Covid19 project
GANIU RAHEEM
2025-10-27
library(httr)## Warning: package 'httr' was built under R version 4.5.2library(rvest)## Warning: package 'rvest' was built under R version 4.5.2library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.1 ✔ stringr 1.5.2
## ✔ ggplot2 4.0.0 ✔ tibble 3.3.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.1.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ readr::guess_encoding() masks rvest::guess_encoding()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(knitr)COVID_19 PROJECT
AIM
The aim is to explore COVID-19 testing and case data of different countries. and compare countries, identify patterns, such as confirmed cases related to the population.
Objectives
i Get a subset of the extracted data frame.
ii Calculate worldwide COVID testing positive ratio.
iii Get a country list which reported their testing data.
iv Identify countries names with a specific pattern.
v Compare which one of the selected countries has a larger ratio of confirmed cases to population.
vi Find countries with confirmed cases to population ratio rate less than a threshold
Get a COVID-19 pandemic Wiki page using HTTP
#
get_wiki_covid19_page <- function() {
wiki_base_url <- "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php"
url_param <- list(title = "Template:COVID-19_testing_by_country")
# - Use the `GET` function in httr library with a `url` argument and a `query` arugment to get a HTTP response
result <- GET(url = wiki_base_url, query = url_param)
# Use the `return` function to return the response
return(result)
}
# Call the get_wiki_covid19_page function and print the response
response <- get_wiki_covid19_page()
response## Response [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACOVID-19_testing_by_country]
## Date: 2025-11-19 11:09
## Status: 200
## Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
## Size: 456 kB
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-fea...
## <head>
## <meta charset="UTF-8">
## <title>Template:COVID-19 testing by country - Wikipedia</title>
## <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-heade...
## RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.st...
## <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return...
## }];});});</script>
## <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%...
## ...Extract COVID-19 testing data table from the wiki HTML page/Get the root html node from the http response in task 1
root_node <- read_html(response)
root_node## {html_document}
## <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr">
## [1] <head>\n<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8 ...
## [2] <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawik ...# Get the table node from the root html node
table_node <- html_nodes(root_node, "table")
table_node## {xml_nodeset (4)}
## [1] <table class="box-Update plainlinks ombox ombox-content ambox-Update" rol ...
## [2] <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable collapsible autocollapse ...
## [3] <table class="plainlinks ombox mbox-small ombox-notice" role="presentatio ...
## [4] <table class="wikitable mw-templatedata-doc-params">\n<caption><p class=" ...#Read the table node from the root html node
Covid19 <- as.data.frame(html_table(table_node[2]))
Covid19## Country.or.region
## 1 Afghanistan
## 2 Albania
## 3 Algeria
## 4 Andorra
## 5 Angola
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda
## 7 Argentina
## 8 Armenia
## 9 Australia
## 10 Austria
## 11 Azerbaijan
## 12 Bahamas
## 13 Bahrain
## 14 Bangladesh
## 15 Barbados
## 16 Belarus
## 17 Belgium
## 18 Belize
## 19 Benin
## 20 Bhutan
## 21 Bolivia
## 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina
## 23 Botswana
## 24 Brazil
## 25 Brunei
## 26 Bulgaria
## 27 Burkina Faso
## 28 Burundi
## 29 Cambodia
## 30 Cameroon
## 31 Canada
## 32 Chad
## 33 Chile
## 34 China[c]
## 35 Colombia
## 36 Costa Rica
## 37 Croatia
## 38 Cuba
## 39 Cyprus[d]
## 40 Czechia
## 41 Denmark[e]
## 42 Djibouti
## 43 Dominica
## 44 Dominican Republic
## 45 DR Congo
## 46 Ecuador
## 47 Egypt
## 48 El Salvador
## 49 Equatorial Guinea
## 50 Estonia
## 51 Eswatini
## 52 Ethiopia
## 53 Faroe Islands
## 54 Fiji
## 55 Finland
## 56 France[f][g]
## 57 Gabon
## 58 Gambia
## 59 Georgia[h]
## 60 Germany
## 61 Ghana
## 62 Greece
## 63 Greenland
## 64 Grenada
## 65 Guatemala
## 66 Guinea
## 67 Guinea-Bissau
## 68 Guyana
## 69 Haiti
## 70 Honduras
## 71 Hungary
## 72 Iceland
## 73 India
## 74 Indonesia
## 75 Iran
## 76 Iraq
## 77 Ireland
## 78 Israel
## 79 Italy
## 80 Ivory Coast
## 81 Jamaica
## 82 Japan
## 83 Jordan
## 84 Kazakhstan
## 85 Kenya
## 86 Kosovo
## 87 Kuwait
## 88 Kyrgyzstan
## 89 Laos
## 90 Latvia
## 91 Lebanon
## 92 Lesotho
## 93 Liberia
## 94 Libya
## 95 Lithuania
## 96 Luxembourg[i]
## 97 Madagascar
## 98 Malawi
## 99 Malaysia
## 100 Maldives
## 101 Mali
## 102 Malta
## 103 Mauritania
## 104 Mauritius
## 105 Mexico
## 106 Moldova[j]
## 107 Mongolia
## 108 Montenegro
## 109 Morocco
## 110 Mozambique
## 111 Myanmar
## 112 Namibia
## 113 Nepal
## 114 Netherlands
## 115 New Caledonia
## 116 New Zealand
## 117 Niger
## 118 Nigeria
## 119 North Korea
## 120 North Macedonia
## 121 Northern Cyprus[k]
## 122 Norway
## 123 Oman
## 124 Pakistan
## 125 Palestine
## 126 Panama
## 127 Papua New Guinea
## 128 Paraguay
## 129 Peru
## 130 Philippines
## 131 Poland
## 132 Portugal
## 133 Qatar
## 134 Romania
## 135 Russia
## 136 Rwanda
## 137 Saint Kitts and Nevis
## 138 Saint Lucia
## 139 Saint Vincent
## 140 San Marino
## 141 Saudi Arabia
## 142 Senegal
## 143 Serbia
## 144 Singapore
## 145 Slovakia
## 146 Slovenia
## 147 South Africa
## 148 South Korea
## 149 South Sudan
## 150 Spain
## 151 Sri Lanka
## 152 Sudan
## 153 Sweden
## 154 Switzerland[l]
## 155 Taiwan[m]
## 156 Tanzania
## 157 Thailand
## 158 Togo
## 159 Trinidad and Tobago
## 160 Tunisia
## 161 Turkey
## 162 Uganda
## 163 Ukraine
## 164 United Arab Emirates
## 165 United Kingdom
## 166 United States
## 167 Uruguay
## 168 Uzbekistan
## 169 Venezuela
## 170 Vietnam
## 171 Zambia
## 172 Zimbabwe
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Date.a.
## 1 17 Dec 2020
## 2 18 Feb 2021
## 3 2 Nov 2020
## 4 23 Feb 2022
## 5 2 Feb 2021
## 6 6 Mar 2021
## 7 16 Apr 2022
## 8 29 May 2022
## 9 9 Sep 2022
## 10 1 Feb 2023
## 11 11 May 2022
## 12 28 Nov 2022
## 13 3 Dec 2022
## 14 24 Jul 2021
## 15 14 Oct 2022
## 16 9 May 2022
## 17 24 Jan 2023
## 18 8 Jun 2022
## 19 4 May 2021
## 20 28 Feb 2022
## 21 5 Jun 2022
## 22 27 Sep 2022
## 23 11 Jan 2022
## 24 19 Feb 2021
## 25 2 Aug 2021
## 26 2 Feb 2023
## 27 4 Mar 2021
## 28 5 Jan 2021
## 29 1 Aug 2021
## 30 18 Feb 2021
## 31 26 Nov 2022
## 32 2 Mar 2021
## 33 1 Feb 2023
## 34 31 Jul 2020
## 35 24 Nov 2022
## 36 2 Nov 2021
## 37 2 Feb 2023
## 38 2 Feb 2023
## 39 29 Jan 2023
## 40 1 Feb 2023
## 41 31 Jan 2023
## 42 28 Apr 2022
## 43 20 Jun 2022
## 44 22 Jul 2022
## 45 28 Feb 2021
## 46 23 Jul 2021
## 47 23 Jul 2021
## 48 18 Mar 2022
## 49 30 Jan 2023
## 50 31 Jan 2023
## 51 8 Dec 2021
## 52 24 Jun 2021
## 53 27 Feb 2022
## 54 2 Jan 2023
## 55 14 Jan 2022
## 56 15 May 2022
## 57 23 Jul 2021
## 58 15 Feb 2021
## 59 3 Nov 2021
## 60 7 Jul 2021
## 61 3 Jul 2021
## 62 18 Dec 2022
## 63 30 Jan 2022
## 64 11 May 2021
## 65 6 Jan 2023
## 66 21 Jul 2021
## 67 7 Jul 2022
## 68 15 Jun 2022
## 69 26 Nov 2022
## 70 26 Nov 2021
## 71 10 May 2022
## 72 9 Aug 2022
## 73 8 Jul 2022
## 74 3 Jul 2023
## 75 31 May 2022
## 76 3 Aug 2022
## 77 31 Jan 2023
## 78 17 Jan 2022
## 79 16 Mar 2023
## 80 3 Mar 2021
## 81 30 Sep 2022
## 82 1 Mar 2021
## 83 6 Jun 2021
## 84 28 May 2021
## 85 5 Mar 2021
## 86 31 May 2021
## 87 9 Mar 2022
## 88 10 Feb 2021
## 89 1 Mar 2021
## 90 5 Sep 2021
## 91 14 Jun 2021
## 92 30 Mar 2022
## 93 17 Jul 2021
## 94 14 Apr 2022
## 95 31 Jan 2023
## 96 12 May 2022
## 97 19 Feb 2021
## 98 29 Nov 2022
## 99 7 Sep 2021
## 100 13 Mar 2022
## 101 7 Jul 2021
## 102 8 Sep 2021
## 103 16 Apr 2021
## 104 22 Nov 2020
## 105 15 Oct 2021
## 106 20 Apr 2022
## 107 10 Jul 2021
## 108 10 May 2021
## 109 6 Jan 2023
## 110 22 Jul 2021
## 111 16 Sep 2021
## 112 4 Jul 2022
## 113 26 Jul 2022
## 114 6 Jul 2021
## 115 3 Sep 2021
## 116 29 Jan 2023
## 117 22 Feb 2021
## 118 28 Feb 2021
## 119 25 Nov 2020
## 120 1 Jul 2021
## 121 12 Jul 2022
## 122 20 Jan 2022
## 123 28 Oct 2020
## 124 5 Mar 2021
## 125 5 Feb 2022
## 126 28 Jan 2023
## 127 17 Feb 2021
## 128 27 Mar 2022
## 129 17 Nov 2022
## 130 7 Jan 2023
## 131 27 Apr 2022
## 132 5 Jan 2022
## 133 11 Nov 2022
## 134 29 Jan 2021
## 135 6 Jun 2022
## 136 6 Oct 2021
## 137 26 Aug 2021
## 138 7 Oct 2022
## 139 28 Jan 2023
## 140 29 Jan 2023
## 141 26 Apr 2022
## 142 12 Jul 2021
## 143 2 Feb 2023
## 144 3 Aug 2021
## 145 2 Feb 2023
## 146 2 Feb 2023
## 147 24 May 2021
## 148 1 Mar 2021
## 149 26 May 2021
## 150 1 Jul 2021
## 151 30 Mar 2021
## 152 7 Jan 2021
## 153 24 May 2021
## 154 7 Nov 2022
## 155 3 Feb 2023
## 156 18 Nov 2020
## 157 4 Mar 2021
## 158 6 Jan 2023
## 159 3 Jan 2022
## 160 23 Aug 2021
## 161 2 Jul 2021
## 162 11 Feb 2021
## 163 24 Nov 2021
## 164 1 Feb 2023
## 165 19 May 2022
## 166 29 Jul 2022
## 167 16 Apr 2022
## 168 7 Sep 2020
## 169 30 Mar 2021
## 170 28 Aug 2022
## 171 10 Mar 2022
## 172 15 Oct 2022
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested
## 1 154,767
## 2 428,654
## 3 230,553
## 4 300,307
## 5 399,228
## 6 15,268
## 7 35,716,069
## 8 3,099,602
## 9 78,548,492
## 10 205,817,752
## 11 6,838,458
## 12 259,366
## 13 10,578,766
## 14 7,417,714
## 15 770,100
## 16 13,217,569
## 17 36,548,544
## 18 572,900
## 19 595,112
## 20 1,736,168
## 21 4,358,669
## 22 1,872,934
## 23 2,026,898
## 24 23,561,497
## 25 153,804
## 26 10,993,239
## 27 158,777
## 28 90,019
## 29 1,812,706
## 30 942,685
## 31 66,343,123
## 32 99,027
## 33 48,154,268
## 34 160,000,000
## 35 36,875,818
## 36 2,575,363
## 37 5,481,285
## 38 14,301,394
## 39 27,820,163
## 40 22,544,928
## 41 67,682,707
## 42 305,941
## 43 209,803
## 44 3,574,665
## 45 124,838
## 46 1,627,189
## 47 3,137,519
## 48 1,847,861
## 49 403,773
## 50 3,637,908
## 51 415,110
## 52 2,981,185
## 53 774,000
## 54 667,953
## 55 9,042,453
## 56 272,417,258
## 57 958,807
## 58 43,217
## 59 4,888,787
## 60 65,247,345
## 61 1,305,749
## 62 101,576,831
## 63 164,573
## 64 28,684
## 65 6,800,560
## 66 494,898
## 67 145,231
## 68 648,569
## 69 223,475
## 70 1,133,782
## 71 11,394,556
## 72 1,988,652
## 73 866,177,937
## 74 76,062,770
## 75 52,269,202
## 76 19,090,652
## 77 12,990,476
## 78 41,373,364
## 79 269,127,054
## 80 429,177
## 81 1,184,973
## 82 8,487,288
## 83 7,407,053
## 84 11,575,012
## 85 1,322,806
## 86 611,357
## 87 7,754,247
## 88 695,415
## 89 114,030
## 90 3,630,095
## 91 4,599,186
## 92 431,221
## 93 128,246
## 94 2,578,215
## 95 9,046,584
## 96 4,248,188
## 97 119,608
## 98 624,784
## 99 23,705,425
## 100 2,216,560
## 101 322,504
## 102 1,211,456
## 103 268,093
## 104 289,552
## 105 10,503,678
## 106 3,213,594
## 107 3,354,200
## 108 394,388
## 109 14,217,563
## 110 688,570
## 111 4,047,680
## 112 1,062,663
## 113 5,804,358
## 114 14,526,293
## 115 41,962
## 116 7,757,935
## 117 79,321
## 118 1,544,008
## 119 16,914
## 120 881,870
## 121 7,096,998
## 122 9,811,888
## 123 509,959
## 124 9,173,593
## 125 3,078,533
## 126 7,475,016
## 127 47,490
## 128 2,609,819
## 129 36,073,768
## 130 34,402,980
## 131 36,064,311
## 132 27,515,490
## 133 4,061,988
## 134 5,405,393
## 135 295,542,733
## 136 2,885,812
## 137 30,231
## 138 212,132
## 139 113,504
## 140 192,613
## 141 41,849,069
## 142 624,502
## 143 12,185,475
## 144 16,206,203
## 145 7,391,882
## 146 2,826,117
## 147 11,378,282
## 148 6,592,010
## 149 164,472
## 150 54,128,524
## 151 2,384,745
## 152 158,804
## 153 9,996,795
## 154 23,283,909
## 155 30,275,725
## 156 3,880
## 157 1,579,597
## 158 807,269
## 159 512,730
## 160 2,893,625
## 161 61,236,294
## 162 852,444
## 163 15,648,456
## 164 198,685,717
## 165 522,526,476
## 166 929,349,291
## 167 6,089,116
## 168 2,630,000
## 169 3,179,074
## 170 45,772,571
## 171 3,301,860
## 172 2,529,087
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Units.b.
## 1 samples
## 2 samples
## 3 samples
## 4 samples
## 5 samples
## 6 samples
## 7 samples
## 8 samples
## 9 samples
## 10 samples
## 11 samples
## 12 samples
## 13 samples
## 14 samples
## 15 samples
## 16 samples
## 17 samples
## 18 samples
## 19 samples
## 20 samples
## 21 cases
## 22 samples
## 23
## 24 samples
## 25 samples
## 26 samples
## 27 samples
## 28
## 29
## 30 samples
## 31 samples
## 32 samples
## 33 samples
## 34 cases
## 35 samples
## 36 samples
## 37 cases
## 38 samples
## 39 samples
## 40 samples
## 41 samples
## 42
## 43 cases
## 44 samples
## 45
## 46 samples
## 47 samples
## 48 samples
## 49
## 50 samples
## 51
## 52 samples
## 53 samples
## 54 samples
## 55 samples
## 56 samples
## 57 samples
## 58 samples
## 59 samples
## 60 samples
## 61 samples
## 62 samples
## 63 samples
## 64
## 65 samples
## 66 samples
## 67
## 68 cases
## 69 cases
## 70 samples
## 71 samples
## 72 samples
## 73 samples
## 74 cases
## 75 samples
## 76 samples
## 77 samples
## 78 samples
## 79 samples
## 80 samples
## 81 samples
## 82
## 83 samples
## 84 samples
## 85 samples
## 86 cases
## 87 samples
## 88 samples
## 89 cases
## 90 samples
## 91 samples
## 92
## 93
## 94 samples
## 95 samples
## 96 samples
## 97 cases
## 98 samples
## 99 cases
## 100 samples
## 101 samples
## 102 samples
## 103
## 104 samples
## 105 cases
## 106 samples
## 107 cases
## 108 samples
## 109 cases
## 110 samples
## 111 samples
## 112 samples
## 113 samples
## 114 cases
## 115 samples
## 116 samples
## 117 cases
## 118 samples
## 119 cases
## 120 samples
## 121 samples
## 122 samples
## 123 samples
## 124 samples
## 125 samples
## 126 samples
## 127 cases
## 128 samples
## 129 samples
## 130 samples
## 131 samples
## 132 samples
## 133 cases
## 134 samples
## 135 samples
## 136 samples
## 137 cases
## 138 samples
## 139 cases
## 140 samples
## 141 samples
## 142 samples
## 143 cases
## 144 samples
## 145 samples
## 146 samples
## 147 cases
## 148 samples
## 149
## 150 samples
## 151 samples
## 152 samples
## 153 samples
## 154 samples
## 155 samples
## 156
## 157 cases
## 158
## 159 cases
## 160 samples
## 161 samples
## 162 samples
## 163 samples
## 164 samples
## 165 samples
## 166 samples
## 167 samples
## 168 samples
## 169 samples
## 170 samples
## 171 samples
## 172 samples
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed.cases.
## 1 49,621
## 2 96,838
## 3 58,574
## 4 37,958
## 5 20,981
## 6 832
## 7 9,060,495
## 8 422,963
## 9 10,112,229
## 10 5,789,991
## 11 792,638
## 12 37,483
## 13 696,614
## 14 1,151,644
## 15 103,014
## 16 982,809
## 17 4,691,499
## 18 60,694
## 19 7,884
## 20 12,702
## 21 910,228
## 22 399,887
## 23 232,432
## 24 10,081,676
## 25 338
## 26 1,295,524
## 27 12,123
## 28 884
## 29 77,914
## 30 32,681
## 31 4,423,053
## 32 4,020
## 33 5,123,007
## 34 87,655
## 35 6,314,769
## 36 561,054
## 37 1,267,798
## 38 1,112,470
## 39 644,160
## 40 4,590,529
## 41 3,399,947
## 42 15,631
## 43 14,821
## 44 626,030
## 45 25,961
## 46 480,720
## 47 283,947
## 48 161,052
## 49 17,113
## 50 613,954
## 51 49,253
## 52 278,446
## 53 34,237
## 54 68,848
## 55 371,135
## 56 29,183,646
## 57 25,325
## 58 4,469
## 59 732,965
## 60 3,733,519
## 61 96,708
## 62 5,548,487
## 63 10,662
## 64 161
## 65 1,230,098
## 66 24,878
## 67 8,400
## 68 66,129
## 69 33,874
## 70 377,859
## 71 1,909,948
## 72 203,162
## 73 43,585,554
## 74 6,812,127
## 75 7,232,268
## 76 2,448,484
## 77 1,700,817
## 78 1,792,137
## 79 25,651,205
## 80 33,285
## 81 151,931
## 82 432,773
## 83 739,847
## 84 385,144
## 85 107,729
## 86 107,410
## 87 624,573
## 88 85,253
## 89 45
## 90 144,518
## 91 542,649
## 92 32,910
## 93 5,396
## 94 501,862
## 95 1,170,108
## 96 244,182
## 97 19,831
## 98 88,086
## 99 1,880,734
## 100 174,658
## 101 14,449
## 102 36,606
## 103 18,103
## 104 494
## 105 3,749,860
## 106 516,864
## 107 136,053
## 108 98,449
## 109 1,272,299
## 110 105,866
## 111 440,741
## 112 166,229
## 113 984,475
## 114 1,692,834
## 115 136
## 116 2,136,662
## 117 4,740
## 118 155,657
## 119 0
## 120 155,689
## 121 103,034
## 122 554,778
## 123 114,434
## 124 588,728
## 125 574,105
## 126 1,029,701
## 127 961
## 128 647,950
## 129 4,177,786
## 130 4,073,980
## 131 5,993,861
## 132 1,499,976
## 133 473,440
## 134 724,250
## 135 18,358,459
## 136 98,209
## 137 995
## 138 29,550
## 139 9,585
## 140 23,427
## 141 753,632
## 142 46,509
## 143 2,473,599
## 144 65,315
## 145 1,861,034
## 146 1,322,282
## 147 1,637,848
## 148 90,029
## 149 10,688
## 150 3,821,305
## 151 93,128
## 152 23,316
## 153 1,074,751
## 154 4,276,836
## 155 8,622,129
## 156 509
## 157 26,162
## 158 39,358
## 159 92,997
## 160 703,732
## 161 5,435,831
## 162 39,979
## 163 3,367,461
## 164 1,049,537
## 165 22,232,377
## 166 90,749,469
## 167 895,592
## 168 43,975
## 169 159,149
## 170 11,403,302
## 171 314,850
## 172 257,893
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..tested..
## 1 32.1
## 2 22.6
## 3 25.4
## 4 12.6
## 5 5.3
## 6 5.4
## 7 25.4
## 8 13.6
## 9 12.9
## 10 2.8
## 11 11.6
## 12 14.5
## 13 6.6
## 14 15.5
## 15 13.4
## 16 7.4
## 17 12.8
## 18 10.6
## 19 1.3
## 20 0.73
## 21 20.9
## 22 21.4
## 23 11.5
## 24 42.8
## 25 0.22
## 26 11.8
## 27 7.6
## 28 0.98
## 29 4.3
## 30 3.5
## 31 6.7
## 32 4.1
## 33 10.6
## 34 0.055
## 35 17.1
## 36 21.8
## 37 23.1
## 38 7.8
## 39 2.3
## 40 20.4
## 41 5.0
## 42 5.1
## 43 7.1
## 44 17.5
## 45 20.8
## 46 29.5
## 47 9.1
## 48 8.7
## 49 4.2
## 50 16.9
## 51 11.9
## 52 9.3
## 53 4.4
## 54 10.3
## 55 4.1
## 56 10.7
## 57 2.6
## 58 10.3
## 59 15.0
## 60 5.7
## 61 7.4
## 62 5.5
## 63 6.5
## 64 0.56
## 65 18.1
## 66 5.0
## 67 5.8
## 68 10.2
## 69 15.2
## 70 33.3
## 71 16.8
## 72 10.2
## 73 5.0
## 74 9.0
## 75 13.8
## 76 12.8
## 77 13.1
## 78 4.3
## 79 9.5
## 80 7.8
## 81 12.8
## 82 5.1
## 83 10.0
## 84 3.3
## 85 8.1
## 86 17.6
## 87 8.1
## 88 12.3
## 89 0.039
## 90 4.0
## 91 11.8
## 92 7.6
## 93 4.2
## 94 19.5
## 95 12.9
## 96 5.7
## 97 16.6
## 98 14.1
## 99 7.9
## 100 7.9
## 101 4.5
## 102 3.0
## 103 6.8
## 104 0.17
## 105 35.7
## 106 16.1
## 107 4.1
## 108 25.0
## 109 8.9
## 110 15.4
## 111 10.9
## 112 15.6
## 113 17.0
## 114 11.7
## 115 0.32
## 116 27.5
## 117 6.0
## 118 10.1
## 119 0
## 120 17.7
## 121 1.5
## 122 5.7
## 123 22.4
## 124 6.4
## 125 18.6
## 126 13.8
## 127 2.0
## 128 24.8
## 129 11.6
## 130 11.8
## 131 16.6
## 132 5.5
## 133 11.7
## 134 13.4
## 135 6.2
## 136 3.4
## 137 3.3
## 138 13.9
## 139 8.4
## 140 12.2
## 141 1.8
## 142 7.4
## 143 20.3
## 144 0.40
## 145 25.2
## 146 46.8
## 147 14.4
## 148 1.4
## 149 6.5
## 150 7.1
## 151 3.9
## 152 14.7
## 153 10.8
## 154 18.4
## 155 28.48
## 156 13.1
## 157 1.7
## 158 4.9
## 159 18.1
## 160 24.3
## 161 8.9
## 162 4.7
## 163 21.5
## 164 0.53
## 165 4.3
## 166 9.8
## 167 14.7
## 168 1.7
## 169 5.0
## 170 24.9
## 171 9.5
## 172 10.2
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested..population..
## 1 0.40
## 2 15.0
## 3 0.53
## 4 387
## 5 1.3
## 6 15.9
## 7 78.3
## 8 105
## 9 313
## 10 2,312
## 11 69.1
## 12 67.3
## 13 674
## 14 4.5
## 15 268
## 16 139
## 17 317
## 18 140
## 19 5.1
## 20 234
## 21 38.1
## 22 54.7
## 23 89.9
## 24 11.2
## 25 33.5
## 26 158
## 27 0.76
## 28 0.76
## 29 11.2
## 30 3.6
## 31 175
## 32 0.72
## 33 252
## 34 11.1
## 35 76.4
## 36 51.5
## 37 134
## 38 126
## 39 3,223
## 40 211
## 41 1,162
## 42 33.2
## 43 293
## 44 32.9
## 45 0.14
## 46 9.5
## 47 3.1
## 48 28.5
## 49 30.8
## 50 274
## 51 36.5
## 52 2.6
## 53 1,493
## 54 74.5
## 55 163
## 56 417
## 57 3.1
## 58 2.0
## 59 132
## 60 77.8
## 61 4.2
## 62 943
## 63 293
## 64 25.7
## 65 39.4
## 66 3.8
## 67 7.7
## 68 82.5
## 69 2.0
## 70 11.8
## 71 118
## 72 546
## 73 63
## 74 28.2
## 75 62.8
## 76 47.5
## 77 264
## 78 451
## 79 446
## 80 1.6
## 81 43.5
## 82 6.7
## 83 69.5
## 84 62.1
## 85 2.8
## 86 33.8
## 87 181
## 88 10.7
## 89 1.6
## 90 189
## 91 67.4
## 92 21.5
## 93 2.5
## 94 37.6
## 95 324
## 96 679
## 97 0.46
## 98 3.3
## 99 72.3
## 100 398
## 101 1.6
## 102 245
## 103 6.1
## 104 22.9
## 105 8.2
## 106 122
## 107 100
## 108 62.5
## 109 38.5
## 110 2.2
## 111 7.4
## 112 38.7
## 113 20.7
## 114 83.4
## 115 15.7
## 116 156
## 117 0.35
## 118 0.75
## 119 0.066
## 120 42.5
## 121 2,177
## 122 183
## 123 11.0
## 124 4.2
## 125 60.9
## 126 179
## 127 0.53
## 128 36.6
## 129 109.9
## 130 34.1
## 131 94.0
## 132 268
## 133 141
## 134 27.9
## 135 201
## 136 22.3
## 137 57.6
## 138 116.6
## 139 103.0
## 140 563
## 141 120
## 142 3.9
## 143 175
## 144 284
## 145 135
## 146 135
## 147 19.2
## 148 12.7
## 149 1.3
## 150 116
## 151 10.9
## 152 0.36
## 153 96.8
## 154 270
## 155 128.3
## 156 0.0065
## 157 2.3
## 158 9.4
## 159 37.6
## 160 24.5
## 161 73.6
## 162 1.9
## 163 37.2
## 164 2,070
## 165 774
## 166 281
## 167 175
## 168 7.7
## 169 11.0
## 170 46.4
## 171 19.0
## 172 17.0
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..population..
## 1 0.13
## 2 3.4
## 3 0.13
## 4 49.0
## 5 0.067
## 6 0.86
## 7 20.0
## 8 14.3
## 9 40.3
## 10 65.0
## 11 8.0
## 12 9.7
## 13 44.4
## 14 0.70
## 15 35.9
## 16 10.4
## 17 40.7
## 18 14.9
## 19 0.067
## 20 1.71
## 21 8.0
## 22 11.7
## 23 10.3
## 24 4.8
## 25 0.074
## 26 18.6
## 27 0.058
## 28 0.0074
## 29 0.48
## 30 0.12
## 31 11.7
## 32 0.029
## 33 26.9
## 34 0.0061
## 35 13.1
## 36 11.2
## 37 31.1
## 38 9.8
## 39 74.4
## 40 42.9
## 41 58.4
## 42 1.7
## 43 20.7
## 44 5.8
## 45 0.029
## 46 2.8
## 47 0.28
## 48 2.5
## 49 1.3
## 50 46.2
## 51 4.3
## 52 0.24
## 53 65.7
## 54 7.7
## 55 6.7
## 56 44.7
## 57 0.082
## 58 0.21
## 59 19.7
## 60 4.5
## 61 0.31
## 62 51.5
## 63 19.0
## 64 0.14
## 65 7.1
## 66 0.19
## 67 0.45
## 68 8.4
## 69 0.30
## 70 3.9
## 71 19.8
## 72 55.8
## 73 31.7
## 74 2.5
## 75 8.7
## 76 6.1
## 77 34.6
## 78 19.5
## 79 42.5
## 80 0.13
## 81 5.6
## 82 0.34
## 83 6.9
## 84 2.1
## 85 0.23
## 86 5.9
## 87 14.6
## 88 1.3
## 89 0.00063
## 90 7.5
## 91 8.0
## 92 1.6
## 93 0.11
## 94 7.3
## 95 41.9
## 96 39.0
## 97 0.076
## 98 0.46
## 99 5.7
## 100 31.3
## 101 0.071
## 102 7.4
## 103 0.41
## 104 0.039
## 105 2.9
## 106 19.6
## 107 4.1
## 108 15.6
## 109 3.4
## 110 0.34
## 111 0.81
## 112 6.1
## 113 3.5
## 114 9.7
## 115 0.050
## 116 42.9
## 117 0.021
## 118 0.076
## 119 0
## 120 7.5
## 121 31.6
## 122 10.3
## 123 2.5
## 124 0.27
## 125 11.4
## 126 24.7
## 127 0.011
## 128 9.1
## 129 12.7
## 130 4.0
## 131 15.6
## 132 14.6
## 133 16.4
## 134 3.7
## 135 12.5
## 136 0.76
## 137 1.9
## 138 16.2
## 139 8.7
## 140 68.4
## 141 2.2
## 142 0.29
## 143 35.5
## 144 1.1
## 145 34.1
## 146 63.1
## 147 2.8
## 148 0.17
## 149 0.084
## 150 8.2
## 151 0.43
## 152 0.053
## 153 10.4
## 154 49.7
## 155 36.528
## 156 0.00085
## 157 0.038
## 158 0.46
## 159 6.8
## 160 6.0
## 161 6.5
## 162 0.087
## 163 8.0
## 164 10.9
## 165 32.9
## 166 27.4
## 167 25.8
## 168 0.13
## 169 0.55
## 170 11.6
## 171 1.8
## 172 1.7
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Ref.
## 1 [1]
## 2 [2]
## 3 [3][4]
## 4 [5]
## 5 [6]
## 6 [7]
## 7 [8]
## 8 [9]
## 9 [10]
## 10 [11]
## 11 [12]
## 12 [13]
## 13 [14]
## 14 [15]
## 15 [16]
## 16 [17]
## 17 [18]
## 18 [19][20]
## 19 [21]
## 20 [22]
## 21 [23]
## 22 [24]
## 23 [25][26]
## 24 [27][28]
## 25 [29]
## 26 [30]
## 27 [3][31]
## 28 [32]
## 29 [33]
## 30 [3]
## 31 [34]
## 32 [3][35]
## 33 [36]
## 34 [37][38]
## 35 [39][40]
## 36 [41]
## 37 [42]
## 38 [43][44]
## 39 [45]
## 40 [46]
## 41 [47][48]
## 42 [49]
## 43 [50]
## 44 [51]
## 45 [3][52]
## 46 [53]
## 47 [3][54]
## 48 [55]
## 49 [56]
## 50 [57]
## 51 [58]
## 52 [59]
## 53 [60]
## 54 [61]
## 55 [62]
## 56 [63]
## 57 [64]
## 58 [65]
## 59 [66]
## 60 [67][68]
## 61 [69]
## 62 [70]
## 63 [71]
## 64 [72]
## 65 [73]
## 66 [3][74]
## 67 [75]
## 68 [76]
## 69 [77]
## 70 [78]
## 71 [79]
## 72 [80]
## 73 [81][82]
## 74
## 75 [83]
## 76 [84]
## 77 [85]
## 78 [86]
## 79 [87]
## 80 [88]
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## 83 [91]
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## 93 [101]
## 94 [3][102]
## 95 [103][104]
## 96 [105]
## 97 [106]
## 98 [107]
## 99 [108]
## 100 [109][110]
## 101 [3][111]
## 102 [112]
## 103 [113]
## 104 [114]
## 105 [115]
## 106 [116]
## 107 [117]
## 108 [118][119]
## 109 [120]
## 110 [121]
## 111 [122]
## 112 [123]
## 113 [124]
## 114 [125]
## 115 [126]
## 116 [127][128]
## 117 [129]
## 118 [130]
## 119 [131]
## 120 [132][133]
## 121 [134]
## 122 [135]
## 123 [136]
## 124 [137]
## 125 [138]
## 126 [139]
## 127 [140]
## 128 [141]
## 129 [142]
## 130 [143][144]
## 131 [145]
## 132 [146]
## 133 [147]
## 134 [148]
## 135 [149][150]
## 136 [151]
## 137 [152]
## 138 [153]
## 139 [154]
## 140 [155]
## 141 [156]
## 142 [157]
## 143 [158]
## 144 [159][160]
## 145 [161]
## 146 [162]
## 147 [163][164]
## 148 [165]
## 149 [166]
## 150 [167][168]
## 151 [169][170]
## 152 [3]
## 153 [171][172]
## 154 [173]
## 155 [174]
## 156 [3]
## 157 [175]
## 158 [176]
## 159 [177]
## 160 [178]
## 161 [179]
## 162 [180]
## 163 [181]
## 164 [182]
## 165 [183]
## 166 [184][185]
## 167 [186]
## 168 [187]
## 169 [188]
## 170 [189]
## 171 [190]
## 172 [3][191]
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.# head,tail and summary of the data
head(Covid19) ## Country.or.region Date.a. Tested Units.b. Confirmed.cases.
## 1 Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154,767 samples 49,621
## 2 Albania 18 Feb 2021 428,654 samples 96,838
## 3 Algeria 2 Nov 2020 230,553 samples 58,574
## 4 Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300,307 samples 37,958
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 399,228 samples 20,981
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 15,268 samples 832
## Confirmed..tested.. Tested..population.. Confirmed..population.. Ref.
## 1 32.1 0.40 0.13 [1]
## 2 22.6 15.0 3.4 [2]
## 3 25.4 0.53 0.13 [3][4]
## 4 12.6 387 49.0 [5]
## 5 5.3 1.3 0.067 [6]
## 6 5.4 15.9 0.86 [7]tail(Covid19)## Country.or.region
## 168 Uzbekistan
## 169 Venezuela
## 170 Vietnam
## 171 Zambia
## 172 Zimbabwe
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Date.a.
## 168 7 Sep 2020
## 169 30 Mar 2021
## 170 28 Aug 2022
## 171 10 Mar 2022
## 172 15 Oct 2022
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested
## 168 2,630,000
## 169 3,179,074
## 170 45,772,571
## 171 3,301,860
## 172 2,529,087
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Units.b.
## 168 samples
## 169 samples
## 170 samples
## 171 samples
## 172 samples
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed.cases.
## 168 43,975
## 169 159,149
## 170 11,403,302
## 171 314,850
## 172 257,893
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..tested..
## 168 1.7
## 169 5.0
## 170 24.9
## 171 9.5
## 172 10.2
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Tested..population..
## 168 7.7
## 169 11.0
## 170 46.4
## 171 19.0
## 172 17.0
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Confirmed..population..
## 168 0.13
## 169 0.55
## 170 11.6
## 171 1.8
## 172 1.7
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.
## Ref.
## 168 [187]
## 169 [188]
## 170 [189]
## 171 [190]
## 172 [3][191]
## 173 .mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}\n^ Local time.\n\n^ For some countries it is unclear whether they report samples or cases. One person tested twice is recorded as one case and two samples.\n\n^ Excluding Taiwan.\n\n^ Excluding Northern Cyprus.\n\n^ Excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands.\n\n^ Excluding Overseas France.\n\n^ Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP.\n\n^ Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.\n\n^ Data for residents only.\n\n^ Excluding Transnistria.\n\n^ Northern Cyprus is not recognized as a sovereign state by any country except Turkey.\n\n^ Includes data for Liechtenstein.\n\n^ Not a United Nations member.summary(Covid19)## Country.or.region Date.a. Tested Units.b.
## Length:173 Length:173 Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Confirmed.cases. Confirmed..tested.. Tested..population..
## Length:173 Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Confirmed..population.. Ref.
## Length:173 Length:173
## Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :characterstr(Covid19)## 'data.frame': 173 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ Country.or.region : chr "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria" "Andorra" ...
## $ Date.a. : chr "17 Dec 2020" "18 Feb 2021" "2 Nov 2020" "23 Feb 2022" ...
## $ Tested : chr "154,767" "428,654" "230,553" "300,307" ...
## $ Units.b. : chr "samples" "samples" "samples" "samples" ...
## $ Confirmed.cases. : chr "49,621" "96,838" "58,574" "37,958" ...
## $ Confirmed..tested.. : chr "32.1" "22.6" "25.4" "12.6" ...
## $ Tested..population.. : chr "0.40" "15.0" "0.53" "387" ...
## $ Confirmed..population..: chr "0.13" "3.4" "0.13" "49.0" ...
## $ Ref. : chr "[1]" "[2]" "[3][4]" "[5]" ...Remove the the last column and convert column data type
preprocess_covid_data_frame <- function(Covid19) {
# Remove the last row
Covid19_dframe <- Covid19 [1:172, ]
# We don't need the Units and Ref columns, so can be removed
Covid19_dframe ["Ref."] <- NULL
Covid19_dframe ["Units.b."] <- NULL
# Renaming the columns
names( Covid19_dframe ) <- c("country", "date", "tested", "confirmed", "confirmed.tested.ratio", "tested.population.ratio", "confirmed.population.ratio")
# Convert column data types
Covid19_dframe $country <- as.factor( Covid19_dframe$country)
Covid19_dframe $date <- as.factor( Covid19_dframe$date)
Covid19_dframe $tested <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", Covid19_dframe$tested))
Covid19_dframe $confirmed <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", Covid19_dframe$confirmed))
Covid19_dframe $'confirmed.tested.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", Covid19_dframe$'confirmed.tested.ratio'))
Covid19_dframe $'tested.population.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", Covid19_dframe$`tested.population.ratio`))
Covid19_dframe$'confirmed.population.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","", Covid19_dframe$`confirmed.population.ratio`))
return(Covid19_dframe )
}Pre-process the extracted data frame from the previous step, and export it as a csv file
# Call the preprocessing function and store the result
Covid19_dframe <- preprocess_covid_data_frame(Covid19)
# Now you can inspect the structure
str(Covid19_dframe)## 'data.frame': 172 obs. of 7 variables:
## $ country : Factor w/ 172 levels "Afghanistan",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ date : Factor w/ 141 levels "1 Aug 2021","1 Feb 2023",..: 32 38 49 60 44 124 29 90 141 2 ...
## $ tested : num 154767 428654 230553 300307 399228 ...
## $ confirmed : num 49621 96838 58574 37958 20981 ...
## $ confirmed.tested.ratio : num 32.1 22.6 25.4 12.6 5.3 5.4 25.4 13.6 12.9 2.8 ...
## $ tested.population.ratio : num 0.4 15 0.53 387 1.3 ...
## $ confirmed.population.ratio: num 0.13 3.4 0.13 49 0.067 0.86 20 14.3 40.3 65 ...Covid19_dframe <- preprocess_covid_data_frame(Covid19)
Covid19_dframe ## country date tested confirmed
## 1 Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154767 49621
## 2 Albania 18 Feb 2021 428654 96838
## 3 Algeria 2 Nov 2020 230553 58574
## 4 Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300307 37958
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 399228 20981
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 15268 832
## 7 Argentina 16 Apr 2022 35716069 9060495
## 8 Armenia 29 May 2022 3099602 422963
## 9 Australia 9 Sep 2022 78548492 10112229
## 10 Austria 1 Feb 2023 205817752 5789991
## 11 Azerbaijan 11 May 2022 6838458 792638
## 12 Bahamas 28 Nov 2022 259366 37483
## 13 Bahrain 3 Dec 2022 10578766 696614
## 14 Bangladesh 24 Jul 2021 7417714 1151644
## 15 Barbados 14 Oct 2022 770100 103014
## 16 Belarus 9 May 2022 13217569 982809
## 17 Belgium 24 Jan 2023 36548544 4691499
## 18 Belize 8 Jun 2022 572900 60694
## 19 Benin 4 May 2021 595112 7884
## 20 Bhutan 28 Feb 2022 1736168 12702
## 21 Bolivia 5 Jun 2022 4358669 910228
## 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 Sep 2022 1872934 399887
## 23 Botswana 11 Jan 2022 2026898 232432
## 24 Brazil 19 Feb 2021 23561497 10081676
## 25 Brunei 2 Aug 2021 153804 338
## 26 Bulgaria 2 Feb 2023 10993239 1295524
## 27 Burkina Faso 4 Mar 2021 158777 12123
## 28 Burundi 5 Jan 2021 90019 884
## 29 Cambodia 1 Aug 2021 1812706 77914
## 30 Cameroon 18 Feb 2021 942685 32681
## 31 Canada 26 Nov 2022 66343123 4423053
## 32 Chad 2 Mar 2021 99027 4020
## 33 Chile 1 Feb 2023 48154268 5123007
## 34 China[c] 31 Jul 2020 160000000 87655
## 35 Colombia 24 Nov 2022 36875818 6314769
## 36 Costa Rica 2 Nov 2021 2575363 561054
## 37 Croatia 2 Feb 2023 5481285 1267798
## 38 Cuba 2 Feb 2023 14301394 1112470
## 39 Cyprus[d] 29 Jan 2023 27820163 644160
## 40 Czechia 1 Feb 2023 22544928 4590529
## 41 Denmark[e] 31 Jan 2023 67682707 3399947
## 42 Djibouti 28 Apr 2022 305941 15631
## 43 Dominica 20 Jun 2022 209803 14821
## 44 Dominican Republic 22 Jul 2022 3574665 626030
## 45 DR Congo 28 Feb 2021 124838 25961
## 46 Ecuador 23 Jul 2021 1627189 480720
## 47 Egypt 23 Jul 2021 3137519 283947
## 48 El Salvador 18 Mar 2022 1847861 161052
## 49 Equatorial Guinea 30 Jan 2023 403773 17113
## 50 Estonia 31 Jan 2023 3637908 613954
## 51 Eswatini 8 Dec 2021 415110 49253
## 52 Ethiopia 24 Jun 2021 2981185 278446
## 53 Faroe Islands 27 Feb 2022 774000 34237
## 54 Fiji 2 Jan 2023 667953 68848
## 55 Finland 14 Jan 2022 9042453 371135
## 56 France[f][g] 15 May 2022 272417258 29183646
## 57 Gabon 23 Jul 2021 958807 25325
## 58 Gambia 15 Feb 2021 43217 4469
## 59 Georgia[h] 3 Nov 2021 4888787 732965
## 60 Germany 7 Jul 2021 65247345 3733519
## 61 Ghana 3 Jul 2021 1305749 96708
## 62 Greece 18 Dec 2022 101576831 5548487
## 63 Greenland 30 Jan 2022 164573 10662
## 64 Grenada 11 May 2021 28684 161
## 65 Guatemala 6 Jan 2023 6800560 1230098
## 66 Guinea 21 Jul 2021 494898 24878
## 67 Guinea-Bissau 7 Jul 2022 145231 8400
## 68 Guyana 15 Jun 2022 648569 66129
## 69 Haiti 26 Nov 2022 223475 33874
## 70 Honduras 26 Nov 2021 1133782 377859
## 71 Hungary 10 May 2022 11394556 1909948
## 72 Iceland 9 Aug 2022 1988652 203162
## 73 India 8 Jul 2022 866177937 43585554
## 74 Indonesia 3 Jul 2023 76062770 6812127
## 75 Iran 31 May 2022 52269202 7232268
## 76 Iraq 3 Aug 2022 19090652 2448484
## 77 Ireland 31 Jan 2023 12990476 1700817
## 78 Israel 17 Jan 2022 41373364 1792137
## 79 Italy 16 Mar 2023 269127054 25651205
## 80 Ivory Coast 3 Mar 2021 429177 33285
## 81 Jamaica 30 Sep 2022 1184973 151931
## 82 Japan 1 Mar 2021 8487288 432773
## 83 Jordan 6 Jun 2021 7407053 739847
## 84 Kazakhstan 28 May 2021 11575012 385144
## 85 Kenya 5 Mar 2021 1322806 107729
## 86 Kosovo 31 May 2021 611357 107410
## 87 Kuwait 9 Mar 2022 7754247 624573
## 88 Kyrgyzstan 10 Feb 2021 695415 85253
## 89 Laos 1 Mar 2021 114030 45
## 90 Latvia 5 Sep 2021 3630095 144518
## 91 Lebanon 14 Jun 2021 4599186 542649
## 92 Lesotho 30 Mar 2022 431221 32910
## 93 Liberia 17 Jul 2021 128246 5396
## 94 Libya 14 Apr 2022 2578215 501862
## 95 Lithuania 31 Jan 2023 9046584 1170108
## 96 Luxembourg[i] 12 May 2022 4248188 244182
## 97 Madagascar 19 Feb 2021 119608 19831
## 98 Malawi 29 Nov 2022 624784 88086
## 99 Malaysia 7 Sep 2021 23705425 1880734
## 100 Maldives 13 Mar 2022 2216560 174658
## 101 Mali 7 Jul 2021 322504 14449
## 102 Malta 8 Sep 2021 1211456 36606
## 103 Mauritania 16 Apr 2021 268093 18103
## 104 Mauritius 22 Nov 2020 289552 494
## 105 Mexico 15 Oct 2021 10503678 3749860
## 106 Moldova[j] 20 Apr 2022 3213594 516864
## 107 Mongolia 10 Jul 2021 3354200 136053
## 108 Montenegro 10 May 2021 394388 98449
## 109 Morocco 6 Jan 2023 14217563 1272299
## 110 Mozambique 22 Jul 2021 688570 105866
## 111 Myanmar 16 Sep 2021 4047680 440741
## 112 Namibia 4 Jul 2022 1062663 166229
## 113 Nepal 26 Jul 2022 5804358 984475
## 114 Netherlands 6 Jul 2021 14526293 1692834
## 115 New Caledonia 3 Sep 2021 41962 136
## 116 New Zealand 29 Jan 2023 7757935 2136662
## 117 Niger 22 Feb 2021 79321 4740
## 118 Nigeria 28 Feb 2021 1544008 155657
## 119 North Korea 25 Nov 2020 16914 0
## 120 North Macedonia 1 Jul 2021 881870 155689
## 121 Northern Cyprus[k] 12 Jul 2022 7096998 103034
## 122 Norway 20 Jan 2022 9811888 554778
## 123 Oman 28 Oct 2020 509959 114434
## 124 Pakistan 5 Mar 2021 9173593 588728
## 125 Palestine 5 Feb 2022 3078533 574105
## 126 Panama 28 Jan 2023 7475016 1029701
## 127 Papua New Guinea 17 Feb 2021 47490 961
## 128 Paraguay 27 Mar 2022 2609819 647950
## 129 Peru 17 Nov 2022 36073768 4177786
## 130 Philippines 7 Jan 2023 34402980 4073980
## 131 Poland 27 Apr 2022 36064311 5993861
## 132 Portugal 5 Jan 2022 27515490 1499976
## 133 Qatar 11 Nov 2022 4061988 473440
## 134 Romania 29 Jan 2021 5405393 724250
## 135 Russia 6 Jun 2022 295542733 18358459
## 136 Rwanda 6 Oct 2021 2885812 98209
## 137 Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 Aug 2021 30231 995
## 138 Saint Lucia 7 Oct 2022 212132 29550
## 139 Saint Vincent 28 Jan 2023 113504 9585
## 140 San Marino 29 Jan 2023 192613 23427
## 141 Saudi Arabia 26 Apr 2022 41849069 753632
## 142 Senegal 12 Jul 2021 624502 46509
## 143 Serbia 2 Feb 2023 12185475 2473599
## 144 Singapore 3 Aug 2021 16206203 65315
## 145 Slovakia 2 Feb 2023 7391882 1861034
## 146 Slovenia 2 Feb 2023 2826117 1322282
## 147 South Africa 24 May 2021 11378282 1637848
## 148 South Korea 1 Mar 2021 6592010 90029
## 149 South Sudan 26 May 2021 164472 10688
## 150 Spain 1 Jul 2021 54128524 3821305
## 151 Sri Lanka 30 Mar 2021 2384745 93128
## 152 Sudan 7 Jan 2021 158804 23316
## 153 Sweden 24 May 2021 9996795 1074751
## 154 Switzerland[l] 7 Nov 2022 23283909 4276836
## 155 Taiwan[m] 3 Feb 2023 30275725 8622129
## 156 Tanzania 18 Nov 2020 3880 509
## 157 Thailand 4 Mar 2021 1579597 26162
## 158 Togo 6 Jan 2023 807269 39358
## 159 Trinidad and Tobago 3 Jan 2022 512730 92997
## 160 Tunisia 23 Aug 2021 2893625 703732
## 161 Turkey 2 Jul 2021 61236294 5435831
## 162 Uganda 11 Feb 2021 852444 39979
## 163 Ukraine 24 Nov 2021 15648456 3367461
## 164 United Arab Emirates 1 Feb 2023 198685717 1049537
## 165 United Kingdom 19 May 2022 522526476 22232377
## 166 United States 29 Jul 2022 929349291 90749469
## 167 Uruguay 16 Apr 2022 6089116 895592
## 168 Uzbekistan 7 Sep 2020 2630000 43975
## 169 Venezuela 30 Mar 2021 3179074 159149
## 170 Vietnam 28 Aug 2022 45772571 11403302
## 171 Zambia 10 Mar 2022 3301860 314850
## 172 Zimbabwe 15 Oct 2022 2529087 257893
## confirmed.tested.ratio tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio
## 1 32.100 0.4000 0.13000
## 2 22.600 15.0000 3.40000
## 3 25.400 0.5300 0.13000
## 4 12.600 387.0000 49.00000
## 5 5.300 1.3000 0.06700
## 6 5.400 15.9000 0.86000
## 7 25.400 78.3000 20.00000
## 8 13.600 105.0000 14.30000
## 9 12.900 313.0000 40.30000
## 10 2.800 2312.0000 65.00000
## 11 11.600 69.1000 8.00000
## 12 14.500 67.3000 9.70000
## 13 6.600 674.0000 44.40000
## 14 15.500 4.5000 0.70000
## 15 13.400 268.0000 35.90000
## 16 7.400 139.0000 10.40000
## 17 12.800 317.0000 40.70000
## 18 10.600 140.0000 14.90000
## 19 1.300 5.1000 0.06700
## 20 0.730 234.0000 1.71000
## 21 20.900 38.1000 8.00000
## 22 21.400 54.7000 11.70000
## 23 11.500 89.9000 10.30000
## 24 42.800 11.2000 4.80000
## 25 0.220 33.5000 0.07400
## 26 11.800 158.0000 18.60000
## 27 7.600 0.7600 0.05800
## 28 0.980 0.7600 0.00740
## 29 4.300 11.2000 0.48000
## 30 3.500 3.6000 0.12000
## 31 6.700 175.0000 11.70000
## 32 4.100 0.7200 0.02900
## 33 10.600 252.0000 26.90000
## 34 0.055 11.1000 0.00610
## 35 17.100 76.4000 13.10000
## 36 21.800 51.5000 11.20000
## 37 23.100 134.0000 31.10000
## 38 7.800 126.0000 9.80000
## 39 2.300 3223.0000 74.40000
## 40 20.400 211.0000 42.90000
## 41 5.000 1162.0000 58.40000
## 42 5.100 33.2000 1.70000
## 43 7.100 293.0000 20.70000
## 44 17.500 32.9000 5.80000
## 45 20.800 0.1400 0.02900
## 46 29.500 9.5000 2.80000
## 47 9.100 3.1000 0.28000
## 48 8.700 28.5000 2.50000
## 49 4.200 30.8000 1.30000
## 50 16.900 274.0000 46.20000
## 51 11.900 36.5000 4.30000
## 52 9.300 2.6000 0.24000
## 53 4.400 1493.0000 65.70000
## 54 10.300 74.5000 7.70000
## 55 4.100 163.0000 6.70000
## 56 10.700 417.0000 44.70000
## 57 2.600 3.1000 0.08200
## 58 10.300 2.0000 0.21000
## 59 15.000 132.0000 19.70000
## 60 5.700 77.8000 4.50000
## 61 7.400 4.2000 0.31000
## 62 5.500 943.0000 51.50000
## 63 6.500 293.0000 19.00000
## 64 0.560 25.7000 0.14000
## 65 18.100 39.4000 7.10000
## 66 5.000 3.8000 0.19000
## 67 5.800 7.7000 0.45000
## 68 10.200 82.5000 8.40000
## 69 15.200 2.0000 0.30000
## 70 33.300 11.8000 3.90000
## 71 16.800 118.0000 19.80000
## 72 10.200 546.0000 55.80000
## 73 5.000 63.0000 31.70000
## 74 9.000 28.2000 2.50000
## 75 13.800 62.8000 8.70000
## 76 12.800 47.5000 6.10000
## 77 13.100 264.0000 34.60000
## 78 4.300 451.0000 19.50000
## 79 9.500 446.0000 42.50000
## 80 7.800 1.6000 0.13000
## 81 12.800 43.5000 5.60000
## 82 5.100 6.7000 0.34000
## 83 10.000 69.5000 6.90000
## 84 3.300 62.1000 2.10000
## 85 8.100 2.8000 0.23000
## 86 17.600 33.8000 5.90000
## 87 8.100 181.0000 14.60000
## 88 12.300 10.7000 1.30000
## 89 0.039 1.6000 0.00063
## 90 4.000 189.0000 7.50000
## 91 11.800 67.4000 8.00000
## 92 7.600 21.5000 1.60000
## 93 4.200 2.5000 0.11000
## 94 19.500 37.6000 7.30000
## 95 12.900 324.0000 41.90000
## 96 5.700 679.0000 39.00000
## 97 16.600 0.4600 0.07600
## 98 14.100 3.3000 0.46000
## 99 7.900 72.3000 5.70000
## 100 7.900 398.0000 31.30000
## 101 4.500 1.6000 0.07100
## 102 3.000 245.0000 7.40000
## 103 6.800 6.1000 0.41000
## 104 0.170 22.9000 0.03900
## 105 35.700 8.2000 2.90000
## 106 16.100 122.0000 19.60000
## 107 4.100 100.0000 4.10000
## 108 25.000 62.5000 15.60000
## 109 8.900 38.5000 3.40000
## 110 15.400 2.2000 0.34000
## 111 10.900 7.4000 0.81000
## 112 15.600 38.7000 6.10000
## 113 17.000 20.7000 3.50000
## 114 11.700 83.4000 9.70000
## 115 0.320 15.7000 0.05000
## 116 27.500 156.0000 42.90000
## 117 6.000 0.3500 0.02100
## 118 10.100 0.7500 0.07600
## 119 0.000 0.0660 0.00000
## 120 17.700 42.5000 7.50000
## 121 1.500 2177.0000 31.60000
## 122 5.700 183.0000 10.30000
## 123 22.400 11.0000 2.50000
## 124 6.400 4.2000 0.27000
## 125 18.600 60.9000 11.40000
## 126 13.800 179.0000 24.70000
## 127 2.000 0.5300 0.01100
## 128 24.800 36.6000 9.10000
## 129 11.600 109.9000 12.70000
## 130 11.800 34.1000 4.00000
## 131 16.600 94.0000 15.60000
## 132 5.500 268.0000 14.60000
## 133 11.700 141.0000 16.40000
## 134 13.400 27.9000 3.70000
## 135 6.200 201.0000 12.50000
## 136 3.400 22.3000 0.76000
## 137 3.300 57.6000 1.90000
## 138 13.900 116.6000 16.20000
## 139 8.400 103.0000 8.70000
## 140 12.200 563.0000 68.40000
## 141 1.800 120.0000 2.20000
## 142 7.400 3.9000 0.29000
## 143 20.300 175.0000 35.50000
## 144 0.400 284.0000 1.10000
## 145 25.200 135.0000 34.10000
## 146 46.800 135.0000 63.10000
## 147 14.400 19.2000 2.80000
## 148 1.400 12.7000 0.17000
## 149 6.500 1.3000 0.08400
## 150 7.100 116.0000 8.20000
## 151 3.900 10.9000 0.43000
## 152 14.700 0.3600 0.05300
## 153 10.800 96.8000 10.40000
## 154 18.400 270.0000 49.70000
## 155 28.480 128.3000 36.52800
## 156 13.100 0.0065 0.00085
## 157 1.700 2.3000 0.03800
## 158 4.900 9.4000 0.46000
## 159 18.100 37.6000 6.80000
## 160 24.300 24.5000 6.00000
## 161 8.900 73.6000 6.50000
## 162 4.700 1.9000 0.08700
## 163 21.500 37.2000 8.00000
## 164 0.530 2070.0000 10.90000
## 165 4.300 774.0000 32.90000
## 166 9.800 281.0000 27.40000
## 167 14.700 175.0000 25.80000
## 168 1.700 7.7000 0.13000
## 169 5.000 11.0000 0.55000
## 170 24.900 46.4000 11.60000
## 171 9.500 19.0000 1.80000
## 172 10.200 17.0000 1.70000#(3b)
# export the data frame to a csv file
write.table(Covid19_dframe ,"my_covid19_project.csv")
# to get the working directory
vid19 <- getwd()
vid19## [1] "C:/Users/HomePC/Desktop/Raheem.R"#get exported
file_path <- paste(vid19,sep="","/my_covid19_project.csv")
# file path
file_path## [1] "C:/Users/HomePC/Desktop/Raheem.R/my_covid19_project.csv"file.exists(file_path)## [1] TRUEGet a subset of the extracted data frame
#The goal of task 2 is to get the 5th to 10th rows from the data frame with only country,date and confirmed columns selected
Covid19_data_frame_csv <- read.table("C:/Users/HomePC/Desktop/Raheem.R/my_covid19_project.csv",sep = "")
head(Covid19_data_frame_csv)## country date tested confirmed confirmed.tested.ratio
## 1 Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154767 49621 32.1
## 2 Albania 18 Feb 2021 428654 96838 22.6
## 3 Algeria 2 Nov 2020 230553 58574 25.4
## 4 Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300307 37958 12.6
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 399228 20981 5.3
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 15268 832 5.4
## tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio
## 1 0.40 0.130
## 2 15.00 3.400
## 3 0.53 0.130
## 4 387.00 49.000
## 5 1.30 0.067
## 6 15.90 0.860subset<- Covid19_data_frame_csv[5:10, c("country","date", "confirmed")]
subset## country date confirmed
## 5 Angola 2 Feb 2021 20981
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda 6 Mar 2021 832
## 7 Argentina 16 Apr 2022 9060495
## 8 Armenia 29 May 2022 422963
## 9 Australia 9 Sep 2022 10112229
## 10 Austria 1 Feb 2023 5789991Calculate worldwide COVID testing positive ratio
The goal is to get the total confirmed and tested cases worldwide, and try to figure the overall positive ratio using confirmed cases / tested cases
total_confirmed_cases <- sum(Covid19_data_frame_csv$confirmed, na.rm = TRUE)
total_tested_cases <- sum(Covid19_data_frame_csv$tested, na.rm = TRUE)
positive_ratio <- total_confirmed_cases / total_tested_cases
# Create a summary table
summary_table <- data.frame(
Metric = c("Total Confirmed Cases", "Total Tested Cases", "Positive Ratio"),
Value = c(total_confirmed_cases, total_tested_cases, round(positive_ratio, 4))
)
# Display the table
kable(summary_table, caption = "Worldwide COVID-19 Testing Summary")| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Total Confirmed Cases | 431434555.0000 |
| Total Tested Cases | 5396881644.0000 |
| Positive Ratio | 0.0799 |
Get a country list which reported their testing data
The goal to get a catalog or sorted list of countries who have reported their COVID-19 testing data get the ‘country’ column.
Covid19_data_frame_csv$country## [1] "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria"
## [4] "Andorra" "Angola" "Antigua and Barbuda"
## [7] "Argentina" "Armenia" "Australia"
## [10] "Austria" "Azerbaijan" "Bahamas"
## [13] "Bahrain" "Bangladesh" "Barbados"
## [16] "Belarus" "Belgium" "Belize"
## [19] "Benin" "Bhutan" "Bolivia"
## [22] "Bosnia and Herzegovina" "Botswana" "Brazil"
## [25] "Brunei" "Bulgaria" "Burkina Faso"
## [28] "Burundi" "Cambodia" "Cameroon"
## [31] "Canada" "Chad" "Chile"
## [34] "China[c]" "Colombia" "Costa Rica"
## [37] "Croatia" "Cuba" "Cyprus[d]"
## [40] "Czechia" "Denmark[e]" "Djibouti"
## [43] "Dominica" "Dominican Republic" "DR Congo"
## [46] "Ecuador" "Egypt" "El Salvador"
## [49] "Equatorial Guinea" "Estonia" "Eswatini"
## [52] "Ethiopia" "Faroe Islands" "Fiji"
## [55] "Finland" "France[f][g]" "Gabon"
## [58] "Gambia" "Georgia[h]" "Germany"
## [61] "Ghana" "Greece" "Greenland"
## [64] "Grenada" "Guatemala" "Guinea"
## [67] "Guinea-Bissau" "Guyana" "Haiti"
## [70] "Honduras" "Hungary" "Iceland"
## [73] "India" "Indonesia" "Iran"
## [76] "Iraq" "Ireland" "Israel"
## [79] "Italy" "Ivory Coast" "Jamaica"
## [82] "Japan" "Jordan" "Kazakhstan"
## [85] "Kenya" "Kosovo" "Kuwait"
## [88] "Kyrgyzstan" "Laos" "Latvia"
## [91] "Lebanon" "Lesotho" "Liberia"
## [94] "Libya" "Lithuania" "Luxembourg[i]"
## [97] "Madagascar" "Malawi" "Malaysia"
## [100] "Maldives" "Mali" "Malta"
## [103] "Mauritania" "Mauritius" "Mexico"
## [106] "Moldova[j]" "Mongolia" "Montenegro"
## [109] "Morocco" "Mozambique" "Myanmar"
## [112] "Namibia" "Nepal" "Netherlands"
## [115] "New Caledonia" "New Zealand" "Niger"
## [118] "Nigeria" "North Korea" "North Macedonia"
## [121] "Northern Cyprus[k]" "Norway" "Oman"
## [124] "Pakistan" "Palestine" "Panama"
## [127] "Papua New Guinea" "Paraguay" "Peru"
## [130] "Philippines" "Poland" "Portugal"
## [133] "Qatar" "Romania" "Russia"
## [136] "Rwanda" "Saint Kitts and Nevis" "Saint Lucia"
## [139] "Saint Vincent" "San Marino" "Saudi Arabia"
## [142] "Senegal" "Serbia" "Singapore"
## [145] "Slovakia" "Slovenia" "South Africa"
## [148] "South Korea" "South Sudan" "Spain"
## [151] "Sri Lanka" "Sudan" "Sweden"
## [154] "Switzerland[l]" "Taiwan[m]" "Tanzania"
## [157] "Thailand" "Togo" "Trinidad and Tobago"
## [160] "Tunisia" "Turkey" "Uganda"
## [163] "Ukraine" "United Arab Emirates" "United Kingdom"
## [166] "United States" "Uruguay" "Uzbekistan"
## [169] "Venezuela" "Vietnam" "Zambia"
## [172] "Zimbabwe"# check the class (it should be character)
class(Covid19_data_frame_csv$country)## [1] "character"#Sort the countries AtoZ
A_to_Z <- sort(Covid19_data_frame_csv$country,decreasing=FALSE)
A_to_Z## [1] "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria"
## [4] "Andorra" "Angola" "Antigua and Barbuda"
## [7] "Argentina" "Armenia" "Australia"
## [10] "Austria" "Azerbaijan" "Bahamas"
## [13] "Bahrain" "Bangladesh" "Barbados"
## [16] "Belarus" "Belgium" "Belize"
## [19] "Benin" "Bhutan" "Bolivia"
## [22] "Bosnia and Herzegovina" "Botswana" "Brazil"
## [25] "Brunei" "Bulgaria" "Burkina Faso"
## [28] "Burundi" "Cambodia" "Cameroon"
## [31] "Canada" "Chad" "Chile"
## [34] "China[c]" "Colombia" "Costa Rica"
## [37] "Croatia" "Cuba" "Cyprus[d]"
## [40] "Czechia" "Denmark[e]" "Djibouti"
## [43] "Dominica" "Dominican Republic" "DR Congo"
## [46] "Ecuador" "Egypt" "El Salvador"
## [49] "Equatorial Guinea" "Estonia" "Eswatini"
## [52] "Ethiopia" "Faroe Islands" "Fiji"
## [55] "Finland" "France[f][g]" "Gabon"
## [58] "Gambia" "Georgia[h]" "Germany"
## [61] "Ghana" "Greece" "Greenland"
## [64] "Grenada" "Guatemala" "Guinea"
## [67] "Guinea-Bissau" "Guyana" "Haiti"
## [70] "Honduras" "Hungary" "Iceland"
## [73] "India" "Indonesia" "Iran"
## [76] "Iraq" "Ireland" "Israel"
## [79] "Italy" "Ivory Coast" "Jamaica"
## [82] "Japan" "Jordan" "Kazakhstan"
## [85] "Kenya" "Kosovo" "Kuwait"
## [88] "Kyrgyzstan" "Laos" "Latvia"
## [91] "Lebanon" "Lesotho" "Liberia"
## [94] "Libya" "Lithuania" "Luxembourg[i]"
## [97] "Madagascar" "Malawi" "Malaysia"
## [100] "Maldives" "Mali" "Malta"
## [103] "Mauritania" "Mauritius" "Mexico"
## [106] "Moldova[j]" "Mongolia" "Montenegro"
## [109] "Morocco" "Mozambique" "Myanmar"
## [112] "Namibia" "Nepal" "Netherlands"
## [115] "New Caledonia" "New Zealand" "Niger"
## [118] "Nigeria" "North Korea" "North Macedonia"
## [121] "Northern Cyprus[k]" "Norway" "Oman"
## [124] "Pakistan" "Palestine" "Panama"
## [127] "Papua New Guinea" "Paraguay" "Peru"
## [130] "Philippines" "Poland" "Portugal"
## [133] "Qatar" "Romania" "Russia"
## [136] "Rwanda" "Saint Kitts and Nevis" "Saint Lucia"
## [139] "Saint Vincent" "San Marino" "Saudi Arabia"
## [142] "Senegal" "Serbia" "Singapore"
## [145] "Slovakia" "Slovenia" "South Africa"
## [148] "South Korea" "South Sudan" "Spain"
## [151] "Sri Lanka" "Sudan" "Sweden"
## [154] "Switzerland[l]" "Taiwan[m]" "Tanzania"
## [157] "Thailand" "Togo" "Trinidad and Tobago"
## [160] "Tunisia" "Turkey" "Uganda"
## [163] "Ukraine" "United Arab Emirates" "United Kingdom"
## [166] "United States" "Uruguay" "Uzbekistan"
## [169] "Venezuela" "Vietnam" "Zambia"
## [172] "Zimbabwe"#Sort the countries ZtoA
Z_to_A <- sort(Covid19_data_frame_csv$country,decreasing=TRUE)
#Print the sorted ZtoA list
Z_to_A## [1] "Zimbabwe" "Zambia" "Vietnam"
## [4] "Venezuela" "Uzbekistan" "Uruguay"
## [7] "United States" "United Kingdom" "United Arab Emirates"
## [10] "Ukraine" "Uganda" "Turkey"
## [13] "Tunisia" "Trinidad and Tobago" "Togo"
## [16] "Thailand" "Tanzania" "Taiwan[m]"
## [19] "Switzerland[l]" "Sweden" "Sudan"
## [22] "Sri Lanka" "Spain" "South Sudan"
## [25] "South Korea" "South Africa" "Slovenia"
## [28] "Slovakia" "Singapore" "Serbia"
## [31] "Senegal" "Saudi Arabia" "San Marino"
## [34] "Saint Vincent" "Saint Lucia" "Saint Kitts and Nevis"
## [37] "Rwanda" "Russia" "Romania"
## [40] "Qatar" "Portugal" "Poland"
## [43] "Philippines" "Peru" "Paraguay"
## [46] "Papua New Guinea" "Panama" "Palestine"
## [49] "Pakistan" "Oman" "Norway"
## [52] "Northern Cyprus[k]" "North Macedonia" "North Korea"
## [55] "Nigeria" "Niger" "New Zealand"
## [58] "New Caledonia" "Netherlands" "Nepal"
## [61] "Namibia" "Myanmar" "Mozambique"
## [64] "Morocco" "Montenegro" "Mongolia"
## [67] "Moldova[j]" "Mexico" "Mauritius"
## [70] "Mauritania" "Malta" "Mali"
## [73] "Maldives" "Malaysia" "Malawi"
## [76] "Madagascar" "Luxembourg[i]" "Lithuania"
## [79] "Libya" "Liberia" "Lesotho"
## [82] "Lebanon" "Latvia" "Laos"
## [85] "Kyrgyzstan" "Kuwait" "Kosovo"
## [88] "Kenya" "Kazakhstan" "Jordan"
## [91] "Japan" "Jamaica" "Ivory Coast"
## [94] "Italy" "Israel" "Ireland"
## [97] "Iraq" "Iran" "Indonesia"
## [100] "India" "Iceland" "Hungary"
## [103] "Honduras" "Haiti" "Guyana"
## [106] "Guinea-Bissau" "Guinea" "Guatemala"
## [109] "Grenada" "Greenland" "Greece"
## [112] "Ghana" "Germany" "Georgia[h]"
## [115] "Gambia" "Gabon" "France[f][g]"
## [118] "Finland" "Fiji" "Faroe Islands"
## [121] "Ethiopia" "Eswatini" "Estonia"
## [124] "Equatorial Guinea" "El Salvador" "Egypt"
## [127] "Ecuador" "DR Congo" "Dominican Republic"
## [130] "Dominica" "Djibouti" "Denmark[e]"
## [133] "Czechia" "Cyprus[d]" "Cuba"
## [136] "Croatia" "Costa Rica" "Colombia"
## [139] "China[c]" "Chile" "Chad"
## [142] "Canada" "Cameroon" "Cambodia"
## [145] "Burundi" "Burkina Faso" "Bulgaria"
## [148] "Brunei" "Brazil" "Botswana"
## [151] "Bosnia and Herzegovina" "Bolivia" "Bhutan"
## [154] "Benin" "Belize" "Belgium"
## [157] "Belarus" "Barbados" "Bangladesh"
## [160] "Bahrain" "Bahamas" "Azerbaijan"
## [163] "Austria" "Australia" "Armenia"
## [166] "Argentina" "Antigua and Barbuda" "Angola"
## [169] "Andorra" "Algeria" "Albania"
## [172] "Afghanistan"Identify countries names with a specific pattern
The goal is to use a regular expression to find any countries starting with A.
matches <- regexpr("A.+",Covid19_data_frame_csv$country)#regexpr is to pick a specific pattern
regmatches(Covid19_data_frame_csv$country,matches)## [1] "Afghanistan" "Albania" "Algeria"
## [4] "Andorra" "Angola" "Antigua and Barbuda"
## [7] "Argentina" "Armenia" "Australia"
## [10] "Austria" "Azerbaijan" "Arabia"
## [13] "Africa" "Arab Emirates"Selected two countries data from the dataset
country_a <- Covid19_data_frame_csv[118, c(1, 4, 7)]
country_b <- Covid19_data_frame_csv[6, c(1, 4, 7)]
# Combine into one data frame
comparison_df <- rbind(country_a, country_b)
# rename the rows for clarity
rownames(comparison_df) <- c("Country A", "Country B")
# Print the combined data frame
print(comparison_df)## country confirmed confirmed.population.ratio
## Country A Nigeria 155657 0.076
## Country B Antigua and Barbuda 832 0.860Compare which one of the selected countries has a larger ratio of confirmed cases to population
The goal is to find out which country i have selected before has larger ratio of confirmed cases to population, which may indicate that the country has higher COVID-19 infection risk Using the if-else statement.
if(country_a[2]>country_b[2]){
print("Nigeria has more populations afected with covid19 hence is not safer than Antigua and Barbuda ")
}else{
print("Antigua and Barbuda has more populations afected with covid19 hence is not safer than Nigeria")
}## [1] "Nigeria has more populations afected with covid19 hence is not safer than Antigua and Barbuda "Find countries with confirmed cases to population ratio rate less than a threshold
The goal is to find out which countries has the confirmed cases to population ratio less than 1%, it may indicate the risk of those countries are relatively low.
threshold <- 1
# Filter countries with confirmed.population.ratio < 1%
low_risk_df <- Covid19_data_frame_csv %>%
filter(confirmed.population.ratio < threshold) %>%
select(country, confirmed.population.ratio) %>%
arrange(confirmed.population.ratio)
# Display as a table
kable(low_risk_df, caption = "Countries with Confirmed Cases to Population Ratio Below 1%")| country | confirmed.population.ratio | |
|---|---|---|
| 119 | North Korea | 0.00000 |
| 89 | Laos | 0.00063 |
| 156 | Tanzania | 0.00085 |
| 34 | China[c] | 0.00610 |
| 28 | Burundi | 0.00740 |
| 127 | Papua New Guinea | 0.01100 |
| 117 | Niger | 0.02100 |
| 32 | Chad | 0.02900 |
| 45 | DR Congo | 0.02900 |
| 157 | Thailand | 0.03800 |
| 104 | Mauritius | 0.03900 |
| 115 | New Caledonia | 0.05000 |
| 152 | Sudan | 0.05300 |
| 27 | Burkina Faso | 0.05800 |
| 5 | Angola | 0.06700 |
| 19 | Benin | 0.06700 |
| 101 | Mali | 0.07100 |
| 25 | Brunei | 0.07400 |
| 97 | Madagascar | 0.07600 |
| 118 | Nigeria | 0.07600 |
| 57 | Gabon | 0.08200 |
| 149 | South Sudan | 0.08400 |
| 162 | Uganda | 0.08700 |
| 93 | Liberia | 0.11000 |
| 30 | Cameroon | 0.12000 |
| 1 | Afghanistan | 0.13000 |
| 3 | Algeria | 0.13000 |
| 80 | Ivory Coast | 0.13000 |
| 168 | Uzbekistan | 0.13000 |
| 64 | Grenada | 0.14000 |
| 148 | South Korea | 0.17000 |
| 66 | Guinea | 0.19000 |
| 58 | Gambia | 0.21000 |
| 85 | Kenya | 0.23000 |
| 52 | Ethiopia | 0.24000 |
| 124 | Pakistan | 0.27000 |
| 47 | Egypt | 0.28000 |
| 142 | Senegal | 0.29000 |
| 69 | Haiti | 0.30000 |
| 61 | Ghana | 0.31000 |
| 82 | Japan | 0.34000 |
| 110 | Mozambique | 0.34000 |
| 103 | Mauritania | 0.41000 |
| 151 | Sri Lanka | 0.43000 |
| 67 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.45000 |
| 98 | Malawi | 0.46000 |
| 158 | Togo | 0.46000 |
| 29 | Cambodia | 0.48000 |
| 169 | Venezuela | 0.55000 |
| 14 | Bangladesh | 0.70000 |
| 136 | Rwanda | 0.76000 |
| 111 | Myanmar | 0.81000 |
| 6 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.86000 |
Plot of top 10 countries with confirmed cases to population ratio rate less than 1% threshold
Selected top 10 countries with the lowest confirmed-to-population ratio.
top10_low_risk <- low_risk_df %>%
arrange(confirmed.population.ratio) %>%
slice_head(n = 10) %>%
arrange(desc(confirmed.population.ratio))
# Create horizontal bar chart with data labels
ggplot(top10_low_risk, aes(x = reorder(country, -confirmed.population.ratio), y = confirmed.population.ratio)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "steelblue") +
geom_text(aes(label = round(confirmed.population.ratio, 4)),
hjust = -0.1, size = 3.5) +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "Top 10 Countries with Lowest Confirmed Cases to Population Ratio",
x = "Country",
y = "Confirmed to Population Ratio (%)") +
theme_minimal() +
expand_limits(y = max(top10_low_risk$confirmed.population.ratio) + 0.005)
Countries with highest confirmed cases
ggplot(subset,aes(x=reorder(country,confirmed),y=confirmed,fill = country))+
geom_col()+
coord_flip()+
labs(title = "highest country with confirmed cases",
x="country",
y="confirmed"
)+
theme_minimal()
In this plot Austria has the highest confirmed cases.