Natural Language Processing (NLP) of English Bible (KJV) with R - Part 1
Olusola Afuwape
2025-11-18
Introduction
This project used the traditional methods of NLP and build on the previous work. Word counts, word usage similarity, word cloud, term frequency, inverse document frequency and bigram knowledge graph are the traditional NLP methods used.
Load Packages
library(pacman)
p_load(tidyverse, tidytext, stopwords, textutils, plotly, ggstatsplot, wordcloud, igraph, ggraph, widyr)Read the bible and tidy
# Load KJV of the Holy Bible
file_html <- "10-h.htm"
holy_bible <- read_lines(file(file_html), skip = 357, skip_empty_rows = TRUE)
head(holy_bible)[1] "<div class=\"chapter\">"
[2] "<h2><a name=\"The_First_Book_of_Moses_Called_Genesis\" id=\"The_First_Book_of_Moses_Called_Genesis\"></a>The First Book of Moses: Called Genesis</h2>"
[3] "<p>1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.</p>"
[4] "<p>1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon"
[5] "the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the"
[6] "waters.</p>" # Decode HTML entities such as ’, , ", etc.
holy_bible <- HTMLdecode(holy_bible)
# Remove tags from file and Character encoding
holy_bible <- holy_bible |> iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII') |> str_replace_all("<.*?>", "") |>
str_replace_all("'s$", "")
head(holy_bible)[1] ""
[2] "The First Book of Moses: Called Genesis"
[3] "1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth."
[4] "1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon"
[5] "the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the"
[6] "waters." # Remove digits representing chapters and verses
holy_bible <- gsub("[[:digit:][:punct:]]", "", holy_bible)
head(holy_bible)[1] ""
[2] "The First Book of Moses Called Genesis"
[3] " In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth"
[4] " And the earth was without form and void and darkness was upon"
[5] "the face of the deep And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the"
[6] "waters" # Removes white space at the start and end, and replaces all internal white space with a single space.
holy_bible <- holy_bible |> str_squish()List of archaic or dialect words
Words like thou, thy, thee etc, should be removed because these words are stop words.
archaic_words <- tibble(word = c("ye", "thee", "hast", "hath", "thou", "thy",
"shalt", "art", "thine", "wilt",
"didst", "saidst", "goest", "camest",
"comest", "doest", "doth", "seest", "dost",
"hadst", "cometh", "saith", "shew", "goeth",
"thyself", "wast", "yea", "nay", "wouldest",
"mayest", "doeth", "shouldest", "thereof",
"whatsoever", "wherefore", "canst", "forthwith",
"putteth", "sayest", "wheresoever", "whosoever",
"thereon", "wherewith", "whomsoever", "couldest",
"madest"))Create function
Let create a function to be able to apply the codes to each book of the Bible
process_book <- function(bible_text, book_start, book_end, stop_words, archaic_words) {
book <- tibble(text = bible_text) |>
mutate(line = row_number()) |>
filter(
between(
line,
str_which(text, book_start) + 1,
str_which(text, book_end) - 1
)
) |>
pull(text)
book_df <- tibble(line = seq_along(book), text = book)
book_tidy <- book_df |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words, by = "word") |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
mutate(book = book_start) # label with book name
return(book_tidy)
}Apply the function to the books but show only the code for the first book (Genesis)
# The Old Testament of the King James Version of the Bible
# Genesis
genesis_tidy <- process_book(
bible_text = holy_bible,
book_start = "The First Book of Moses Called Genesis",
book_end = "The Second Book of Moses Called Exodus",
stop_words = stop_words,
archaic_words = archaic_words
)# Observe some outputs
revelation_tidy |> count(word, sort = TRUE) |> head(10)## # A tibble: 10 × 2
## word n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 god 98
## 2 earth 81
## 3 heaven 56
## 4 angel 51
## 5 beast 44
## 6 voice 42
## 7 throne 39
## 8 heard 32
## 9 power 32
## 10 thousand 29psalms_tidy |> count(word, sort = TRUE) |> head(10)## # A tibble: 10 × 2
## word n
## <chr> <int>
## 1 lord 774
## 2 god 438
## 3 praise 157
## 4 earth 139
## 5 mine 134
## 6 soul 131
## 7 people 129
## 8 heart 121
## 9 mercy 98
## 10 hand 96The function above process_book() does not work for some books due to the occurrence of the function arguments more than once in these books. Thus str_which() is returning more than one match. The function is modified.
process_book <- function(bible_text, book_start, book_end, stop_words, archaic_words) {
start_line <- tail(str_which(bible_text, fixed(book_start)), 1)
end_line <- tail(str_which(bible_text, fixed(book_end)), 1)
book <- tibble(text = bible_text) |>
mutate(line = row_number()) |>
filter(between(line, start_line + 1, end_line - 1)) |>
pull(text)
book_df <- tibble(line = seq_along(book), text = book)
book_tidy <- book_df |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words, by = "word") |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
mutate(book = book_start)
return(book_tidy)
}These books are:
Chronicles, Ezra, Daniel, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
# A tibble: 10 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 solomon The Second Book of the Chronicles
2 1 son The Second Book of the Chronicles
3 1 david The Second Book of the Chronicles
4 1 strengthened The Second Book of the Chronicles
5 1 kingdom The Second Book of the Chronicles
6 2 lord The Second Book of the Chronicles
7 2 god The Second Book of the Chronicles
8 2 magnified The Second Book of the Chronicles
9 2 exceedingly The Second Book of the Chronicles
10 3 solomon The Second Book of the Chronicles# A tibble: 10 × 2
word n
<chr> <int>
1 lord 440
2 god 334
3 king 298
4 house 283
5 children 268
6 son 253
7 israel 241
8 jerusalem 198
9 judah 196
10 people 184# A tibble: 31,419 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 whoredoms Hosea
2 1 land Hosea
3 1 committed Hosea
4 1 whoredom Hosea
5 1 departing Hosea
6 2 lord Hosea
7 3 gomer Hosea
8 3 daughter Hosea
9 3 diblaim Hosea
10 4 conceived Hosea
# ℹ 31,409 more rows# A tibble: 0 × 3
# ℹ 3 variables: line <int>, word <chr>, book <chr># A tibble: 0 × 3
# ℹ 3 variables: line <int>, word <chr>, book <chr># A tibble: 0 × 3
# ℹ 3 variables: line <int>, word <chr>, book <chr># A tibble: 0 × 3
# ℹ 3 variables: line <int>, word <chr>, book <chr>The tidy approach used above does not return any value for some of the books viz. Ezra, Amos, Joel and Zephaniah. Thus, base R approach is used.
# Ezra
ezra <- holy_bible[(which(holy_bible == "Ezra")+1):(which(holy_bible == "The Book of Nehemiah")-1)]
ezra |> head()[1] "Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia that the word of"
[2] "the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled the LORD stirred"
[3] "up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia that he made a proclamation"
[4] "throughout all his kingdom and put it also in writing saying"
[5] "Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia The LORD God of heaven hath given me"
[6] "all the kingdoms of the earth and he hath charged me to build him an" # Joel
joel <- holy_bible[(which(holy_bible == "Joel")+1):(which(holy_bible == "Amos")-1)]
joel |> head()[1] "The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel"
[2] "Hear this ye old men and give ear all ye inhabitants of the land"
[3] "Hath this been in your days or even in the days of your fathers"
[4] "Tell ye your children of it and let your children tell their"
[5] "children and their children another generation"
[6] "That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten and" # Amos
amos <- holy_bible[(which(holy_bible == "Amos")+1):(which(holy_bible == "Obadiah")-1)]
amos |> head()[1] "The words of Amos who was among the herdmen of Tekoa which he"
[2] "saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah and in the"
[3] "days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel two years before the"
[4] "earthquake"
[5] "And he said The LORD will roar from Zion and utter his voice"
[6] "from Jerusalem and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn and" # Zephaniah
zephaniah <- holy_bible[(which(holy_bible == "Zephaniah")+1):(which(holy_bible == "Haggai")-1)]
zephaniah |> head()[1] "The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi"
[2] "the son of Gedaliah the son of Amariah the son of Hizkiah in the"
[3] "days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah"
[4] "I will utterly consume all things from off the land saith the"
[5] "LORD"
[6] "I will consume man and beast I will consume the fowls of the" # Create tibble, tokenize, remove stop words and archaic words
# Ezra
ezra_tidy <- tibble(line = 1:length(ezra), text = ezra, book = "Ezra") |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words) |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
select(line, word, book)Joining with `by = join_by(word)`ezra_tidy# A tibble: 2,572 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 cyrus Ezra
2 1 king Ezra
3 1 persia Ezra
4 1 word Ezra
5 2 lord Ezra
6 2 mouth Ezra
7 2 jeremiah Ezra
8 2 fulfilled Ezra
9 2 lord Ezra
10 2 stirred Ezra
# ℹ 2,562 more rows# Joel
joel_tidy <- tibble(line = 1:length(joel), text = joel, book = "Joel") |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words) |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
select(line, word, book)Joining with `by = join_by(word)`# Amos
amos_tidy <- tibble(line = 1:length(amos), text = amos, book = "Amos") |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words) |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
select(line, word, book)Joining with `by = join_by(word)`# Zephaniah
zephaniah_tidy <- tibble(line = 1:length(zephaniah), text = zephaniah, book = "Zephaniah") |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(stop_words) |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
select(line, word, book)Joining with `by = join_by(word)`Combine all the books
# Combine
bible_tidy <- bind_rows(genesis_tidy, exodus_tidy, leviticus_tidy, numbers_tidy,
deuteronomy_tidy, joshua_tidy, judges_tidy, ruth_tidy,
first_samuel_tidy, second_samuel_tidy, first_kings_tidy,
second_kings_tidy, first_chronicles_tidy, second_chronicles_tidy,
ezra_tidy, nehemiah_tidy, esther_tidy, job_tidy, psalms_tidy,
proverbs_tidy, ecclesiastes_tidy, solomon_tidy, isaiah_tidy,
jeremiah_tidy, lamentations_tidy, ezekiel_tidy, daniel_tidy,
hosea_tidy, joel_tidy, amos_tidy, obadiah_tidy, jonah_tidy,
micah_tidy, nahum_tidy, habakkuk_tidy, zephaniah_tidy,
haggai_tidy, zechariah_tidy, malachi_tidy,
# The New Testament of the King James Bible
matthew_tidy, mark_tidy, luke_tidy, john_tidy, acts_tidy,
romans_tidy, first_corinthians_tidy, second_corinthians_tidy,
galatians_tidy, ephesians_tidy, philippians_tidy, colossians_tidy,
first_thessalonians_tidy, second_thessalonians_tidy,
first_timothy_tidy, second_timothy_tidy, titus_tidy, philemon_tidy,
hebrews_tidy, james_tidy, first_peter_tidy, second_peter_tidy,
first_john_tidy, second_john_tidy, third_john_tidy, jude_tidy,
revelation_tidy)
bible_tidy <- bible_tidy |> filter(!is.na(word))
bible_tidy |> count(word, sort = TRUE) |> head(15)# A tibble: 15 × 2
word n
<chr> <int>
1 lord 8571
2 god 4976
3 son 2759
4 israel 2690
5 people 2413
6 king 2359
7 house 2117
8 children 2068
9 day 2053
10 land 1840
11 jesus 1577
12 hand 1537
13 behold 1529
14 father 1203
15 earth 1108bible_tidy |> count(word, sort = TRUE) |> tail(15)# A tibble: 15 × 2
word n
<chr> <int>
1 ziphah 1
2 ziphion 1
3 ziphron 1
4 zithri 1
5 ziz 1
6 zizah 1
7 zobebah 1
8 zoheth 1
9 zophai 1
10 zophim 1
11 zorathites 1
12 zoreah 1
13 zorites 1
14 zuriel 1
15 zuzims 1Visualization
bible_tidy |>
count(word, sort = TRUE) |>
filter(n > 800) |>
mutate(word = reorder(word, n)) |>
ggplot(aes(word, n)) + geom_col(fill = "purple", show.legend = FALSE) +
xlab(NULL) +
coord_flip()
Similarity between the books of the Bible
Different statistical and machine learning approaches can be used to quantify similarity. The similarity can be diverse including word usage similarity (Pearson/Spearman correlation or cosine similarity), thematic similarity (Topic modeling), semantic similarity (Embeddings with cosine similarity) or others.
Word usage similarity
# Calculation word proportion and spread() books
frequency_old_testament <- bind_rows(mutate(genesis_tidy, book = "Genesis"),
mutate(exodus_tidy, book = "Exodus"),
mutate(leviticus_tidy, book = "Leviticus"),
mutate(numbers_tidy, book = "Numbers"),
mutate(deuteronomy_tidy, book = "Deuteronomy"),
mutate(joshua_tidy, book = "Joshua"),
mutate(judges_tidy, book = "Judges"),
mutate(ruth_tidy, book = "Ruth"),
mutate(first_samuel_tidy, book = "First Samuel"),
mutate(second_samuel_tidy, book = "Second Samuel"),
mutate(first_kings_tidy, book = "First Kings"),
mutate(second_kings_tidy, book = "Second Kings"),
mutate(first_chronicles_tidy, book = "First Chronicles"),
mutate(second_chronicles_tidy, book = "Second Chronicles"),
mutate(ezra_tidy, book = "Ezra"),
mutate(nehemiah_tidy, book = "Nehemiah"),
mutate(esther_tidy, book = "Esther"),
mutate(job_tidy, book = "Job"),
mutate(psalms_tidy, book = "Psalms"),
mutate(proverbs_tidy, book = "Proverbs"),
mutate(ecclesiastes_tidy, book = "Ecclesiastes"),
mutate(solomon_tidy, book = "Song of Solomon"),
mutate(isaiah_tidy, book = "Isaiah"),
mutate(jeremiah_tidy, book = "Jeremiah"),
mutate(lamentations_tidy, book = "Lamentations"),
mutate(ezekiel_tidy, book = "Ezekiel"),
mutate(daniel_tidy, book = "Daniel"),
mutate(hosea_tidy, book = "Hosea"),
mutate(joel_tidy, book = "Joel"),
mutate(amos_tidy, book = "Amos"),
mutate(obadiah_tidy, book = "Obadiah"),
mutate(jonah_tidy, book = "Jonah"),
mutate(micah_tidy, book = "Micah"),
mutate(nahum_tidy, book = "Nahum"),
mutate(habakkuk_tidy, book = "Habakkuk"),
mutate(zephaniah_tidy, book = "Zephaniah"),
mutate(haggai_tidy, book = "Haggai"),
mutate(zechariah_tidy, book = "Zechariah"),
mutate(malachi_tidy, book = "Malachi")) |>
count(book, word) |>
group_by(book) |>
mutate(proportion = n / base::sum(n)) |>
select(-n) |>
spread(book, proportion)Correlation Plots for Old Testament
Genesis to Joshua
# First
first_group <- frequency_old_testament |>
select(word, Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua)
first_group |> ggcorrmat(
type = "parametric", # parametric for Pearson, nonparametric for Spearman's correlation
colors = c("darkred", "white", "steelblue") # change default colors
)
Judges to 2nd Chronicles
Ezra to Song of Solomon
Isaiah to Daniel
Hosea to Malachi
Correlation Plots for New Testament
Matthew to Romans
1st Corinthians to Titus
Philemon to Revelation
Wordclouds
#wordcloud2(data=df, size=1.6, color='random-dark')
set.seed(522)
bible_tidy |>
count(word) |>
with(wordcloud(word, n, max.words = 100, scale = c(8, 0.7), colors = brewer.pal(9, "Set1"), rot.per=.15))
Term Frequency (tf) - Inverse Document Frequency (idf): tf-idf
Collections of the Books
The function below is used for each book of the bible but only the code for the book of Genesis is shown
process_book <- function(bible_text, book_start, book_end, stop_words, archaic_words) {
book <- tibble(text = bible_text) |>
mutate(line = row_number()) |>
filter(
between(
line,
str_which(text, book_start) + 1,
str_which(text, book_end) - 1
)
) |>
pull(text)
book_df <- tibble(line = seq_along(book), text = book)
book_tidy <- book_df |>
unnest_tokens(word, text) |>
anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word") |>
mutate(book = book_start) # label with book name
return(book_tidy)
}
# Genesis
genesis_stop <- process_book(
bible_text = holy_bible,
book_start = "The First Book of Moses Called Genesis",
book_end = "The Second Book of Moses Called Exodus",
archaic_words = archaic_words
)
genesis_stop |> head()# A tibble: 6 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 in The First Book of Moses Called Genesis
2 1 the The First Book of Moses Called Genesis
3 1 beginning The First Book of Moses Called Genesis
4 1 god The First Book of Moses Called Genesis
5 1 created The First Book of Moses Called Genesis
6 1 the The First Book of Moses Called Genesis## # A tibble: 6 × 3
## line word book
## <int> <chr> <chr>
## 1 1 the The Revelation of Saint John the Devine
## 2 1 revelation The Revelation of Saint John the Devine
## 3 1 of The Revelation of Saint John the Devine
## 4 1 jesus The Revelation of Saint John the Devine
## 5 1 christ The Revelation of Saint John the Devine
## 6 1 which The Revelation of Saint John the Devine# A tibble: 6 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 and The Second Book of the Chronicles
2 1 solomon The Second Book of the Chronicles
3 1 the The Second Book of the Chronicles
4 1 son The Second Book of the Chronicles
5 1 of The Second Book of the Chronicles
6 1 david The Second Book of the Chronicles# A tibble: 6 × 3
line word book
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 the Zephaniah
2 1 word Zephaniah
3 1 of Zephaniah
4 1 the Zephaniah
5 1 lord Zephaniah
6 1 which Zephaniahtf_idf Visuals
Books of Moses and Joshua
bible_stop_mos <- bind_rows(genesis_stop, exodus_stop, leviticus_stop, numbers_stop,
deuteronomy_stop, joshua_stop)
bible_stop_mos <- bible_stop_mos |> filter(!is.na(word))
bible_counts_mos <- bible_stop_mos |>
dplyr::count(book, word, sort = TRUE)
bible_tf_idf_mos <- bible_counts_mos |>
bind_tf_idf(word, book, n)
bible_tf_idf_mos |>
arrange(desc(tf_idf)) |>
group_by(book) |>
slice_max(tf_idf, n = 10) |>
ungroup() |>
ggplot(aes(tf_idf, fct_reorder(word, tf_idf), fill = book)) +
geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
facet_wrap(~book, ncol = 2, scales = "free") +
labs(x = "tf-idf", y = NULL)
Judges to the Chronicles
Ezra to Song of Solomon
Isaiah to Daniel
Hosea to Micah
Nahum to Malachi
Matthew to Romans
Corinthians to Colossians
Thessalonians and Timothys
Titus to James
Peters and Johns
Jude and Revelation
Tokenizing by n-gram
Old Testament
Genesis Bigram
genesis <- tibble(text = holy_bible) |>
mutate(line = row_number()) |>
filter(
between(
line,
str_which(text, "The First Book of Moses Called Genesis") + 1,
str_which(text, "The Second Book of Moses Called Exodus") - 1
)
) |>
pull(text)
head(genesis)[1] "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth"
[2] "And the earth was without form and void and darkness was upon"
[3] "the face of the deep And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the"
[4] "waters"
[5] "And God said Let there be light and there was light"
[6] "And God saw the light that it was good and God divided the light" gen_df2 <- tibble(line = 1:length(genesis), word = genesis)
gen_df2 <- gen_df2 |> anti_join(archaic_words, by = "word")
g_gram <- gen_df2 |>
unnest_tokens(bigram, word, token = "ngrams", n = 2) |>
filter(!is.na(bigram)) |>
count(bigram, sort = TRUE)
bi_g_gram <- g_gram |>
separate(bigram, c("word1", "word2"), sep = " ")
g_gram_filtered <- bi_g_gram |>
filter(!word1 %in% stop_words$word) |>
filter(!word2 %in% stop_words$word) |>
filter(!word1 %in% archaic_words$word) |>
filter(!word2 %in% archaic_words$word)
g_count <- g_gram_filtered |>
count(word1, word2, sort = TRUE) |>
slice_head(n = 100)
g_gram_graph <- g_count |>
graph_from_data_frame()
g_gram_graphIGRAPH 64cd286 DN-- 108 100 --
+ attr: name (v/c), n (e/n)
+ edges from 64cd286 (vertex names):
[1] abimelech->called abimelech->charged abimelech->king
[4] abimelech->rose abraham ->abraham abraham ->answered
[7] abraham ->bought abraham ->bowed abraham ->buried
[10] abraham ->called abraham ->cast abraham ->circumcised
[13] abraham ->drew abraham ->dwelt abraham ->fell
[16] abraham ->gat abraham ->hastened abraham ->hearkened
[19] abraham ->journeyed abraham ->lifted abraham ->mocking
[22] abraham ->obeyed abraham ->planted abraham ->prayed
+ ... omitted several edgesset.seed(432)
a <- grid::arrow(type = "closed", length = unit(.10, "inches"))
ggraph(g_gram_graph, layout = "fr") +
geom_edge_link(aes(edge_alpha = n), show.legend = FALSE, arrow = a) +
geom_node_point(color = "maroon", size = 3) +
geom_node_text(aes(label = name), vjust = 1, hjust = 1) +
theme_void()
Exodus Bigram
[1] "Now these are the names of the children of Israel which came"
[2] "into Egypt every man and his household came with Jacob"
[3] "Reuben Simeon Levi and Judah Issachar Zebulun and"
[4] "Benjamin Dan and Naphtali Gad and Asher"
[5] "And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy"
[6] "souls for Joseph was in Egypt already" 
Leviticus Bigram
[1] "And the LORD called unto Moses and spake unto him out of the"
[2] "tabernacle of the congregation saying Speak unto the children of"
[3] "Israel and say unto them If any man of you bring an offering unto"
[4] "the LORD ye shall bring your offering of the cattle even of the"
[5] "herd and of the flock"
[6] "If his offering be a burnt sacrifice of the herd let him offer a" 
Numbers Bigram
[1] "And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai in the"
[2] "tabernacle of the congregation on the first day of the second month"
[3] "in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt"
[4] "saying Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of"
[5] "Israel after their families by the house of their fathers with the"
[6] "number of their names every male by their polls From twenty" 
Deuteronomy Bigram
[1] "These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side"
[2] "Jordan in the wilderness in the plain over against the Red sea"
[3] "between Paran and Tophel and Laban and Hazeroth and Dizahab"
[4] NA
[5] "Seir unto Kadeshbarnea And it came to pass in the fortieth"
[6] "year in the eleventh month on the first day of the month that Moses"
Joshua Bigram
[1] "Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to"
[2] NA
[3] "saying Moses my servant is dead now therefore arise go over"
[4] "this Jordan thou and all this people unto the land which I do give"
[5] "to them even to the children of Israel"
[6] "Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon that have" 
Judges Bigram
[1] "Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass that the children"
[2] "of Israel asked the LORD saying Who shall go up for us against the"
[3] "Canaanites first to fight against them And the LORD said Judah"
[4] "shall go up behold I have delivered the land into his hand"
[5] "And Judah said unto Simeon his brother Come up with me into my"
[6] "lot that we may fight against the Canaanites and I likewise will go"
Ruth Bigram
[1] "Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled that there"
[2] "was a famine in the land And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to"
[3] "sojourn in the country of Moab he and his wife and his two sons"
[4] "And the name of the man was Elimelech and the name of his wife"
[5] "Naomi and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion Ephrathites of"
[6] "Bethlehemjudah And they came into the country of Moab and continued" 
First Samuel Bigram
[1] "Otherwise Called"
[2] "The First Book of the Kings"
[3] "Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim of mount Ephraim"
[4] "and his name was Elkanah the son of Jeroham the son of Elihu the"
[5] "son of Tohu the son of Zuph an Ephrathite And he had two wives"
[6] "the name of the one was Hannah and the name of the other Peninnah"
Second Samuel Bigram
[1] "Otherwise Called"
[2] "The Second Book of the Kings"
[3] "Now it came to pass after the death of Saul when David was"
[4] "returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites and David had abode two"
[5] "days in Ziklag It came even to pass on the third day that"
[6] "behold a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent" 
First Kings Bigram
[1] "Now king David was old and stricken in years and they covered"
[2] "him with clothes but he gat no heat"
[3] "Wherefore his servants said unto him Let there be sought for my"
[4] "lord the king a young virgin and let her stand before the king and"
[5] "let her cherish him and let her lie in thy bosom that my lord the"
[6] "king may get heat" 
Second Kings Bigram
[1] "Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab"
[2] "And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that"
[3] "was in Samaria and was sick and he sent messengers and said unto"
[4] "them Go enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whether I shall"
[5] "recover of this disease"
[6] "But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite Arise go" 
First Chronicles Bigram
[1] "Adam Sheth Enosh Kenan Mahalaleel Jered Henoch"
[2] "Methuselah Lamech Noah Shem Ham and Japheth"
[3] "The sons of Japheth Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and"
[4] "Tubal and Meshech and Tiras"
[5] "And the sons of Gomer Ashchenaz and Riphath and Togarmah"
[6] "And the sons of Javan Elishah and Tarshish Kittim and Dodanim"
Second Chronicles Bigram
[1] "And Solomon the son of David was strengthened in his kingdom and"
[2] "the LORD his God was with him and magnified him exceedingly"
[3] "Then Solomon spake unto all Israel to the captains of thousands"
[4] "and of hundreds and to the judges and to every governor in all"
[5] "Israel the chief of the fathers"
[6] "So Solomon and all the congregation with him went to the high" 
Ezra Bigram
[1] "Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia that the word of"
[2] "the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled the LORD stirred"
[3] "up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia that he made a proclamation"
[4] "throughout all his kingdom and put it also in writing saying"
[5] "Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia The LORD God of heaven hath given me"
[6] "all the kingdoms of the earth and he hath charged me to build him an" 
Nehemiah Bigram
[1] "The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah And it came to pass"
[2] "in the month Chisleu in the twentieth year as I was in Shushan the"
[3] "palace That Hanani one of my brethren came he and certain men"
[4] "of Judah and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped which"
[5] "were left of the captivity and concerning Jerusalem"
[6] "And they said unto me The remnant that are left of the captivity" 
Esther Bigram
[1] "Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus this is Ahasuerus"
[2] "which reigned from India even unto Ethiopia over an hundred and"
[3] "seven and twenty provinces That in those days when the king"
[4] "Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom which was in Shushan the"
[5] "palace In the third year of his reign he made a feast unto all"
[6] "his princes and his servants the power of Persia and Media the" 
Job Bigram
[1] "There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job and that"
[2] "man was perfect and upright and one that feared God and eschewed evil"
[3] "And there were born unto him seven sons and three daughters"
[4] "His substance also was seven thousand sheep and three thousand"
[5] "camels and five hundred yoke of oxen and five hundred she asses and"
[6] "a very great household so that this man was the greatest of all the" 
Psalms Bigram
[1] "Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly"
[2] "nor standeth in the way of sinners nor sitteth in the seat of the"
[3] "scornful"
[4] "But his delight is in the law of the LORD and in his law doth he"
[5] "meditate day and night"
[6] "And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water that" 
Proverbs Bigram
[1] "The proverbs of Solomon the son of David king of Israel To"
[2] "know wisdom and instruction to perceive the words of understanding"
[3] "To receive the instruction of wisdom justice and judgment and"
[4] "equity To give subtilty to the simple to the young man knowledge"
[5] "and discretion"
[6] "A wise man will hear and will increase learning and a man of" 
Ecclesiastes Bigram
[1] "or"
[2] "The Preacher"
[3] "The words of the Preacher the son of David king in Jerusalem"
[4] "Vanity of vanities saith the Preacher vanity of vanities all is"
[5] "vanity"
[6] "What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the"
Song of Solomon Bigram
[1] NA
[2] "Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth for thy love is"
[3] "better than wine"
[4] "Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as"
[5] "ointment poured forth therefore do the virgins love thee"
[6] "Draw me we will run after thee the king hath brought me into his"
Isaiah Bigram
[1] "The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz which he saw concerning"
[2] "Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah Jotham Ahaz and Hezekiah"
[3] "kings of Judah"
[4] "Hear O heavens and give ear O earth for the LORD hath spoken"
[5] "I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled"
[6] "against me" 
Jeremiah Bigram
[1] "The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah of the priests that"
[2] "were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin To whom the word of the"
[3] "LORD came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah in the"
[4] "thirteenth year of his reign"
[5] "It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of"
[6] "Judah unto the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah the son of Josiah"
Lamentations Bigram
[1] "How doth the city sit solitary that was full of people how is"
[2] "she become as a widow she that was great among the nations and"
[3] "princess among the provinces how is she become tributary She"
[4] "weepeth sore in the night and her tears are on her cheeks among all"
[5] "her lovers she hath none to comfort her all her friends have dealt"
[6] "treacherously with her they are become her enemies" 
Ezekiel Bigram
[1] "Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year in the fourth month"
[2] "in the fifth day of the month as I was among the captives by the river"
[3] "of Chebar that the heavens were opened and I saw visions of God"
[4] "In the fifth day of the month which was the fifth year of king"
[5] NA
[6] "Ezekiel the priest the son of Buzi in the land of the Chaldeans by" 
Daniel Bigram
[1] "In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came"
[2] "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem and besieged it"
[3] "And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand with part"
[4] "of the vessels of the house of God which he carried into the land of"
[5] "Shinar to the house of his god and he brought the vessels into the"
[6] "treasure house of his god" 
Hosea Bigram
[1] "The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea the son of Beeri in"
[2] "the days of Uzziah Jotham Ahaz and Hezekiah kings of Judah and in"
[3] "the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel"
[4] "The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea And the LORD said"
[5] "to Hosea Go take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of"
[6] "whoredoms for the land hath committed great whoredom departing from"
Joel Bigram
[1] "The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel"
[2] "Hear this ye old men and give ear all ye inhabitants of the land"
[3] "Hath this been in your days or even in the days of your fathers"
[4] "Tell ye your children of it and let your children tell their"
[5] "children and their children another generation"
[6] "That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten and" 
Amos Bigram
[1] "The words of Amos who was among the herdmen of Tekoa which he"
[2] "saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah and in the"
[3] "days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel two years before the"
[4] "earthquake"
[5] "And he said The LORD will roar from Zion and utter his voice"
[6] "from Jerusalem and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn and" 
Obadiah Bigram
[1] "We have heard a rumour from the LORD and an ambassador is sent among"
[2] "the heathen Arise ye and let us rise up against her in battle"
[3] "Behold I have made thee small among the heathen thou art greatly"
[4] "despised"
[5] "The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee thou that dwellest in"
[6] "the clefts of the rock whose habitation is high that saith in his" 
Jonah Bigram
[1] "And he said I do well to be angry even unto death"
[2] "Then said the LORD Thou hast had pity on the gourd for the"
[3] "which thou hast not laboured neither madest it grow which came up in"
[4] "a night and perished in a night And should not I spare Nineveh"
[5] "that great city wherein are more then sixscore thousand persons that"
[6] "cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand and also"
Micah Bigram
[1] "days of Jotham Ahaz and Hezekiah kings of Judah which he saw"
[2] "concerning Samaria and Jerusalem"
[3] "Hear all ye people hearken O earth and all that therein is"
[4] "and let the Lord GOD be witness against you the LORD from his holy"
[5] "temple"
[6] "For behold the LORD cometh forth out of his place and will come" 
Nahum Bigram
[1] "God is jealous and the LORD revengeth the LORD revengeth and is"
[2] "furious the LORD will take vengeance on his adversaries and he"
[3] "reserveth wrath for his enemies"
[4] "The LORD is slow to anger and great in power and will not at all"
[5] "acquit the wicked the LORD hath his way in the whirlwind and in the"
[6] "storm and the clouds are the dust of his feet" 
Habakkuk Bigram
[1] "O LORD I have heard thy speech and was afraid O LORD revive"
[2] "thy work in the midst of the years in the midst of the years make"
[3] "known in wrath remember mercy"
[4] "God came from Teman and the Holy One from mount Paran Selah His"
[5] "glory covered the heavens and the earth was full of his praise"
[6] "And his brightness was as the light he had horns coming out of" 
Zephaniah Bigram
[1] "The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi"
[2] "the son of Gedaliah the son of Amariah the son of Hizkiah in the"
[3] "days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah"
[4] "I will utterly consume all things from off the land saith the"
[5] "LORD"
[6] "I will consume man and beast I will consume the fowls of the" 
Haggai Bigram
[1] "twentieth day of the month saying Speak to Zerubbabel governor"
[2] "of Judah saying I will shake the heavens and the earth And I"
[3] "will overthrow the throne of kingdoms and I will destroy the strength"
[4] "of the kingdoms of the heathen and I will overthrow the chariots and"
[5] "those that ride in them and the horses and their riders shall come"
[6] "down every one by the sword of his brother" 
Zechariah Bigram
[1] "Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts saying Execute true judgment"
[2] "and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother And"
[3] "oppress not the widow nor the fatherless the stranger nor the poor"
[4] "and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart"
[5] "But they refused to hearken and pulled away the shoulder and"
[6] "stopped their ears that they should not hear" 
Malachi Bigram
[1] "I have loved you saith the LORD Yet ye say Wherein hast thou"
[2] NA
[3] "Jacob And I hated Esau and laid his mountains and his heritage"
[4] "waste for the dragons of the wilderness"
[5] "Whereas Edom saith We are impoverished but we will return and"
[6] "build the desolate places thus saith the LORD of hosts They shall"
New Testament
Matthew Bigram
[1] "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ the son of David the"
[2] "son of Abraham"
[3] "Abraham begat Isaac and Isaac begat Jacob and Jacob begat Judas"
[4] "and his brethren And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar and"
[5] "Phares begat Esrom and Esrom begat Aram And Aram begat Aminadab"
[6] "and Aminadab begat Naasson and Naasson begat Salmon And Salmon" 
Mark Bigram
[1] "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ the Son of God"
[2] "As it is written in the prophets Behold I send my messenger before"
[3] "thy face which shall prepare thy way before thee"
[4] "The voice of one crying in the wilderness Prepare ye the way of"
[5] "the Lord make his paths straight"
[6] "John did baptize in the wilderness and preach the baptism of" 
Luke Bigram
[1] "Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a"
[2] "declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us"
[3] "Even as they delivered them unto us which from the beginning were"
[4] "eyewitnesses and ministers of the word It seemed good to me"
[5] "also having had perfect understanding of all things from the very"
[6] "first to write unto thee in order most excellent Theophilus" 
John Bigram
[1] "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the"
[2] "Word was God"
[3] "The same was in the beginning with God"
[4] "All things were made by him and without him was not any thing"
[5] "made that was made"
[6] "In him was life and the life was the light of men" 
Acts Bigram
[1] "The former treatise have I made O Theophilus of all that Jesus"
[2] "began both to do and teach Until the day in which he was taken"
[3] "up after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto"
[4] "the apostles whom he had chosen To whom also he shewed himself"
[5] "alive after his passion by many infallible proofs being seen of them"
[6] "forty days and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of" 
Romans Bigram
[1] "Paul a servant of Jesus Christ called to be an apostle"
[2] "separated unto the gospel of God Which he had promised afore by"
[3] "his prophets in the holy scriptures Concerning his Son Jesus"
[4] "Christ our Lord which was made of the seed of David according to the"
[5] "flesh And declared to be the Son of God with power according to"
[6] "the spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead By whom" 
First Corinthians Bigram
[1] "Paul called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of"
[2] "God and Sosthenes our brother Unto the church of God which is at"
[3] "Corinth to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus called to be"
[4] "saints with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus"
[5] "Christ our Lord both theirs and ours Grace be unto you and"
[6] "peace from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ" 
Second Corinthians Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God and Timothy"
[2] "our brother unto the church of God which is at Corinth with all the"
[3] "saints which are in all Achaia Grace be to you and peace from God"
[4] "our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ"
[5] "Blessed be God even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ the"
[6] "Father of mercies and the God of all comfort Who comforteth us" 
Galatians Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle not of men neither by man but by Jesus"
[2] "Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead And all"
[3] "the brethren which are with me unto the churches of Galatia"
[4] "Grace be to you and peace from God the Father and from our Lord Jesus"
[5] "Christ Who gave himself for our sins that he might deliver us"
[6] "from this present evil world according to the will of God and our" 
Ephesians Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God to the"
[2] "saints which are at Ephesus and to the faithful in Christ Jesus"
[3] "Grace be to you and peace from God our Father and from the Lord"
[4] "Jesus Christ"
[5] "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who hath"
[6] "blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ"
Philippians Bigram
[1] "Paul and Timotheus the servants of Jesus Christ to all the"
[2] "saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi with the bishops and"
[3] "deacons Grace be unto you and peace from God our Father and"
[4] "from the Lord Jesus Christ"
[5] "I thank my God upon every remembrance of you Always in every"
[6] "prayer of mine for you all making request with joy For your" 
Colossians Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God"
[2] "and Timotheus our brother To the saints and faithful brethren"
[3] "in Christ which are at Colosse Grace be unto you and peace"
[4] "from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ"
[5] "We give thanks to God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ praying"
[6] "always for you" 
First Thessalonians Bigram
[1] "Paul and Silvanus and Timotheus unto the church of the"
[2] "Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ"
[3] "Grace be unto you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus"
[4] "Christ"
[5] "We give thanks to God always for you all making mention of you in"
[6] "our prayers Remembering without ceasing your work of faith and" 
Second Thessalonians Bigram
[1] "Paul and Silvanus and Timotheus unto the church of the"
[2] "Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ Grace"
[3] "unto you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ"
[4] "We are bound to thank God always for you brethren as it is meet"
[5] "because that your faith groweth exceedingly and the charity of every"
[6] "one of you all toward each other aboundeth So that we ourselves" 
First Timothy Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our"
[2] "Saviour and Lord Jesus Christ which is our hope Unto Timothy"
[3] "my own son in the faith Grace mercy and peace from God our Father"
[4] "and Jesus Christ our Lord"
[5] "As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus when I went into"
[6] "Macedonia that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other"
Second Timothy Bigram
[1] "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God according to"
[2] "the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus To Timothy"
[3] "my dearly beloved son Grace mercy and peace from God the Father"
[4] "and Christ Jesus our Lord"
[5] "I thank God whom I serve from my forefathers with pure"
[6] "conscience that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my"
Titus Bigram
[1] "Paul a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ according"
[2] NA
[3] "is after godliness In hope of eternal life which God that"
[4] "cannot lie promised before the world began But hath in due times"
[5] "manifested his word through preaching which is committed unto me"
[6] "according to the commandment of God our Saviour To Titus mine" 
Philemon Bigram
[1] "Paul a prisoner of Jesus Christ and Timothy our brother unto"
[2] "Philemon our dearly beloved and fellowlabourer And to our"
[3] "beloved Apphia and Archippus our fellowsoldier and to the church in"
[4] "thy house Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the"
[5] "Lord Jesus Christ"
[6] "I thank my God making mention of thee always in my prayers" 
Hebrews Bigram
[1] "God who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past"
[2] "unto the fathers by the prophets Hath in these last days spoken"
[3] "unto us by his Son whom he hath appointed heir of all things by whom"
[4] "also he made the worlds Who being the brightness of his glory"
[5] "and the express image of his person and upholding all things by the"
[6] "word of his power when he had by himself purged our sins sat down on"
James Bigram
[1] "James a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ"
[2] "to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad greeting"
[3] "My brethren count it all joy when ye fall into divers"
[4] "temptations Knowing this that the trying of your faith worketh"
[5] "patience"
[6] "But let patience have her perfect work that ye may be perfect and"
First Peter Bigram
[1] "Peter an apostle of Jesus Christ to the strangers scattered"
[2] "throughout Pontus Galatia Cappadocia Asia and Bithynia Elect"
[3] "according to the foreknowledge of God the Father through"
[4] "sanctification of the Spirit unto obedience and sprinkling of the"
[5] "blood of Jesus Christ Grace unto you and peace be multiplied"
[6] "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ which" 
Second Peter Bigram
[1] "Simon Peter a servant and an apostle of Jesus Christ to them"
[2] "that have obtained like precious faith with us through the"
[3] "righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ Grace and peace"
[4] "be multiplied unto you through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our"
[5] "Lord According as his divine power hath given unto us all things"
[6] "that pertain unto life and godliness through the knowledge of him" 
First John Bigram
[1] "That which was from the beginning which we have heard which we"
[2] "have seen with our eyes which we have looked upon and our hands have"
[3] "handled of the Word of life For the life was manifested and we"
[4] "have seen it and bear witness and shew unto you that eternal life"
[5] "which was with the Father and was manifested unto us That which"
[6] "we have seen and heard declare we unto you that ye also may have" 
Second John Bigram
[1] "The elder unto the elect lady and her children whom I love in"
[2] "the truth and not I only but also all they that have known the"
[3] NA
[4] "with us for ever"
[5] "Grace be with you mercy and peace from God the Father and from"
[6] "the Lord Jesus Christ the Son of the Father in truth and love" 
Third John Bigram
[1] "The elder unto the wellbeloved Gaius whom I love in the truth"
[2] "Beloved I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be"
[3] "in health even as thy soul prospereth"
[4] "For I rejoiced greatly when the brethren came and testified of"
[5] "the truth that is in thee even as thou walkest in the truth"
[6] "I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth"
Jude Bigram
[1] "Jude the servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James to them"
[2] "that are sanctified by God the Father and preserved in Jesus Christ"
[3] "and called Mercy unto you and peace and love be multiplied"
[4] "Beloved when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common"
[5] "salvation it was needful for me to write unto you and exhort you"
[6] "that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once" 
Revelation Bigram
[1] "The Revelation of Jesus Christ which God gave unto him to shew"
[2] "unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass and he sent"
[3] "and signified it by his angel unto his servant John Who bare"
[4] "record of the word of God and of the testimony of Jesus Christ and"
[5] "of all things that he saw"
[6] "Blessed is he that readeth and they that hear the words of this" 
Conclusion
The bi-gram networks (knowledge graphs) of each book of the bible could be generated with better language such as Neo4j’s cipher language for GraphQL. The part 2 of this analysis will use modern NLP methods such as embeddings, machine learning and deep learning. Watch out for it!