CHARLS Core Modules by Wave (2011–2020)
Module Theme Description 2011 2013 2015 2018 2020
Demographic_Background Core demographics Age, sex, ethnicity, hukou, birth place, migration history for main respondent and spouse. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Family_Information Family structure Household roster, parents, children, siblings, intergenerational links, co-residence, living arrangements. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Family_Transfer Intergenerational transfers Time and financial transfers to/from parents, parents-in-law, children, and other relatives. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Health_Status_and_Functioning Self-reported health & functioning Self-rated health, chronic conditions, ADL/IADL, pain, depression screening, cognitive tests. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Health_Care_and_Insurance Health care utilization & insurance Enrolment in health insurance schemes, outpatient visits, inpatient stays, OOP spending. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Household_Income Household income & expenditures Total household income from wages, self-employment, agriculture, transfers; major expenditures and public transfers. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Individual_Income Individual income & assets Individual-level labour income, private transfers, asset income, and debts. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Housing_Characteristics Housing & dwelling Housing tenure, dwelling quality, construction materials, facilities, and neighborhood characteristics. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Child Children Detailed roster of biological, step, and adopted children, including demographics, location, and contact. ✓ ✓ ✓
Parent Parents Information on respondents’ parents and parents-in-law: survival, health, support exchanges. ✓ ✓ ✓
HHmember_or_Household_Member Household members Constructed dataset of all household members, with IDs consistent across waves. ✓ ✓
Other_HHmember Other household members Loop dataset for other household members not captured in main parent/child loops. ✓
Community_PSU Sampling units Primary sampling unit identifiers (community / PSU), used for survey design and clustering. ✓ ✓
Sample_Infor Sample information Response status, refresh-sample markers, death indicators, and interview dates by wave. ✓ ✓ ✓
Weights Survey weights Cross-sectional (and biomarker) weights for each wave; panel weights need to be constructed by users. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Work_Retirement_and_Pension Labour, retirement & pensions Employment status, job history, retirement status, pension coverage and benefit receipt. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Sibling_and_Spousal_Sibling Extended kin network Constructed datasets on respondents’ siblings and spouses’ siblings, including demographics and location. ✓
Exit_Interview_or_Exit_Module Exit interviews Interviews with proxies for deceased or permanently incapacitated respondents (health, care, economic consequences). ✓ ✓
Verbal_Autopsy Cause-of-death module Detailed verbal-autopsy module to assign probable cause of death based on symptoms and events before death. ✓
COVID_Module COVID-19 shock Questionnaire on COVID-19 exposure, prevention, behavioural changes and economic impacts. ✓
Biomarker Physical measurements Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, grip strength, lung function, balance, walk speed. ✓ ✓ ✓
Blood Venous blood assays Laboratory blood biomarkers (e.g., hsCRP, HbA1c, lipids, creatinine, cystatin C) for a subsample. ✓ ✓
Cognition_HCAP Cognition & HCAP sub-study Extended cognitive battery and HCAP sub-sample for detailed neurocognitive assessment. ✓
Pension_Detail Pension institutions & schemes Detailed institutional questions on different pension schemes and eligibility (government, enterprise, rural, etc.). ✓
Insider Internal interview information Interviewer-facing internal variables, alerts, or flags specific to the 2018 wave. ✓
Interviewer_Observation Interviewer observations Interviewer-rated information on respondent cooperation, cognitive status, and interview conditions. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓