Introduction

This report explores the New York Times’ recommendation engine, based on the article Building the Next New York Times Recommendation Engine by Alexander Spangher. The goal is to understand how the system works, who it serves, and how it might be improved. We’ll use a technique called Scenario Design, which helps us think through how different users interact with the system and what they need from it.


What is Scenario Design?

Scenario Design is a way to imagine how people use a product or system. It asks three simple questions:

  1. Who are the key users?
  2. What are their goals?
  3. How might they interact with the system to achieve those goals?

We’ll apply this twice: once for the New York Times as an organization, and once for its readers.


Scenario Design: The New York Times (Organization)

Who are the users?

  • Editors and journalists
  • Product managers
  • Data scientists and engineers
  • Business and marketing teams

What are their goals?

  • Increase reader engagement and time spent on site
  • Promote high-quality journalism
  • Drive subscriptions and ad revenue
  • Surface relevant content quickly, especially breaking news

How might they use the system?

  • Use analytics to understand what content performs well
  • Adjust recommendation algorithms to highlight under-read but important stories
  • Personalize content based on user behavior and preferences
  • Test different recommendation strategies (e.g., trending vs. personalized)

Scenario Design: The Readers (Customers)

Who are the users?

  • Casual news browsers
  • Loyal subscribers
  • Topic-specific readers (e.g., politics, cooking, tech)
  • International readers

What are their goals?

  • Stay informed on current events
  • Discover stories that match their interests
  • Avoid information overload
  • Read trusted, high-quality journalism

How might they use the system?

  • Click on “Recommended for You” sections
  • Browse homepage or app feed
  • Search for specific topics
  • Follow links from newsletters or social media

Reverse Engineering the Recommendation System

Based on the article and site behavior, the NYT recommendation engine likely uses:

  • Content-based filtering: Recommends articles similar to what a user has read
  • Collaborative filtering: Suggests articles popular among similar readers
  • Freshness weighting: Prioritizes breaking news and recent content
  • Multimedia awareness: Recommends not just articles, but videos, podcasts, and interactive features

The system also seems to use Bayesian models, neural networks, and dimensionality reduction to better understand user preferences and article features.


Recommendations for Improvement

  1. Improve cold-start handling: New users or new articles may not get good recommendations. Consider using demographic or contextual data (e.g., location, time of day) to improve early suggestions.

  2. Increase transparency: Let users know why something is recommended. A simple “Because you read X” can build trust.

  3. Let users customize: Allow readers to follow topics, authors, or formats (e.g., “more podcasts, fewer opinion pieces”).

  4. Balance personalization with serendipity: Mix in surprising or diverse content to avoid filter bubbles.

  5. Use feedback loops: Let users thumbs-up/down recommendations to improve future suggestions.

  6. Test for bias: Regularly audit the system to ensure it doesn’t reinforce stereotypes or political echo chambers.


Conclusion

The New York Times recommendation engine is a powerful tool for connecting readers with relevant journalism. By designing with both the organization’s and readers’ goals in mind, and by making the system more transparent and adaptive, the NYT can continue to lead in digital news personalization.