Análisis estadístico: Pipeline Shutdown

UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

Petróleos

Tema: Estadistica inferencial de variables cualitativas

grupo 2

2025-2026

Cargar Librería

library(readxl)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

## 

## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

## 

##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

## 

##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(ggplot2)
library(readr)

##Cargar datos

setwd("C:/Users/ronal/OneDrive/Desktop")
datos <- read.csv("database (1).csv", header = TRUE, sep = ",", dec = ".")

# Extraer variable

pipe_sd <- datos$Pipeline.Shutdown

# Limpiar valores vacíos o NA

pipe_sd <- pipe_sd[pipe_sd != "" & !is.na(pipe_sd)]

# Frecuencia absoluta

freq_SD <- table(pipe_sd)

# Convertir a data frame

Tabla_SD <- as.data.frame(freq_SD)
colnames(Tabla_SD) <- c("x", "ni")

# Frecuencia relativa

Tabla_SD$hi <- round(Tabla_SD$ni / sum(Tabla_SD$ni), 4)

# Fila TOTAL

fila_total_SD <- data.frame(
x  = "TOTAL",
ni = sum(Tabla_SD$ni),
hi = 1.00
)

# Tabla final

TablaFinal_SD <- rbind(Tabla_SD, fila_total_SD)

TablaFinal_SD

##       x   ni     hi
## 1    NO 1188 0.4599
## 2   YES 1395 0.5401
## 3 TOTAL 2583 1.0000

#Gráfica No.1

Tabla_SD_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_SD, x != "TOTAL")

par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_SD_graf$ni,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_SD_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.1: Frecuencia Absoluta - Pipeline Shutdown",
ylab = "Cantidad",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_SD_graf$ni) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_SD_graf$ni) * 0.10,
labels = Tabla_SD_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

#Gráfica No.2

Tabla_SD_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_SD, x != "TOTAL")

par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_SD_graf$hi,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_SD_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.2: Frecuencia Relativa - Pipeline Shutdown",
ylab = "Cantidad",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_SD_graf$hi) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_SD_graf$hi) * 0.08,
labels = Tabla_SD_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

#Gráfica No.3

Tabla_SD_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_SD, x != "TOTAL")

par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_SD_graf$hi * 100,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_SD_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.3: Porcentaje - Pipeline Shutdown",
ylab = "Porcentaje (%)",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_SD_graf$hi * 100) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_SD_graf$hi * 100) * 0.08,
labels = Tabla_SD_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

#Gráfica No.4- DIagrama Circular

Tabla_SD_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_SD, x != "TOTAL")

par(mar = c(4, 4, 4, 18))

colores <- colorRampPalette(c("#1f77b4", "#d4f1f9"))(nrow(Tabla_SD_graf))

pie(
Tabla_SD_graf$hi,
labels = NA,
col = colores,
main = "Grafica No.4: Distribucion - Pipeline Shutdown",
cex = 1.2,
radius = 1.0
)

legend(
x = 1.3, y = 0.6,
legend = paste0(
Tabla_SD_graf$x, " - ",
round(Tabla_SD_graf$hi * 100, 1), "% (",
Tabla_SD_graf$ni, " casos)"
),
fill = colores,
cex = 1.1,
bty = "n",
xpd = TRUE
)