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[1] 21. Introduction
This presentation is about foreign body airway obstruction in children, based on my research at Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health in Kabul.”
Why important: “Airway obstruction is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children, especially under 4 years old.”
2.Study strategies
a. Methods & Data
We studied 601 children admitted between 2011 and 2013, using bronchoscopy to confirm diagnosis.
Data included age, sex, type of foreign body, and outcomes.
b. Key Findings
61% of cases were children aged 1–4 years.
70% were boys, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1.
Most foreign bodies were food items such as pistachios (46%) and cereals (17%), but toy parts and pins were also common.
Mortality was low — only 2 deaths out of 601 cases — but misdiagnosis occurred in 4% of patients, often mistaken for asthma or tuberculosis.
c. Implications
This shows the importance of early recognition and correct diagnosis. Delays increase risk of complications such as pneumonia or emphysema.
Preventive advice to families — especially about food and small objects — is critical
3. Conclusion
Foreign body airway obstruction is preventable but remains a major public health issue in Afghanistan.
Improving awareness, rapid diagnosis, and access to trained ENT specialists can reduce mortality and morbidity.
“This research highlights the need for better health education and stronger health systems to protect children.