Loading the libraries
library(httr)
library(rvest)# Get a COVID-19 pandemic Wiki page using HTTP request
get_wiki_covid19_page <- function() {
# Wiki page base
wiki_url <- "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_testing_by_country"
COVID19 <- list(title="Template:COVID-19_testing_by_country")
# - Use the `GET` function in httr library with a `url` argument and a `query` arugment to get a HTTP response
Http_response <- GET(url = wiki_url, query = COVID19)
# Use the `return` function to return the response
return(Http_response )
}
# Call the get_wiki_covid19_page function and print the response
response <- get_wiki_covid19_page()Extract COVID-19 testing data table from the wiki HTML page
# Get the root html node from the http response in task 1
root_node <- read_html(response)
# Get the table node from the root html node
table_node <- html_nodes(root_node, "table")
# Read the table node and convert it into a data frame, and print the data frame for review
COVID_dframe <- as.data.frame(html_table(table_node[2]))
head(COVID_dframe)## Country.or.region Date.a. Tested Units.b. Confirmed.cases.
## 1 Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154,767 samples 49,621
## 2 Albania 18 Feb 2021 428,654 samples 96,838
## 3 Algeria 2 Nov 2020 230,553 samples 58,574
## 4 Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300,307 samples 37,958
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 399,228 samples 20,981
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 15,268 samples 832
## Confirmed..tested.. Tested..population.. Confirmed..population.. Ref.
## 1 32.1 0.40 0.13 [1]
## 2 22.6 15.0 3.4 [2]
## 3 25.4 0.53 0.13 [3][4]
## 4 12.6 387 49.0 [5]
## 5 5.3 1.3 0.067 [6]
## 6 5.4 15.9 0.86 [7]Print the summary and tail of the data frame
summary(COVID_dframe)## Country.or.region Date.a. Tested Units.b.
## Length:173 Length:173 Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Confirmed.cases. Confirmed..tested.. Tested..population..
## Length:173 Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Confirmed..population.. Ref.
## Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :charactertail(COVID_dframe)## Country.or.region
## 168 Uzbekistan
## 169 Venezuela
## 170 Vietnam
## 171 Zambia
## 172 Zimbabwe
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Date.a.
## 168 7 Sep 2020
## 169 30 Mar 2021
## 170 28 Aug 2022
## 171 10 Mar 2022
## 172 15 Oct 2022
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested
## 168 2,630,000
## 169 3,179,074
## 170 45,772,571
## 171 3,301,860
## 172 2,529,087
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Units.b.
## 168 samples
## 169 samples
## 170 samples
## 171 samples
## 172 samples
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed.cases.
## 168 43,975
## 169 159,149
## 170 11,403,302
## 171 314,850
## 172 257,893
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..tested..
## 168 1.7
## 169 5.0
## 170 24.9
## 171 9.5
## 172 10.2
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested..population..
## 168 7.7
## 169 11.0
## 170 46.4
## 171 19.0
## 172 17.0
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..population..
## 168 0.13
## 169 0.55
## 170 11.6
## 171 1.8
## 172 1.7
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Ref.
## 168 [187]
## 169 [188]
## 170 [189]
## 171 [190]
## 172 [3][191]
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.#pre-process the data
preprocess_COVID_dframe <- function(COVID_dframe){
#Remove the world row
#Covid_dframe<- COVID_dframe[!(COVID_dframe$Country.or.region=="World"),]
#Remove last row
Covid_dframe<- COVID_dframe[1:172,]
#We don't need the units and ref columns, so can be removed
Covid_dframe["Ref."] <- NULL
Covid_dframe["Units.b."] <- NULL
#Renaming the columns
names(Covid_dframe) <- c("country","date","tested","confirmed","confirmed.tested.ratio","tested.population.ratio","confirmed.population.ratio")
#Convert column data types
Covid_dframe$country <- as.factor(Covid_dframe$country)
Covid_dframe$date <- as.factor(Covid_dframe$date)
Covid_dframe$tested <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",Covid_dframe$tested))
Covid_dframe$confirmed <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",Covid_dframe$confirmed))
Covid_dframe$confirmed.tested.ratio <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",Covid_dframe$confirmed.tested.ratio))
Covid_dframe$tested.population.ratio <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",Covid_dframe$tested.population.ratio))
Covid_dframe$confirmed.population.ratio <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",Covid_dframe$confirmed.population.ratio))
}
Covid_dframe <- preprocess_COVID_dframe(COVID_dframe)
#Export the data frame to a csv file
write.table(Covid_dframe, "Shalom_Covid_Project.csv")
# Get working directory
Getwd <- getwd()
# Get exported
file_path <- paste(Getwd, sep="", "/Shalom_Covid_Project.csv")
# File path
print(file_path)## [1] "C:/Users/user/Documents/Shalom_Covid_Project.csv"file.exists(file_path)## [1] TRUERead covid_data_frame_csv from the csv file (using our processed data frame)
covid_data_frame_csv <- read.table("C:/Users/user/Documents/ShalomProject.csv",header = TRUE, sep=" ")
head(covid_data_frame_csv) ## Country Date Tested Confirmed Confirmed.tested.ratio
## 1 Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154767 49621 32.1
## 2 Albania 18 Feb 2021 428654 96838 22.6
## 3 Algeria 2 Nov 2020 230553 58574 25.4
## 4 Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300307 37958 12.6
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 399228 20981 5.3
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 15268 832 5.4
## Tested.population.ratio Confirmed.population.ratio
## 1 0.40 0.130
## 2 15.00 3.400
## 3 0.53 0.130
## 4 387.00 49.000
## 5 1.30 0.067
## 6 15.90 0.860Calculate worldwide COVID testing positive ratio
#Get the total confirmed cases worldwide
Totalconfirmed <- sum(covid_data_frame_csv$Confirmed)
Totalconfirmed## [1] 431434555#Get the total tested cases worldwide
Totaltested <- sum(covid_data_frame_csv$Tested)
Totaltested## [1] 5396881644# Get the positive ratio (confirmed/tested)
Confirmed.tested.ratio <- Totalconfirmed/Totaltested
Confirmed.tested.ratio ## [1] 0.07994145Get a country list which reported their testing data
# Get the `country` column
head(covid_data_frame_csv$Country)## [1] "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria"
## [4] "Andorra" "Angola" "Antigua and Barbuda"tail(covid_data_frame_csv$Country)## [1] "Uruguay" "Uzbekistan" "Venezuela" "Vietnam" "Zambia"
## [6] "Zimbabwe"# Convert the country column into character so that you can easily sort them
class(covid_data_frame_csv$Country)## [1] "character"# Sort the countries AtoZ
AtoZ <- sort(covid_data_frame_csv$Country,decreasing=FALSE)
# Print the sorted ZtoA list
head(AtoZ)## [1] "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria"
## [4] "Andorra" "Angola" "Antigua and Barbuda"tail(AtoZ)## [1] "Uruguay" "Uzbekistan" "Venezuela" "Vietnam" "Zambia"
## [6] "Zimbabwe"# Sort the countries ZtoA
ZtoA <- sort(covid_data_frame_csv$Country,decreasing=TRUE)
# Print the sorted ZtoA list
head(ZtoA)## [1] "Zimbabwe" "Zambia" "Vietnam" "Venezuela" "Uzbekistan"
## [6] "Uruguay"tail(ZtoA)## [1] "Antigua and Barbuda" "Angola" "Andorra"
## [4] "Algeria" "Albania" "Afghanistan"Identify countries names with a specific pattern # Use a regular expression United.+ to find matches # Print the matched country names
matches <- regexpr("United",covid_data_frame_csv$Country)
regmatches(covid_data_frame_csv$Country,matches)## [1] "United" "United" "United"Pick two countries you are interested, and then review their testing data Select a subset (should be only one row) of data frame based on a selected country name and columns
Country1 <- covid_data_frame_csv[118,c(1,2,3,5,7)]
Country1## Country Date Tested Confirmed.tested.ratio
## 118 Nigeria 28 Feb 2021 1544008 10.1
## Confirmed.population.ratio
## 118 0.076Country2 <- covid_data_frame_csv[101,c(1,2,3,5,7)]
Country2## Country Date Tested Confirmed.tested.ratio Confirmed.population.ratio
## 101 Mali 7 Jul 2021 322504 4.5 0.071Compare which one of the selected countries has a larger ratio of confirmed cases to population
if(Country1[5]>Country2[5]){
print("Nigeria is greater")
} else {
print("Mali is greater")
}## [1] "Nigeria is greater"Find countries with confirmed to population ratio rate less than a threshold
Threshold <- 1.5
covid_data_frame_csv[covid_data_frame_csv$Confirmed.population.ratio<Threshold,"Country"]## [1] "Afghanistan" "Algeria" "Angola"
## [4] "Antigua and Barbuda" "Bangladesh" "Benin"
## [7] "Brunei" "Burkina Faso" "Burundi"
## [10] "Cambodia" "Cameroon" "Chad"
## [13] "China[c]" "DR Congo" "Egypt"
## [16] "Equatorial Guinea" "Ethiopia" "Gabon"
## [19] "Gambia" "Ghana" "Grenada"
## [22] "Guinea" "Guinea-Bissau" "Haiti"
## [25] "Ivory Coast" "Japan" "Kenya"
## [28] "Kyrgyzstan" "Laos" "Liberia"
## [31] "Madagascar" "Malawi" "Mali"
## [34] "Mauritania" "Mauritius" "Mozambique"
## [37] "Myanmar" "New Caledonia" "Niger"
## [40] "Nigeria" "North Korea" "Pakistan"
## [43] "Papua New Guinea" "Rwanda" "Senegal"
## [46] "Singapore" "South Korea" "South Sudan"
## [49] "Sri Lanka" "Sudan" "Tanzania"
## [52] "Thailand" "Togo" "Uganda"
## [55] "Uzbekistan" "Venezuela"