Introduction

In this final project, eight visualizations are created to explore agricultural sustainability and climate resilience in Pakistan using three prepared datasets: wheat production, crop yields, and temperature–yield relationships. The figures include line plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and one animated and one interactive figure to illustrate production trends, regional yield differences, and climate impacts on agriculture.

Figure 1: Wheat Production by Province (Line Plot)

This figure shows wheat production trends for each province from 2010 to 2025.

Figure 2: National Wheat Production (Line Plot)

This figure aggregates provincial values to show national wheat production over time.

Figure 3: Crop Yields by Province (Grouped Bar Chart)

This figure compares the yields of major crops across provinces in 2024.

Figure 4: Average Yield by Crop (Bar Chart)

This figure shows the average yield of each crop across all provinces.

Figure 5: Temperature vs Wheat Yield (Scatter Plot)

This scatter plot examines how average growing season temperature relates to wheat yield.

Figure 6: Temperature–Yield by Province (Faceted Scatter Plot)

This figure shows separate panels for each province to highlight regional differences.

Figure 7: Animated Wheat Production by Province (Animated Plot)

This animated figure shows how wheat production by province changes over time.

Figure 8: Interactive Temperature vs Yield (Interactive Plotly)

This interactive plot allows hovering over each point to see the year, province, temperature, and yield.

Conclusions

These eight figures show that wheat production levels differ across provinces, national production has generally increased over time, crop yields vary by region and crop, and higher temperatures can be associated with reduced wheat yields in some provinces. Overall, the visualizations provide a concise view of agricultural performance and possible climate-related risks to Pakistan’s wheat-based farming systems.