---

title: “question1” author: “team 9” date: “2025-11-12” output: html_document

library(readxl)

RQ1 <- read_excel("C:\\Users\\kuppi\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\RQ1.xlsx")

observed <- table(RQ1$Dessert)

print(observed)

## 
## Cheesecake  ChocoCake   Tiramisu 
##        171        258        119

names(observed)

## [1] "Cheesecake" "ChocoCake"  "Tiramisu"

expected <- c(1/3, 1/3, 1/3)

chisq_gfit <- chisq.test(observed, p = expected)
 print(chisq_gfit)

## 
##  Chi-squared test for given probabilities
## 
## data:  observed
## X-squared = 54.004, df = 2, p-value = 1.876e-12

W <- sqrt(chisq_gfit$statistic / sum(observed))
 W

## X-squared 
## 0.3139217

Summary

Test Used: Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

Variable:Dessert preference (Cheesecake, ChocoCake, Tiramisu)

Expected Proportions:Equal distribution (33.33%, 33.33%, 33.33%)

Sample Size (N):548 participants

Statistical Significance:There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05).

Degrees of Freedom (df):2

Chi-square Value (χ²):54.00

p-value:p < .001 (because 1.876e-12 is much smaller than .001)

Most Preferred Category:ChocoCake

Effect Size (Cohen’s W):W = 0.31 (moderate effect size)

A Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test was conducted to determine whether dessert preference (Cheesecake, ChocoCake, Tiramisu) differed from an equal distribution (33.33%, 33.33%, 33.33%) among 548 participants. There was a statistically significant difference in dessert preferences, χ²(2, N = 548) = 54.00, p < .001. Participants preferred ChocoCake more than Cheesecake or Tiramisu. The effect size was moderate (Cohen’s W = 0.31).