BirdLasser Data Cleaning

METHODS

• Bird occurrence records were obtained from the BirdLasser database through direct collaboration with the BirdLasser development team and scientists from BirdLife International.

• Records were compiled for all Southern African Bird Atlas Project 2 (SABAP2) species with a full-protocol reporting rate (FP RR%) greater than 1%, excluding pelagic seabirds and vagrant species.

• The dataset covered the period 2022–2025 to provide a temporal buffer around the dates of BioiSCape remote sensing data acquisition, thereby ensuring a more complete representation of species occurrences within the study window.

• Each species-specific BirdLasser file was spatially filtered to retain only records located within pentads (5-minute grid cells) where the corresponding species has confirmed SABAP2 occurrences.

• This filtering was implemented using a custom R workflow that queried the SABAP2 API to retrieve valid pentads for each species and removed any records falling outside these verified ranges.

• The cleaning process ensured that all retained BirdLasser records were geographically and temporally consistent with SABAP2 distributions, improving spatial accuracy and data reliability for subsequent analyses.

• Because data availability varied across species, with some datasets covering all of South Africa and others restricted to the Western Cape, an additional spatial filtering step was applied to restrict all records to the defined geographic extent of the study area (Western Cape Province).

• BirdLasser records classified as ‘Dead’ (e.g., roadkill, poisoning, wire collision) were excluded from analyses, as they do not represent active occurrence or habitat association. Only records categorized as ‘Alive’ were retained for richness and diversity analyses to capture for true presence data.

• The Reporting Rate was extracted from the SABAP2 species list record.

• Species guild and trait information were compiled from two primary sources:

• Data on endemism, taxonomic classification (order, family), dietary guild, biogeographic realm, regional and global Red List categories, ecological groupings, population trends, and migratory status were obtained from a South African avifaunal database provided by Alan Lee.

• Additional trait data describing habitat, habitat density, trophic level, trophic niche, and primary lifestyle were extracted from the AVONET database (Tobias et al., 2022) using BirdLife International species information as the taxonomic reference. These attributes were used to classify species into functional guilds and characterize ecological strategies relevant to habitat structure and resource use.

Table displaying occurrence records for all birds in the province

Total rows	Columns	Memory (MB)
845,695	37	295.8

Species.English.Name	Species.Scientific.Name	spp_number	Date	Time	Lat	Long	Altitude	Seen	Dead.or.alive	Pentad	ISO.Date.and.time	source_file	Endemic	Order	Family	Diet	Simple_realm	Regional_Category_2025	RL_Assessment_status	Global_Category_2024	Seabird	Waterbird	Landbird	Terrestrial	Inland.Aquatic	Marine	Estuarine	Coastal	SABAP2_Trend	Migrant_status	RepRate	Habitat	Habitat.Density	Trophic.Level	Trophic.Niche	Primary.Lifestyle
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	17:39:25	-33.82	18.63	180.10	TRUE	Alive	3345_1835	2025-02-27T15:39:25Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	17:31:28	-32.26	22.57	984.00	TRUE	Alive	3215_2230	2025-02-27T15:31:28Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	13:45:11	-32.57	22.28	688.40	TRUE	Alive	3230_2215	2025-02-27T11:45:11Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	12:49:37	-33.43	20.80	719.00	TRUE	Alive	3325_2045	2025-02-27T10:49:37Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	11:53:07	-34.08	20.45	84.40	TRUE	Alive	3400_2025	2025-02-27T09:53:07Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	09:40:30	-34.26	20.38	138.00	TRUE	Alive	3415_2020	2025-02-27T07:40:30Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	09:04:45	-33.78	20.11	221.00	TRUE	Alive	3345_2005	2025-02-27T07:04:45Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	08:41:29	-32.96	18.11	40.00	TRUE	Alive	3255_1805	2025-02-27T06:41:29Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-27	07:40:50	-32.78	18.15	37.40	TRUE	Alive	3245_1805	2025-02-27T05:40:50Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	15:52:36	-33.25	20.96	634.88	TRUE	Alive	3310_2055	2025-02-26T13:52:36Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	12:12:22	-33.88	18.58	107.80	TRUE	Alive	3350_1830	2025-02-26T10:12:22Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	11:16:51	-33.30	21.00	613.40	TRUE	Alive	3315_2055	2025-02-26T09:16:51Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	11:01:37	-33.78	21.92	348.00	TRUE	Alive	3345_2155	2025-02-26T09:01:37Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	11:01:07	-33.78	21.92	374.40	TRUE	Alive	3345_2155	2025-02-26T09:01:07Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	10:59:14	-33.87	21.14	406.00	TRUE	Alive	3350_2105	2025-02-26T08:59:14Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	10:21:25	-33.84	18.49	36.70	TRUE	Alive	3350_1825	2025-02-26T08:21:25Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	10:13:34	-33.08	21.39	612.38	TRUE	Alive	3305_2120	2025-02-26T08:13:34Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	09:01:10	-33.77	22.03	510.20	TRUE	Alive	3345_2200	2025-02-26T07:01:10Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	09:01:06	-33.77	22.03	460.00	TRUE	Alive	3345_2200	2025-02-26T07:01:06Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	432	2025-02-26	08:49:32	-33.84	18.64	213.80	TRUE	Alive	3350_1835	2025-02-26T06:49:32Z	Acacia Pied Barbet.csv	No	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	Terrestrial	LC	Assessable	NA	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Significant Increase	Resident	24.1	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial

Overview of the BirdLasser occurrence dataset comprising 845,695 field observations. Only a subset of the data (first 20 records) is shown for clarity; the full dataset is available for download.

Download full dataset (Parquet)]

Species Summary

Bird species ranked by reporting rate based on BirdLasser occurrence data (2022–2025).

Species (English Name)	Total Records	Unique Pentads	Reporting Rate (%)
Cape Wagtail	20134	1109	76.2
Karoo Prinia	21970	1334	74.8
Egyptian Goose	23711	1121	71.6
Hadada Ibis	22364	990	71.4
Cape Robin-Chat	18978	1030	71.1
Cape Bulbul	19042	953	70.0
Cape Weaver	16593	944	68.1
Common Starling	18889	735	67.5
Kelp Gull	14267	284	65.2
Cape Sparrow	19503	1275	65.1
Cape White-eye	18614	945	63.4
Helmeted Guineafowl	18142	826	60.0
African Sacred Ibis	18981	801	57.4
Blacksmith Lapwing	15762	811	57.0
Bokmakierie	14980	1247	54.4
Cape Spurfowl	13412	844	53.2
Fiscal Flycatcher	12208	948	51.3
Knysna Turaco	3255	54	50.8
Hartlaub's Gull	9875	166	50.4
Greater Double-collared Sunbird	4673	280	46.6
Black-headed Oriole	3281	77	46.4
African Oystercatcher	4489	132	45.9
House Sparrow	9862	854	44.8
Bar-throated Apalis	10258	697	44.1
Karoo Scrub Robin	10007	1111	43.8
Cape Canary	10678	770	42.9
Black-headed Heron	12109	781	42.0
Fork-tailed Drongo	10767	564	41.8
Grey Heron	10111	673	41.1
Cape Cormorant	3209	138	40.4
Greater Crested Tern	4944	122	40.4
Jackal Buzzard	15132	1031	38.6
Karoo Long-billed Lark	2106	344	38.6
Greater Striped Swallow	10435	986	38.2
Common Moorhen	9910	449	37.6
Common Waxbill	8816	828	37.2
Black-winged Stilt	8516	419	34.3
Cape Crow	7252	725	34.3
Karoo Chat	4371	646	33.8
Grey-backed Cisticola	9458	1046	33.0
African Red-eyed Bulbul	1462	241	32.7
Cape Shoveler	8037	357	32.4
Cape Bunting	8485	1012	31.7
Karoo Korhaan	2302	405	31.3
Barn Swallow	9871	926	31.1
Brown-throated Martin	5827	594	30.5
Familiar Chat	6911	965	30.5
African Stonechat	7096	722	30.4
Cape Teal	6990	368	30.1
Greater Flamingo	5495	173	29.7
African Pipit	6327	785	29.2
African Darter	6543	439	28.6
Capped Wheatear	6523	629	28.6
Blue Crane	10893	684	28.5
Agulhas Long-billed Lark	1841	159	28.4
Black-winged Kite	10238	754	28.3
Cape Sugarbird	7203	441	27.5
Chestnut-vented Warbler	3849	579	27.4
Black-throated Canary	585	132	26.7
Black-backed Puffback	1358	45	26.3
Eurasian Whimbrel	2288	79	26.1
Crowned Lapwing	5293	534	25.7
Chorister Robin-Chat	1715	43	25.6
Cape Batis	6241	410	25.4
African Hoopoe	5831	703	25.1
Amethyst Sunbird	4773	270	25.1
Cape Grassbird	5568	464	24.8
Great White Pelican	2826	110	24.8
Chat Flycatcher	570	182	24.3
Acacia Pied Barbet	5762	762	24.1
Ant-eating Chat	1789	357	23.7
Brown-hooded Kingfisher	2649	267	23.3
African Spoonbill	4968	461	22.8
Eurasian Chaffinch	1079	9	22.4
Caspian Tern	3050	101	22.1
Common Greenshank	3056	163	21.9
Eastern Clapper Lark	466	70	21.7
Green-backed Camaroptera	1373	46	21.4
African Dusky Flycatcher	5299	242	21.2
Common Ostrich	4899	421	21.2
Grey-headed Gull	3771	136	21.1
Brimstone Canary	3652	392	20.9
African Rock Pipit	316	61	20.7
Kittlitz's Plover	3728	267	20.6
African Fish Eagle	4344	425	20.0
Black Saw-wing	4192	310	19.9
African Swamphen	2989	75	19.6
Forest Canary	2497	74	19.4
Fairy Flycatcher	1856	428	19.3
Common Tern	2805	116	19.1
Green Wood Hoopoe	1009	30	18.7
Black-bellied Starling	1131	43	18.2
Crowned Cormorant	1326	72	18.1
Karoo Lark	2676	384	18.0
Drakensberg Rockjumper	8	6	17.7
Grey Plover	1198	47	17.7
Karoo Thrush	1150	252	17.5
Cape Longclaw	3117	379	17.2
Glossy Ibis	3699	182	17.2
Grey Sunbird	1031	40	16.8
Desert Cisticola	354	88	16.7
Grey Tit	1660	376	16.7
Forest Buzzard	1842	120	16.2
Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark	1184	321	15.8
Common Ringed Plover	2723	116	15.6
Great Crested Grebe	2346	115	15.6
Common Buzzard	6676	689	15.5
Denham's Bustard	1685	220	15.4
African Paradise Flycatcher	4487	373	15.0
Alpine Swift	3595	646	14.9
Cape Gannet	784	85	14.8
Bronze Mannikin	1103	8	14.7
Common Scimitarbill	39	16	14.4
Karoo Eremomela	518	158	13.9
African Olive Pigeon	2251	154	13.8
Cinnamon-breasted Warbler	188	29	13.6
Curlew Sandpiper	1346	80	13.5
Burchell's Coucal	2126	161	13.3
Cape Rock Thrush	1895	237	13.2
Klaas's Cuckoo	3650	388	13.2
Damara Tern	81	3	13.1
Black-crowned Night Heron	2444	176	13.0
African Marsh Harrier	1992	168	12.8
Cape Rockjumper	1021	64	12.8
Dusky Sunbird	1478	318	12.8
Freckled Nightjar	104	36	12.7
Black Crake	2344	169	12.6
Black-headed Canary	1882	418	12.5
Cape Siskin	1838	248	12.2
African Black Swift	2976	436	11.9
Blue-mantled Crested Flycatcher	1212	57	11.6
Collared Sunbird	989	36	11.6
Knysna Warbler	1347	64	11.6
Chestnut-banded Plover	455	15	11.5
Cape Clapper Lark	1918	401	11.3
European Bee-eater	1572	270	11.3
Giant Kingfisher	2263	320	11.0
Double-banded Courser	198	58	10.5
Black-necked Grebe	2573	120	10.2
Grey Cuckooshrike	748	40	10.2
Black Sparrowhawk	2628	246	10.1
African Goshawk	1759	181	9.7
Cape Vulture	367	46	9.5
African Emerald Cuckoo	572	29	9.3
Grey-winged Francolin	1691	307	9.3
African Black Duck	2075	340	9.2
Black-winged Lapwing	576	43	9.2
Fiery-necked Nightjar	1869	264	9.0
Cape Penduline Tit	1104	238	8.9
Bank Cormorant	478	49	8.8
Gabar Goshawk	84	24	8.8
Blue-billed Teal	823	41	8.6
Black-eared Sparrow-Lark	422	106	8.5
Cardinal Woodpecker	1489	362	8.4
Booted Eagle	3212	600	8.3
House Crow	641	16	8.3
Common Sandpiper	1315	112	8.0
Cloud Cisticola	1187	234	7.9
[x] African Reed Warbler	301	120	7.9
Black Harrier	3481	447	7.8
Diederik Cuckoo	2096	317	7.8
Bar-tailed Godwit	653	32	7.7
Hamerkop	1837	432	7.7
African Harrier-Hawk	2680	305	7.4
Black-collared Barbet	538	23	7.4
Black Cuckoo	644	70	7.0
Ground Woodpecker	866	141	6.9
Cape Long-billed Lark	383	68	6.8
Common Quail	1735	395	6.7
Eurasian Curlew	395	27	6.5
[x] Intermediate Egret	1161	127	6.4
Greater Kestrel	581	169	5.8
Half-collared Kingfisher	452	25	5.5
Black Cuckooshrike	551	54	5.4
Banded Martin	485	98	5.1
Burchell's Courser	34	6	5.1
Fulvous Whistling Duck	1561	18	4.9
African Rail	504	50	4.8
Golden-breasted Bunting	73	16	4.8
African Snipe	603	69	4.7
African Palm Swift	1155	115	4.6
Indian Peafowl	925	127	4.5
Black-chested Prinia	104	29	4.4
African Wood Owl	403	36	4.1
Cinnamon-breasted Bunting	204	63	4.1
Goliath Heron	471	40	4.1
Greater Honeyguide	448	117	3.9
Crowned Hornbill	2	1	3.8
African Jacana	491	22	3.3
Domestic Goose	168	36	3.3
African Finfoot	3	2	3.2
Amur Falcon	203	35	2.9
Buff-spotted Flufftail	386	37	2.9
Domestic Duck	76	20	2.8
Jacobin Cuckoo	96	38	2.7
African Firefinch	106	24	2.4
Brown-backed Honeybird	458	53	2.4
Dark-capped Bulbul	9	3	2.4
Horus Swift	161	43	2.4
Cape Eagle-Owl	185	41	2.3
Hybrid Mallard	266	28	2.3
Common Buttonquail	5	2	2.2
Crested Barbet	10	2	2.2
Black Stork	166	68	2.1
Great Egret	189	30	2.1
Buffy Pipit	44	14	2.0
Common House Martin	278	107	2.0

Aggregated summary of BirdLasser occurrence records by species, showing total observations and number of unique pentads per species following spatial and SABAP2-based data cleaning.

Complete Species Information - 207 Species

spp_number	Endemic	RepRate	Species.English.Name	Species.Scientific.Name	Order	Family	Diet	Regional_Category_2025	RL_Assessment_status	Global_Category_2024	SABAP2_Trend	Simple_realm	Seabird	Waterbird	Landbird	Terrestrial	Inland.Aquatic	Marine	Estuarine	Coastal	Migrant_status	Habitat	Habitat.Density	Trophic.Level	Trophic.Niche	Primary.Lifestyle
432	No	24.1	Acacia Pied Barbet	Tricholaema leucomelas	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
95	No	9.2	African Black Duck	Anas sparsa	Anseriformes	Anatidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Aquatic
380	No	11.9	African Black Swift	Apus barbatus	Apodiformes	Apodidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
52	No	28.6	African Darter	Anhinga rufa	Ciconiiformes	Anhingidae	piscivore	NT	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
655	No	21.2	African Dusky Flycatcher	Muscicapa adusta	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
350	No	9.3	African Emerald Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx cupreus	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
213	No	3.2	African Finfoot	Podica senegalensis	Gruiformes	Heliornithidae	insectivore	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
833	No	2.4	African Firefinch	Lagonosticta rubricata	Passeriformes	Estrildidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
160	No	9.7	African Goshawk	Accipiter tachiro	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Vertivore	Aerial
171	No	7.4	African Harrier-Hawk	Polyboroides typus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Vertivore	Insessorial
418	No	25.1	African Hoopoe	Upupa africana	Upupiformes	Upupidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
228	No	3.3	African Jacana	Actophilornis africanus	Charadriiformes	Jacanidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
167	No	12.8	African Marsh Harrier	Circus ranivorus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Vertivore	Aerial
312	No	13.8	African Olive Pigeon	Columba arquatrix	Columbiformes	Columbidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Herbivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
231	No	45.9	African Oystercatcher	Haematopus moquini	Charadriiformes	Haematopodidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Seabird	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
387	No	4.6	African Palm Swift	Cypsiurus parvus	Apodiformes	Apodidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
682	No	15.0	African Paradise Flycatcher	Terpsiphone viridis	Passeriformes	Monarchidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
692	No	29.2	African Pipit	Anthus cinnamomeus	Passeriformes	Motacillidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
197	No	4.8	African Rail	Rallus caerulescens	Gruiformes	Rallidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
544	No	32.7	African Red-eyed Bulbul	Pycnonotus nigricans	Passeriformes	Pycnonotidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
697	No	20.7	African Rock Pipit	Anthus crenatus	Passeriformes	Motacillidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	LC	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
81	No	57.4	African Sacred Ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	Ciconiiformes	Threskiornithidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
250	No	4.7	African Snipe	Gallinago nigripennis	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
85	No	22.8	African Spoonbill	Platalea alba	Ciconiiformes	Threskiornithidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
576	No	30.4	African Stonechat	Saxicola torquatus	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
208	No	19.6	African Swamphen	Porphyrio madagascariensis	Gruiformes	Rallidae	herbivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Herbivore	Herbivore aquatic	Terrestrial
362	No	4.1	African Wood Owl	Strix woodfordii	Strigiformes	Strigidae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
4123	No	28.4	Agulhas Long-billed Lark	Certhilauda brevirostris	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	insectivore	NT	Assessable	NT	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
386	No	14.9	Alpine Swift	Tachymarptis melba	Apodiformes	Apodidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
772	No	25.1	Amethyst Sunbird	Chalcomitra amethystina	Passeriformes	Nectariniidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
119	No	2.9	Amur Falcon	Falco amurensis	Falconiformes	Falconidae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
575	No	23.7	Ant-eating Chat	Myrmecocichla formicivora	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
510	No	5.1	Banded Martin	Neophedina cincta	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
49	No	8.8	Bank Cormorant	Phalacrocorax neglectus	Ciconiiformes	Phalacrocoracidae	piscivore	EN	Assessable	EN	Significant Decline	Seabird	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Resident	Marine	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
266	No	7.7	Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NT	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
622	No	44.1	Bar-throated Apalis	Apalis thoracica	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
493	No	31.1	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Human Modified	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
203	No	12.6	Black Crake	Zaporina flavirostra	Gruiformes	Rallidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
344	No	7.0	Black Cuckoo	Cuculus clamosus	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
513	No	5.4	Black Cuckooshrike	Campephaga flava	Passeriformes	Campephagidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
169	No	7.8	Black Harrier	Circus maurus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	EN	Assessable	EN	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Vertivore	Aerial
511	No	19.9	Black Saw-wing	Psalidoprocne pristoptera	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NA	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
159	No	10.1	Black Sparrowhawk	Accipiter melanoleucus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Vertivore	Generalist
79	No	2.1	Black Stork	Ciconia nigra	Ciconiiformes	Ciconiidae	piscivore	EN	Assessable	LC	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
712	No	26.3	Black-backed Puffback	Dryoscopus cubla	Passeriformes	Malaconotidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
740	No	18.2	Black-bellied Starling	Notopholia corrusca	Passeriformes	Sturnidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Herbivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
650	No	4.4	Black-chested Prinia	Prinia flavicans	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
431	No	7.4	Black-collared Barbet	Lybius torquatus	Piciformes	Lybiidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Omnivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
69	No	13.0	Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	carnivore-insectivore	NT��	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
486	No	8.5	Black-eared Sparrow-Lark	Eremopterix australis	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
861	No	12.5	Black-headed Canary	Serinus alario	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Generalist
55	No	42.0	Black-headed Heron	Ardea melanocephala	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	carnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
521	No	46.4	Black-headed Oriole	Oriolus larvatus	Passeriformes	Oriolidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
5	No	10.2	Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis	Ciconiiformes	Podicipedidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
860	No	26.7	Black-throated Canary	Crithagra atrogularis	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Generalist
130	No	28.3	Black-winged Kite	Elanus caeruleus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	NT	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Vertivore	Aerial
243	No	9.2	Black-winged Lapwing	Vanellus melanopterus	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
270	No	34.3	Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	Charadriiformes	Recurvirostridae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
245	No	57.0	Blacksmith Lapwing	Vanellus armatus	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
216	No	28.5	Blue Crane	Grus paradisea	Gruiformes	Gruidae	herbivore	VU	Assessable	VU	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
99	No	8.6	Blue-billed Teal	Anas hottentota	Anseriformes	Anatidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Herbivore	Omnivore	Generalist
680	Yes	11.6	Blue-mantled Crested Flycatcher	Trochocercus cyanomelas	Passeriformes	Monarchidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
722	No	54.4	Bokmakierie	Telophorus zeylonus	Passeriformes	Malaconotidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
139	No	8.3	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Vertivore	Generalist
863	No	20.9	Brimstone Canary	Crithagra sulphurata	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Insessorial
823	No	14.7	Bronze Mannikin	Lonchura cucullata	Passeriformes	Estrildidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
443	No	2.4	Brown-backed Honeybird	Prodotiscus regulus	Piciformes	Indicatoridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
402	No	23.3	Brown-hooded Kingfisher	Halcyon albiventris	Coraciiformes	Alcedinidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
509	No	30.5	Brown-throated Martin	Riparia paludicola	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
206	No	2.9	Buff-spotted Flufftail	Sarothrura elegans	Gruiformes	Sarothruridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
695	No	2.0	Buffy Pipit	Anthus vaalensis	Passeriformes	Motacillidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Stable	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
4131	No	13.3	Burchell's Coucal	Centropus burchellii	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
276	No	5.1	Burchell's Courser	Cursorius rufus	Passeriformes	Glareolidae	insectivore	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
672	No	25.4	Cape Batis	Batis capensis	Passeriformes	Platysteiridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
543	Yes	70.0	Cape Bulbul	Pycnonotus capensis	Passeriformes	Pycnonotidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
873	No	31.7	Cape Bunting	Emberiza capensis	Passeriformes	Emberizidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
857	No	42.9	Cape Canary	Serinus canicollis	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Granivore	Generalist
4140	No	11.3	Cape Clapper Lark	Mirafra apiata	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	1	Omnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
48	No	40.4	Cape Cormorant	Phalacrocorax capensis	Ciconiiformes	Phalacrocoracidae	piscivore	EN	Assessable	EN	NS Increase	Seabird	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Resident	Marine	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
523	No	34.3	Cape Crow	Corvus capensis	Passeriformes	Corvidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
367	No	2.3	Cape Eagle-Owl	Bubo capensis	Strigiformes	Strigidae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Vertivore	Insessorial
44	No	14.8	Cape Gannet	Morus capensis	Ciconiiformes	Sulidae	piscivore	VU	Assessable	EN	NS Decline	Seabird	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Resident	Marine	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
618	No	24.8	Cape Grassbird	Sphenoeacus afer	Passeriformes	Macrosphenidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
4125	No	6.8	Cape Long-billed Lark	Certhilauda curvirostris	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
703	No	17.2	Cape Longclaw	Macronyx capensis	Passeriformes	Motacillidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Omnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
531	No	8.9	Cape Penduline Tit	Anthoscopus minutus	Passeriformes	Paridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Omnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
581	No	71.1	Cape Robin-Chat	Cossypha caffra	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
559	No	13.2	Cape Rock Thrush	Monticola rupestris	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Generalist
540	Yes	12.8	Cape Rockjumper	Chaetops frenatus	Passeriformes	Chaetopidae	insectivore	NT	Assessable	NT	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
94	No	32.4	Cape Shoveler	Anas smithii	Anseriformes	Anatidae	omnivore	NT��	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
855	Yes	12.2	Cape Siskin	Crithagra totta	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
786	No	65.1	Cape Sparrow	Passer melanurus	Passeriformes	Passeridae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
181	No	53.2	Cape Spurfowl	Pternistis capensis	Galliformes	Phasianidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
749	Yes	27.5	Cape Sugarbird	Promerops cafer	Passeriformes	Promeropidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Omnivore	Nectarivore	Insessorial
98	No	30.1	Cape Teal	Anas capensis	Anseriformes	Anatidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Omnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
106	No	9.5	Cape Vulture	Gyps coprotheres	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	VU	Assessable	VU	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Scavenger	Scavenger	Terrestrial
686	No	76.2	Cape Wagtail	Motacilla capensis	Passeriformes	Motacillidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
799	No	68.1	Cape Weaver	Ploceus capensis	Passeriformes	Ploceidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Generalist
1172	No	63.4	Cape White-eye	Zosterops virens	Passeriformes	Zosteropidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
568	No	28.6	Capped Wheatear	Oenanthe pileata	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
450	No	8.4	Cardinal Woodpecker	Dendropicos fuscescens	Piciformes	Picidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
290	No	22.1	Caspian Tern	Hydroprogne caspia	Charadriiformes	Laridae	piscivore	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Increase	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
663	No	24.3	Chat Flycatcher	Melaenornis infuscatus	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
578	No	25.6	Chorister Robin-Chat	Cossypha dichroa	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
872	No	4.1	Cinnamon-breasted Bunting	Emberiza tahapisi	Passeriformes	Emberizidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
613	No	13.6	Cinnamon-breasted Warbler	Euryptila subcinnamomea	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
631	No	7.9	Cloud Cisticola	Cisticola textrix	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
771	No	11.6	Collared Sunbird	Hedydipna collaris	Passeriformes	Nectariniidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Omnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
196	No	2.2	Common Buttonquail	Turnix sylvaticus	Turniciformes	Turnicidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
154	No	15.5	Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Vertivore	Insessorial
263	No	21.9	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
507	No	2.0	Common House Martin	Delichon urbicum	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Human Modified	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
210	No	37.6	Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	Gruiformes	Rallidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
1	No	21.2	Common Ostrich	Struthio camelus	Struthioniformes	Struthionidae	herbivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
189	No	6.7	Common Quail	Coturnix coturnix	Galliformes	Phasianidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Human Modified	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
233	No	15.6	Common Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
258	No	8.0	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
421	No	14.4	Common Scimitarbill	Rhinopomastus cyanomelas	Upupiformes	Phoeniculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
733	No	67.5	Common Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	Passeriformes	Sturnidae	omnivore	LC	Introduced	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Human Modified	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
291	No	19.1	Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	Charadriiformes	Laridae	piscivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Marine	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
843	No	37.2	Common Waxbill	Estrilda astrild	Passeriformes	Estrildidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Generalist
439	No	2.2	Crested Barbet	Trachyphonus vaillantii	Piciformes	Lybiidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
51	No	18.1	Crowned Cormorant	Microcarbo coronatus	Ciconiiformes	Phalacrocoracidae	piscivore	VU	Assessable	LC	Significant Decline	Seabird	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Resident	Marine	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
427	No	3.8	Crowned Hornbill	Lophoceros alboterminatus	Bucerotiformes	Bucerotidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
242	No	25.7	Crowned Lapwing	Vanellus coronatus	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
251	No	13.5	Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	VU	Assessable	NT	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
300	No	13.1	Damara Tern	Sternula balaenarum	Charadriiformes	Laridae	NA	EN	Assessable	EN	NS Increase	Seabird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	NA	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
545	No	2.4	Dark-capped Bulbul	Pycnonotus tricolor	Passeriformes	Pycnonotidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Herbivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
219	No	15.4	Denham's Bustard	Neotis denhami	Otidiformes	Otididae	omnivore	VU	Assessable	NT	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
630	No	16.7	Desert Cisticola	Cisticola aridulus	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
352	No	7.8	Diederik Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx caprius	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
278	No	10.5	Double-banded Courser	Rhinoptilus africanus	Charadriiformes	Glareolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Desert	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
1038	No	17.7	Drakensberg Rockjumper	Chaetops aurantius	Passeriformes	Chaetopidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NT	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
764	No	12.8	Dusky Sunbird	Cinnyris fuscus	Passeriformes	Nectariniidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Desert	3	Omnivore	Nectarivore	Insessorial
1183	No	21.7	Eastern Clapper Lark	Mirafra fasciolata	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	1	Omnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
89	No	71.6	Egyptian Goose	Alopochen aegyptiaca	Anseriformes	Anatidae	herbivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Herbivore	Omnivore	Generalist
870	No	22.4	Eurasian Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Introduced	NA	NA	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Omnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
267	No	6.5	Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	NA	Assessable	NT	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
268	No	26.1	Eurasian Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	Charadriiformes	Scolopacidae	wader	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
404	No	11.3	European Bee-eater	Merops apiaster	Coraciiformes	Meropidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
678	No	19.3	Fairy Flycatcher	Stenostira scita	Passeriformes	Stenostiridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
570	No	30.5	Familiar Chat	Oenanthe familiaris	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
373	No	9.0	Fiery-necked Nightjar	Caprimulgus pectoralis	Strigiformes	Caprimulgidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
155	Yes	16.2	Forest Buzzard	Buteo trizonatus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	NT	Assessable	NT	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Vertivore	Insessorial
858	No	19.4	Forest Canary	Crithagra scotops	Passeriformes	Fringillidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Herbivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
517	No	41.8	Fork-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus adsimilis	Passeriformes	Dicruridae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
374	No	12.7	Freckled Nightjar	Caprimulgus tristigma	Strigiformes	Caprimulgidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
101	No	4.9	Fulvous Whistling Duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	Anseriformes	Anatidae	herbivore	NT��	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
162	No	8.8	Gabar Goshawk	Micronisus gabar	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Vertivore	Insessorial
395	No	11.0	Giant Kingfisher	Megaceryle maxima	Coraciiformes	Alcedinidae	piscivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Insessorial
83	No	17.2	Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Ciconiiformes	Threskiornithidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
874	No	4.8	Golden-breasted Bunting	Emberiza flaviventris	Passeriformes	Emberizidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
56	No	4.1	Goliath Heron	Ardea goliath	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	piscivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
4	No	15.6	Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus	Ciconiiformes	Podicipedidae	piscivore	VU	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
58	No	2.1	Great Egret	Ardea alba	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	piscivore	NT��	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
42	No	24.8	Great White Pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus	Ciconiiformes	Pelecanidae	piscivore	VU�	Assessable	LC	Significant Decline	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aquatic
298	No	40.4	Greater Crested Tern	Thalasseus bergii	Charadriiformes	Laridae	piscivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
758	No	46.6	Greater Double-collared Sunbird	Cinnyris afer	Passeriformes	Nectariniidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
86	No	29.7	Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus	Ciconiiformes	Phoenicopteridae	other	NT	Assessable	LC	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
440	No	3.9	Greater Honeyguide	Indicator indicator	Piciformes	Indicatoridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
122	No	5.8	Greater Kestrel	Falco rupicoloides	Falconiformes	Falconidae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
502	No	38.2	Greater Striped Swallow	Cecropis cucullata	Passeriformes	Hirundinidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Stable	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
419	No	18.7	Green Wood Hoopoe	Phoeniculus purpureus	Upupiformes	Phoeniculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
627	No	21.4	Green-backed Camaroptera	Camaroptera brachyura	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
516	No	10.2	Grey Cuckooshrike	Coracina caesia	Passeriformes	Campephagidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
54	No	41.1	Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	piscivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
241	No	17.7	Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	wader	NT	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Palearctic migrant	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
765	No	16.8	Grey Sunbird	Cyanomitra veroxii	Passeriformes	Nectariniidae	nectarivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Insessorial
525	No	16.7	Grey Tit	Melaniparus afer	Passeriformes	Paridae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
638	No	33.0	Grey-backed Cisticola	Cisticola subruficapilla	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
485	No	15.8	Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark	Eremopterix verticalis	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	granivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
288	No	21.1	Grey-headed Gull	Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus	Charadriiformes	Laridae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Aerial
176	No	9.3	Grey-winged Francolin	Scleroptila afra	Galliformes	Phasianidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Herbivore	Herbivore terrestrial	Terrestrial
445	No	6.9	Ground Woodpecker	Geocolaptes olivaceus	Piciformes	Picidae	insectivore	NT	Assessable	NT	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Rock	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
84	No	71.4	Hadada Ibis	Bostrychia hagedash	Ciconiiformes	Threskiornithidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Resident	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
396	No	5.5	Half-collared Kingfisher	Alcedo semitorquata	Coraciiformes	Alcedinidae	piscivore	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Insessorial
72	No	7.7	Hamerkop	Scopus umbretta	Ciconiiformes	Scopidae	carnivore-insectivore	NT	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
289	No	50.4	Hartlaub's Gull	Chroicocephalus hartlaubii	Charadriiformes	Laridae	omnivore	VU	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Seabird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Coastal	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Generalist
192	No	60.0	Helmeted Guineafowl	Numida meleagris	Galliformes	Numididae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	2	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
384	No	2.4	Horus Swift	Apus horus	Apodiformes	Apodidae	aerial insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Shrubland	1	Carnivore	Invertivore	Aerial
989	No	8.3	House Crow	Corvus splendens	Passeriformes	Corvidae	omnivore	LC	Introduced	NA	NA	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Human Modified	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
784	No	44.8	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Passeriformes	Passeridae	omnivore	LC	Introduced	NA	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Human Modified	3	Herbivore	Granivore	Terrestrial
1021	No	4.5	Indian Peafowl	Pavo cristatus	Galliformes	Phasianidae	omnivore	LC	Introduced	NA	NA	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
152	No	38.6	Jackal Buzzard	Buteo rufofuscus	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Grassland	3	Carnivore	Vertivore	Generalist
348	No	2.7	Jacobin Cuckoo	Clamator jacobinus	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Intra-Africa	Grassland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
566	No	33.8	Karoo Chat	Emarginata schlegelii	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Omnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
626	No	13.9	Karoo Eremomela	Eremomela gregalis	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
220	No	31.3	Karoo Korhaan	Eupodotis vigorsii	Gruiformes	Otididae	omnivore	NT	Assessable	LC	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Herbivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
461	Yes	18.0	Karoo Lark	Calendulauda albescens	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Desert	2	Omnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
4127	No	38.6	Karoo Long-billed Lark	Certhilauda subcoronata	Passeriformes	Alaudidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	3	Omnivore	Omnivore	Terrestrial
4139	No	74.8	Karoo Prinia	Prinia maculosa	Passeriformes	Cisticolidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
583	No	43.8	Karoo Scrub Robin	Cercotrichas coryphoeus	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Terrestrial
1104	No	17.5	Karoo Thrush	Turdus smithi	Passeriformes	Turdidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Omnivore	Omnivore	Generalist
287	No	65.2	Kelp Gull	Larus dominicanus	Charadriiformes	Laridae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Decline	Waterbird	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Marine	3	Carnivore	Omnivore	Generalist
351	No	13.2	Klaas's Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx klaas	Cuculiformes	Cuculidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Shrubland	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
4133	No	50.8	Knysna Turaco	Tauraco corythaix	Musophagiformes	Musophagidae	frugivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	1	Herbivore	Frugivore	Insessorial
611	Yes	11.6	Knysna Warbler	Bradypterus sylvaticus	Passeriformes	Locustellidae	insectivore	NT	Assessable	VU	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Forest	2	Carnivore	Invertivore	Generalist
606	No	7.9	[x] African Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus baeticatus	Passeriformes	Sylviidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Palearctic migrant	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
60	No	6.4	[x] Intermediate Egret	[x] Ardea intermedia	Ciconiiformes	Ardeidae	carnivore-insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Decline	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
149	No	20.0	African Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus vocifer	Falconiformes	Accipitridae	Raptor	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Raptor	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	2	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Insessorial
236	No	11.5	Chestnut-banded Plover	Charadrius pallidus	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	wader	VU	Assessable	LC	NS Decline	Terrestrial	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial
658	No	27.4	Chestnut-vented Warbler	Curruca subcoerulea	Passeriformes	Sylviidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
10006	NA	2.8	Domestic Duck	Anas platyrhynchos domesticus	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
10004	NA	3.3	Domestic Goose	Anser anser domesticus	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
665	No	51.3	Fiscal Flycatcher	Melaenornis silens	Passeriformes	Muscicapidae	insectivore	LC	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	Woodland	3	Carnivore	Invertivore	Insessorial
10015	NA	2.3	Hybrid Mallard	Anas hybrid	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
237	No	20.6	Kittlitz's Plover	Charadrius pecuarius	Charadriiformes	Charadriidae	wader	NT	Assessable	NA	Significant Increase	Waterbird	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Resident	Wetland	3	Carnivore	Aquatic predator	Terrestrial

Summary of species information dataset containing 207 unique records to be used for analysis. The table lists key species attributes and identifiers. Data are displayed in a scrollable format for readability.

Some Missing Information

Bird species with missing habitat information.

spp_number	endemic	rep_rate	species_english_name	species_scientific_name	order	family	diet	regional_category_2025	rl_assessment_status	global_category_2024	sabap2_trend	simple_realm	seabird	waterbird	landbird	terrestrial	inland_aquatic	marine	estuarine	coastal	migrant_status	habitat	habitat_density	trophic_level	trophic_niche	primary_lifestyle
658	No	27.4	Chestnut-vented Warbler	Curruca subcoerulea	Passeriformes	Sylviidae	omnivore	LC	Assessable	NA	NS Increase	Terrestrial	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Resident	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
10006	NA	2.8	Domestic Duck	Anas platyrhynchos domesticus	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
10004	NA	3.3	Domestic Goose	Anser anser domesticus	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
10015	NA	2.3	Hybrid Mallard	Anas hybrid	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Bird species (n = 4) for which trait and ecological information could not be retrieved from the reference trait database. These species were retained in the species list but will be excluded from trait-based analyses. KINDLY ADVISE

Distinct bird species per Order

Number of distinct bird species per family (n = 73).

Family	Number of Species
Accipitridae	13
Muscicapidae	12
Cisticolidae	9
Alaudidae	8
Scolopacidae	7
Fringillidae	7
Charadriidae	7
Laridae	7
Anatidae	6
Cuculidae	6
Hirundinidae	6
Ardeidae	6
Motacillidae	5
Nectariniidae	5
Apodidae	4
Rallidae	4
Threskiornithidae	4
Phasianidae	4
Lybiidae	3
Estrildidae	3
Pycnonotidae	3
Phalacrocoracidae	3
Alcedinidae	3
Emberizidae	3
NA	3
Monarchidae	2
Strigidae	2
Falconidae	2
Campephagidae	2
Malaconotidae	2
Sturnidae	2
Podicipedidae	2
Indicatoridae	2
Glareolidae	2
Corvidae	2
Paridae	2
Chaetopidae	2
Passeridae	2
Picidae	2
Phoeniculidae	2
Otididae	2
Caprimulgidae	2
Sylviidae	2
Anhingidae	1
Heliornithidae	1
Upupidae	1
Jacanidae	1
Columbidae	1
Haematopodidae	1
Ciconiidae	1
Oriolidae	1
Recurvirostridae	1
Gruidae	1
Sarothruridae	1
Platysteiridae	1
Sulidae	1
Macrosphenidae	1
Promeropidae	1
Ploceidae	1
Zosteropidae	1
Turnicidae	1
Struthionidae	1
Bucerotidae	1
Meropidae	1
Stenostiridae	1
Dicruridae	1
Pelecanidae	1
Phoenicopteridae	1
Scopidae	1
Numididae	1
Turdidae	1
Musophagidae	1
Locustellidae	1

Table showing number of distinct bird species per family (n = 73) derived from the species_info dataset. Families are listed in descending order of species richness.

Functional Pathways

Alluvial diagram showing how bird species (n = 207) are distributed across habitat, trophic niche, trophic level, and primary lifestyle categories. Flow widths represent the number of species sharing each trait combination, with colors denoting habitat types.

Frequency distribution of bird species across habitat categories

Proportion of species by trophic niche

Proportion of species by trophic level

Primary lifestyle categories of species

Faceted maps display

#| echo: false
#| warning: false
#| message: false
#| fig-width: 10
#| fig-height: 10
#| fig-cap-location: top


# ---- Convert once to sf ----
bld_sf <- st_as_sf(
  bld_data,
  coords = c("Long", "Lat"),
  crs = 4326, remove = FALSE
)

# ---- Prepare species groups ----
species_vec <- bld_sf |>
  distinct(Species.English.Name) |>
  arrange(Species.English.Name) |>
  pull()

chunk_size <- 16
chunks <- split(species_vec, ceiling(seq_along(species_vec) / chunk_size))

# ---- Define plotting function ----
plot_chunk <- function(sp_names) {
  df <- bld_sf |>
    filter(Species.English.Name %in% sp_names) |>
    mutate(Species = forcats::fct_relevel(Species.English.Name, sp_names))

  ggplot(df) +
    geom_sf(alpha = 0.35, size = 0.5) +
    coord_sf(expand = FALSE) +
    facet_wrap(~ Species, ncol = 4) +
    labs(x = NULL, y = NULL) +
    theme_minimal(base_size = 10) +
    theme(
      panel.grid = element_blank(),
      strip.text = element_text(face = "bold", size = 8),
      axis.title = element_blank(),
      plot.title = element_blank(),
      plot.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)
    )
}

# ---- Display each 4×4 grid inline ----
walk(chunks, ~ print(plot_chunk(.x)))