UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

Petróleos

Tema: Estadistica inferencial de variables cualitativas

grupo 2

2025-2026

##Cargar libreria

library(readxl)
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
## 

## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

## 

##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

## 

##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(ggplot2)
library(readr)

##Cargar datos

setwd("C:/Users/ronal/OneDrive/Desktop")
datos <- read.csv("database (1).csv", header = TRUE, sep = ",", dec = ".")

# Variable Liquid Ignition
liq_ign <- datos$Liquid.Ignition   # Ajustar si nombre cambia

# Frecuencia absoluta
freq_LI <- table(liq_ign)

# Convertir a data frame
Tabla_LI <- as.data.frame(freq_LI)
colnames(Tabla_LI) <- c("x", "ni")

# Frecuencia relativa
Tabla_LI$hi <- round(Tabla_LI$ni / sum(Tabla_LI$ni), 4)

# Fila TOTAL
fila_total_LI <- data.frame(
  x  = "TOTAL",
  ni = sum(Tabla_LI$ni),
  hi = 1.00
)

# Tabla final con YES, NO y TOTAL
TablaFinal_LI <- rbind(Tabla_LI, fila_total_LI)

TablaFinal_LI
##       x   ni    hi
## 1    NO 2700 0.966
## 2   YES   95 0.034
## 3 TOTAL 2795 1.000
##Gráfica No.1

Tabla_LI_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_LI, x != "TOTAL")

options(repr.plot.width = 10, repr.plot.height = 7)
par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_LI_graf$ni,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_LI_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.1: Frecuencia Absoluta - Liquid Ignition",
ylab = "Cantidad",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_LI_graf$ni) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_LI_graf$ni) * 0.10,
labels = Tabla_LI_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

##Gráfica No.2

Tabla_LI_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_LI, x != "TOTAL")

options(repr.plot.width = 10, repr.plot.height = 7)
par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_LI_graf$hi,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_LI_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.2: Frecuencia Relativa - Liquid Ignition",
ylab = "Frecuencia Relativa",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_LI_graf$hi) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_LI_graf$hi) * 0.08,
labels = Tabla_LI_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

##Gráfica No.3

Tabla_LI_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_LI, x != "TOTAL")

options(repr.plot.width = 10, repr.plot.height = 7)
par(mar = c(8, 5, 5, 2))

bp <- barplot(
Tabla_LI_graf$hi * 100,
names.arg = rep("", nrow(Tabla_LI_graf)),
col = "#4ECDC4",
main = "Grafica No.3: Porcentaje - Liquid Ignition",
ylab = "Porcentaje (%)",
width = 1.5,
space = 1,
cex.axis = 1.2,
ylim = c(0, max(Tabla_LI_graf$hi * 100) * 1.3)
)

text(
x = bp,
y = -max(Tabla_LI_graf$hi * 100) * 0.08,
labels = Tabla_LI_graf$x,
cex = 1.2,
xpd = TRUE
)

##Gráfica No.4- Diagrama Circular

Tabla_LI_graf <- subset(TablaFinal_LI, x != "TOTAL")

options(repr.plot.width = 10, repr.plot.height = 7)
par(mar = c(4, 4, 4, 18))

colores <- colorRampPalette(c("#1f77b4", "#d4f1f9"))(nrow(Tabla_LI_graf))

pie(
Tabla_LI_graf$hi,
labels = NA,
col = colores,
main = "Grafica No.4: Distribucion - Liquid Ignition",
cex = 1.2,
radius = 1.0
)

legend(
x = 1.3,
y = 0.6,
legend = paste0(
Tabla_LI_graf$x, " - ",
round(Tabla_LI_graf$hi * 100, 1), "% (", Tabla_LI_graf$ni, " casos)"
),
fill = colores,
cex = 1.1,
bty = "n",
xpd = TRUE
)