
  ca=as.factor(ca),
  thal=as.factor(thal),
  num=as.integer(num)
)

glimpse(hd)

## Rows: 297
## Columns: 14
## $ age      <int> 63, 67, 67, 37, 41, 56, 62, 57, 63, 53, 57, 56, 56, 44, 52, 5…
## $ sex      <fct> 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1…
## $ cp       <fct> 1, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1…
## $ trestbps <int> 145, 160, 120, 130, 130, 120, 140, 120, 130, 140, 140, 140, 1…
## $ chol     <int> 233, 286, 229, 250, 204, 236, 268, 354, 254, 203, 192, 294, 2…
## $ fbs      <fct> 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
## $ restecg  <fct> 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2…
## $ thalach  <int> 150, 108, 129, 187, 172, 178, 160, 163, 147, 155, 148, 153, 1…
## $ exang    <fct> 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1…
## $ oldpeak  <int> 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1…
## $ slope    <fct> 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2…
## $ ca       <fct> 0.0, 3.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1…
## $ thal     <fct> 6.0, 3.0, 7.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 7.0, 7.0, 6.0, 3.0, 6…
## $ num      <int> 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0…

# Ubah Variabel Target dengan Binary, 0: NoDisease dan 1:HeartDisease
hd$output <- factor(ifelse(hd$num > 0, "HeartDisease", "NoDisease"))
hd$output <- relevel(hd$output, ref = "HeartDisease")  # positif class
hd <- subset(hd, select=-num)
head(hd, 5)

##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal
## 1  63   1  1      145  233   1       2     150     0       2     3 0.0  6.0
## 2  67   1  4      160  286   0       2     108     1       1     2 3.0  3.0
## 3  67   1  4      120  229   0       2     129     1       2     2 2.0  7.0
## 4  37   1  3      130  250   0       0     187     0       3     3 0.0  3.0
## 5  41   0  2      130  204   0       2     172     0       1     1 0.0  3.0
##         output
## 1    NoDisease
## 2 HeartDisease
## 3 HeartDisease
## 4    NoDisease
## 5    NoDisease

#Definisikan Kolom numerik, Kolom kategoris
num_vars <- subset(hd, select=c(age, trestbps, chol, thalach, oldpeak))
num_vars_with_target_variable <- subset(hd, select=c(age, trestbps, chol, thalach, oldpeak, output))
cat_vars <- subset(hd, select=c(sex, fbs, restecg, exang, slope, ca, thal))
cat_vars_with_target_variable <- subset(hd, select=c(sex, fbs, restecg, exang, slope, ca, thal, output))

2. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

#1. Visualisasi distribusi usia
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(hd, aes(x = age, fill = output)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 5, position = "dodge") +
  labs(title = "Distribusi Usia Berdasarkan Status Penyakit Jantung", x = "Usia", y = "Jumlah")

#2. Korelasi antar variabel numerik
cor_matrix <- cor(num_vars)
corrplot(cor_matrix, method = "color", type = "upper", tl.cex = 0.8)

#3. Boxplot tekanan darah vs output
ggplot(num_vars_with_target_variable, aes(x = output, y = trestbps, fill = output)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(title = "Tekanan Darah vs Status Penyakit Jantung", x = "Status", y = "Tekanan Darah")

#4. Barplot tipe nyeri dada vs output
ggplot(hd, aes(x = cp, fill = output)) +
  geom_bar(position = "fill") +
  labs(title = "Tipe Nyeri Dada vs Status Penyakit Jantung", x = "Tipe Nyeri Dada", y = "Proporsi")

#5. Distribusi kolesterol
ggplot(num_vars_with_target_variable, aes(x = chol, fill = output)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, position = "identity", alpha = 0.6) +
  labs(title = "Distribusi Kolesterol Berdasarkan Status", x = "Kolesterol", y = "Jumlah")

#6. Persentase Masyarakat Terkena Penyakit Jantung dan Tidak Terkena Penyakut Jantung
output_class_count <- hd %>% group_by(output) %>% summarise(count=n())
labels <- as.vector(output_class_count$output)
values <- as.vector(output_class_count$count)
values_with_percent <- paste0(format(values, big.mark=",", scientific=FALSE), " people",
                  " (", round(values / sum(values) * 100, 2), "%", ")")

pie(values, values_with_percent, main="Heart disease distribution",
    col = rainbow(length(values)))

legend("topright", c("No Disease","Heart Disease"), cex = 0.8,
   fill = rainbow(length(values)))

library(caret)
set.seed(123)
library(xgboost)

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## 
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library(randomForest)

## Warning: package 'randomForest' was built under R version 4.5.2

## randomForest 4.7-1.2

## Type rfNews() to see new features/changes/bug fixes.

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library(kernlab)

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## 
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library(pROC)

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## Type 'citation("pROC")' for a citation.

## 
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3. Model Building

# Split data: 80% train, 20% test
split <- createDataPartition(hd$output, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train <- hd[split, ]
test <- hd[-split, ]

# Cek levels dari data training
cat("LEVELS YANG VALID \n")

## LEVELS YANG VALID

cat("sex:", paste(levels(train$sex), collapse=", "), "\n")

## sex: 0, 1

cat("cp:", paste(levels(train$cp), collapse=", "), "\n")

## cp: 1, 2, 3, 4

cat("fbs:", paste(levels(train$fbs), collapse=", "), "\n")

## fbs: 0, 1

cat("restecg:", paste(levels(train$restecg), collapse=", "), "\n")

## restecg: 0, 1, 2

cat("exang:", paste(levels(train$exang), collapse=", "), "\n")

## exang: 0, 1

cat("slope:", paste(levels(train$slope), collapse=", "), "\n")

## slope: 1, 2, 3

cat("ca:", paste(levels(train$ca), collapse=", "), "\n")

## ca: 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0

cat("thal:", paste(levels(train$thal), collapse=", "), "\n")

## thal: 3.0, 6.0, 7.0

#Define training control
ctrl <- trainControl(method = "cv", number = 5, classProbs = TRUE, summaryFunction = twoClassSummary)

#1. Logistic Regression
log_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, method = "glm", family = "binomial", trControl = ctrl, metric = "ROC")

#2. Decision Tree
tree_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, method = "rpart", trControl = ctrl, metric = "ROC")

#3. Random Forest
rf_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, method = "rf", trControl = ctrl, metric = "ROC")

#4. Support Vector Machine
svm_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, method = "svmRadial", trControl = ctrl, metric = "ROC")

#5. K-Nearest Neighbors
knn_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, method = "knn", trControl = ctrl, metric = "ROC")

#6. XGBoost
xgb_model <- train(output ~ ., data = train, 
                   method = "xgbTree", 
                   trControl = ctrl, 
                   metric = "ROC")

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## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:06] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:07] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:08] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:09] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:10] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:11] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:12] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:13] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:14] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:15] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:16] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:17] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:18] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:19] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:20] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:21] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:22] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:23] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:24] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:25] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:26] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:27] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:28] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:29] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:30] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:31] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:32] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:33] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:34] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:35] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:36] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:37] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:38] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:39] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:40] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
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## [18:16:45] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
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## [18:16:49] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
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## [18:16:49] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.
## [18:16:49] WARNING: src/c_api/c_api.cc:935: `ntree_limit` is deprecated, use `iteration_range` instead.

4. Model Evaluation

#Gabungkan Semua Model ke dalam List
models <- list(
  Logistic = log_model,
  Tree     = tree_model,
  RF       = rf_model,
  SVM      = svm_model,
  KNN      = knn_model,
  XGB      = xgb_model
)

#Fungsi Evaluasi
evaluate_model <- function(model, test_data, model_name) {
  pred <- predict(model, test_data)
  cm <- confusionMatrix(pred, test_data$output, positive = "HeartDisease")
  
  data.frame(
    Model       = model_name,
    Accuracy    = cm$overall["Accuracy"],
    Sensitivity = cm$byClass["Sensitivity"],
    Specificity = cm$byClass["Specificity"],
    F1          = cm$byClass["F1"],
    row.names   = NULL
  )
}

#Evaluasi Semua Model 
results <- data.frame()
for (name in names(models)) {
  result <- evaluate_model(models[[name]], test, name)
  results <- rbind(results, result)
}

print(results)

##      Model  Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity        F1
## 1 Logistic 0.8474576   0.7777778     0.90625 0.8235294
## 2     Tree 0.7627119   0.5185185     0.96875 0.6666667
## 3       RF 0.8644068   0.7777778     0.93750 0.8400000
## 4      SVM 0.8135593   0.7777778     0.84375 0.7924528
## 5      KNN 0.6779661   0.5185185     0.81250 0.5957447
## 6      XGB 0.8305085   0.7777778     0.87500 0.8076923

#Visualisasi Confusion Matrix 
par(mfrow=c(3,2), oma=c(0, 0, 3, 0))

for (name in names(models)) {
  pred <- predict(models[[name]], test)
  cm <- confusionMatrix(pred, test$output)
  fourfoldplot(as.table(cm$table), color=c("orange","lightgreen"), main=name)
}

mtext("Confusion Matrix Visualizations", side=3, outer=TRUE, line=1, cex=1.5, font=2)

#ROC CURVE
library(pROC)

roc_log  <- roc(test$output, predict(log_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease

## Setting direction: controls > cases

roc_tree <- roc(test$output, predict(tree_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease
## Setting direction: controls > cases

roc_rf   <- roc(test$output, predict(rf_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease
## Setting direction: controls > cases

roc_svm  <- roc(test$output, predict(svm_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease
## Setting direction: controls > cases

roc_knn  <- roc(test$output, predict(knn_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease
## Setting direction: controls > cases

roc_xgb  <- roc(test$output, predict(xgb_model, test, type="prob")[,"HeartDisease"])

## Setting levels: control = HeartDisease, case = NoDisease
## Setting direction: controls > cases

plot(roc_log, col="red", main="ROC Curve Comparison")
plot(roc_tree, col="orange", add=TRUE)
plot(roc_rf, col="green", add=TRUE)
plot(roc_svm, col="purple", add=TRUE)
plot(roc_knn, col="blue", add=TRUE)
plot(roc_xgb, col="brown", add=TRUE)

legend("bottomright", legend=c(
  paste("Logistic (AUC =", round(auc(roc_log), 2), ")"),
  paste("Tree (AUC =", round(auc(roc_tree), 2), ")"),
  paste("RF (AUC =", round(auc(roc_rf), 2), ")"),
  paste("SVM (AUC =", round(auc(roc_svm), 2), ")"),
  paste("KNN (AUC =", round(auc(roc_knn), 2), ")"),
  paste("XGB (AUC =", round(auc(roc_xgb), 2), ")")
), col=c("red","orange","green","purple","blue","brown"), lwd=2)

#Results yang Sudah Berupa data.frame 
results_df <- results

library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

#Ubah ke Format long
results_long <- pivot_longer(results_df, cols = c("Accuracy", "Sensitivity", "F1"), names_to = "Metric", values_to = "Value")

# Plot per metrik
for (metric_name in unique(results_long$Metric)) {
  df_metric <- results_long[results_long$Metric == metric_name, ]
  p <- ggplot(df_metric, aes(x = reorder(Model, Value), y = Value, fill = Model)) +
    geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
    coord_flip() +
    labs(title = paste("Perbandingan", metric_name, "Model"), x = "Model", y = metric_name) +
    theme_minimal() +
    scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set2")
  print(p)
}

#Mencari Model Terbaik Berdasarkan F1-score
best_idx <- which.max(results$F1)
best_model_name <- results[best_idx, "Model"]
best_model_obj <- models[[best_model_name]]  # INI YANG PENTING!

cat("MODEL TERBAIK:", best_model_name, "\n")

## MODEL TERBAIK: RF

cat("F1-Score:", round(results$F1[best_idx], 4), "\n")

## F1-Score: 0.84

cat("Accuracy:", round(results$Accuracy[best_idx], 4), "\n")

## Accuracy: 0.8644

5. Prediction

#Fungsi Helper
create_patient_data_final <- function(age, sex, cp, trestbps, chol, fbs, restecg, thalach, exang, oldpeak, slope, ca, thal) {
  
  data_baru <- data.frame(
    age = as.integer(age),
    sex = factor(as.character(sex), levels = levels(train$sex)),
    cp = factor(as.character(cp), levels = levels(train$cp)),
    trestbps = as.integer(trestbps),
    chol = as.integer(chol),
    fbs = factor(as.character(fbs), levels = levels(train$fbs)),
    restecg = factor(as.character(restecg), levels = levels(train$restecg)),
    thalach = as.integer(thalach),
    exang = factor(as.character(exang), levels = levels(train$exang)),
    oldpeak = as.numeric(oldpeak),
    slope = factor(as.character(slope), levels = levels(train$slope)),
    ca = factor(as.character(ca), levels = levels(train$ca)),
    thal = factor(as.character(thal), levels = levels(train$thal))
  )
  
   return(data_baru)
}

#Cek Levels yang Valid
cat("sex:", paste(levels(train$sex), collapse=", "), "\n")

## sex: 0, 1

cat("cp:", paste(levels(train$cp), collapse=", "), "\n")

## cp: 1, 2, 3, 4

cat("fbs:", paste(levels(train$fbs), collapse=", "), "\n")

## fbs: 0, 1

cat("restecg:", paste(levels(train$restecg), collapse=", "), "\n")

## restecg: 0, 1, 2

cat("exang:", paste(levels(train$exang), collapse=", "), "\n")

## exang: 0, 1

cat("slope:", paste(levels(train$slope), collapse=", "), "\n")

## slope: 1, 2, 3

cat("ca:", paste(levels(train$ca), collapse=", "), "\n")

## ca: 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0

cat("thal:", paste(levels(train$thal), collapse=", "), "\n")

## thal: 3.0, 6.0, 7.0

#Data Training, dengan Melihat Data Set Asli
print(head(train[, c("age", "sex", "cp", "trestbps", "chol", "fbs", 
                     "restecg", "thalach", "exang", "oldpeak", 
                     "slope", "ca", "thal", "output")], 3))

##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal
## 1  63   1  1      145  233   1       2     150     0       2     3 0.0  6.0
## 4  37   1  3      130  250   0       0     187     0       3     3 0.0  3.0
## 6  56   1  2      120  236   0       0     178     0       0     1 0.0  3.0
##      output
## 1 NoDisease
## 4 NoDisease
## 6 NoDisease

#Fungsi Create Patient
create_patient_data_safe <- function(age, sex, cp, trestbps, chol, fbs, 
                                      restecg, thalach, exang, oldpeak, 
                                      slope, ca, thal) {
  
  #Konversi semua input ke character terlebih dahulu
  new_data <- data.frame(
    age = as.integer(age),
    sex = as.character(sex),
    cp = as.character(cp),
    trestbps = as.integer(trestbps),
    chol = as.integer(chol),
    fbs = as.character(fbs),
    restecg = as.character(restecg),
    thalach = as.integer(thalach),
    exang = as.character(exang),
    oldpeak = as.numeric(oldpeak),
    slope = as.character(slope),
    ca = as.character(ca),
    thal = as.character(thal),
    stringsAsFactors = FALSE
  )
  
  #Print untuk debug
  cat("\n INPUT YANG ANDA MASUKKAN \n")
  print(new_data)
  
  #Cek apakah nilai valid
  cat("\n VALIDASI \n")
  
  check_value <- function(col_name, value, valid_levels) {
    if (!(value %in% valid_levels)) {
      cat("❌", col_name, "=", value, "TIDAK VALID!\n")
      cat("   Harus salah satu dari:", paste(valid_levels, collapse=", "), "\n")
      return(FALSE)
    } else {
      cat("✅", col_name, "=", value, "VALID\n")
      return(TRUE)
    }
  }
  
  valid <- TRUE
  valid <- valid & check_value("sex", new_data$sex, levels(train$sex))
  valid <- valid & check_value("cp", new_data$cp, levels(train$cp))
  valid <- valid & check_value("fbs", new_data$fbs, levels(train$fbs))
  valid <- valid & check_value("restecg", new_data$restecg, levels(train$restecg))
  valid <- valid & check_value("exang", new_data$exang, levels(train$exang))
  valid <- valid & check_value("slope", new_data$slope, levels(train$slope))
  valid <- valid & check_value("ca", new_data$ca, levels(train$ca))
  valid <- valid & check_value("thal", new_data$thal, levels(train$thal))
  
  if (!valid) {
    stop("\n  ADA NILAI YANG TIDAK VALID! Perbaiki dulu sesuai levels di atas.")
  }
  
  # Konversi ke factor dengan levels yang benar
  new_data$sex <- factor(new_data$sex, levels = levels(train$sex))
  new_data$cp <- factor(new_data$cp, levels = levels(train$cp))
  new_data$fbs <- factor(new_data$fbs, levels = levels(train$fbs))
  new_data$restecg <- factor(new_data$restecg, levels = levels(train$restecg))
  new_data$exang <- factor(new_data$exang, levels = levels(train$exang))
  new_data$slope <- factor(new_data$slope, levels = levels(train$slope))
  new_data$ca <- factor(new_data$ca, levels = levels(train$ca))
  new_data$thal <- factor(new_data$thal, levels = levels(train$thal))
  
  cat("\n   SEMUA NILAI VALID!\n")
  
  return(new_data)
}

#Fungsi Prediksi

predict_heart_disease <- function(model, new_data) {
  pred_class <- predict(model, new_data)
  pred_prob <- predict(model, new_data, type = "prob")
  
  result <- data.frame(
    Prediction = as.character(pred_class),
    Prob_HeartDisease = round(pred_prob$HeartDisease * 100, 2),
    Prob_NoDisease = round(pred_prob$NoDisease * 100, 2),
    Status = ifelse(pred_class == "HeartDisease", 
                    "BERISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG", 
                    "TIDAK BERISIKO")
  )
  
  return(result)
}

#Test dengan Data Test Set

cat("\n TEST 1: PREDIKSI DENGAN DATA ASLI \n")

## 
##  TEST 1: PREDIKSI DENGAN DATA ASLI

test_sample <- test[1, -which(names(test) == "output")]
pred_test <- predict_heart_disease(best_model_obj, test_sample)
print(pred_test)

##     Prediction Prob_HeartDisease Prob_NoDisease                    Status
## 1 HeartDisease              88.8           11.2 BERISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG

#Prediksi Pasien 

cat("\n TEST 2: PREDIKSI MANUAL \n")

## 
##  TEST 2: PREDIKSI MANUAL

# SESUAIKAN NILAI INI DENGAN LEVELS YANG VALID DI ATAS!
# Contoh: jika levels ca adalah "0.0", "1.0", "2.0", "3.0"
# maka gunakan "0.0" bukan "0"

patient1 <- create_patient_data_safe(
  age = 55,
  sex = "1",          # GUNAKAN STRING!
  cp = "3",           # GUNAKAN STRING!
  trestbps = 140,
  chol = 250,
  fbs = "1",          # GUNAKAN STRING!
  restecg = "2",      # GUNAKAN STRING!
  thalach = 150,
  exang = "1",        # GUNAKAN STRING!
  oldpeak = 2.5,
  slope = "2",        # GUNAKAN STRING!
  ca = "1.0",           # ← SESUAIKAN DENGAN LEVELS VALID!
  thal = "3.0"          # ← SESUAIKAN DENGAN LEVELS VALID!
)

## 
##  INPUT YANG ANDA MASUKKAN 
##   age sex cp trestbps chol fbs restecg thalach exang oldpeak slope  ca thal
## 1  55   1  3      140  250   1       2     150     1     2.5     2 1.0  3.0
## 
##  VALIDASI 
## ✅ sex = 1 VALID
## ✅ cp = 3 VALID
## ✅ fbs = 1 VALID
## ✅ restecg = 2 VALID
## ✅ exang = 1 VALID
## ✅ slope = 2 VALID
## ✅ ca = 1.0 VALID
## ✅ thal = 3.0 VALID
## 
##    SEMUA NILAI VALID!

pred1 <- predict_heart_disease(best_model_obj, patient1)
print(pred1)

##     Prediction Prob_HeartDisease Prob_NoDisease                    Status
## 1 HeartDisease              55.2           44.8 BERISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG

#Prediksi Pasien 

cat("\n TEST 2: PREDIKSI MANUAL \n")

## 
##  TEST 2: PREDIKSI MANUAL

# SESUAIKAN NILAI INI DENGAN LEVELS YANG VALID DI ATAS!
# Contoh: jika levels ca adalah "0.0", "1.0", "2.0", "3.0"
# maka gunakan "0.0" bukan "0"

patient2 <- create_patient_data_final(
  age = 30,          # Usia muda
  sex = "0",         # Perempuan
  cp = "1",          # Typical angina (ringan)
  trestbps = 110,    # Tekanan darah normal
  chol = 170,        # Kolesterol normal
  fbs = "0",         # Gula darah normal
  restecg = "0",     # EKG normal
  thalach = 185,     # Detak jantung maksimal tinggi (sehat)
  exang = "0",       # Tidak ada angina saat olahraga
  oldpeak = 0.0,     # Tidak ada ST depression
  slope = "1",       # Slope normal
  ca = "0.0",        # Tidak ada pembuluh tersumbat
  thal = "3.0"       # Normal
)

pred2<- predict_heart_disease(best_model_obj, patient2)
print(pred2)

##   Prediction Prob_HeartDisease Prob_NoDisease         Status
## 1  NoDisease               5.4           94.6 TIDAK BERISIKO