November 1, 2025

Introduction

Project Overview

This analysis examines global economic trends through GDP data spanning 2020-2025, covering the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond.

Research Objectives:

  • Analyze global economic trends
  • Identify top performing economies
  • Examine growth patterns across regions
  • Provide statistical insights on recovery

Data Source: Kaggle - GDP per Country 2020-2025

Dataset Overview

Sample Data

##       Country  X2020  X2021  X2022  X2023  X2024  X2025
## 1 Afghanistan  20136  14278  14501  17248     NA     NA
## 2     Albania  15271  18086  19185  23388  27259  28372
## 3     Algeria 164774 185850 225709 247789 264913 268885
## 4     Andorra   2885   3325   3376   3786   4038   4035
## 5      Angola  66521  84375 142442 109764 115946 113343

Key Details:

  • Countries: 197 nations
  • Time Period: 2020-2025 (6 years)
  • Measurement: GDP in millions USD
  • Variables: Country name + 6 yearly GDP values
  • Coverage: Global - all major economies included

Data Exploration - Code Example

library(ggplot2)
library(plotly)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

gdp_data <- read.csv("2020-2025.csv")

head(gdp_data, 5)
##       Country  X2020  X2021  X2022  X2023  X2024  X2025
## 1 Afghanistan  20136  14278  14501  17248     NA     NA
## 2     Albania  15271  18086  19185  23388  27259  28372
## 3     Algeria 164774 185850 225709 247789 264913 268885
## 4     Andorra   2885   3325   3376   3786   4038   4035
## 5      Angola  66521  84375 142442 109764 115946 113343
gdp_growth <- gdp_data %>%
  filter(!is.na(X2020) & !is.na(X2025)) %>%
  mutate(Growth_Rate = ((X2025 - X2020) / X2020) * 100)

Visualization 1: Top 10 Economies (2025)

Visualization 2: Growth Rate Analysis

Key Insight: Shows 4 variables Initial GDP (x-axis), Growth rate (y-axis), Economy size category (color), and Final GDP (point size)

Visualization 3: Interactive Time Series (Plotly)

Visualization 4: 3D Regional Comparison (Plotly)

Statistical Analysis

Descriptive Statistics

GDP Growth Rate (2020-2025)
─────────────────────────────
Mean:        46.27%
Median:      41.02%
Std Dev:     37.06%
Min:         -56.45%
Max:         371.98%
Q1:          29.40%
Q3:          58.82%

Hypothesis Test

One-Sample T-Test

─────────────────────────────
H₀: Mean growth = 0%
Hₐ: Mean growth ≠ 0%
t-statistic: 17.162
p-value:     0.000000
95% CI:      [40.95%, 51.59%]
✓ Result: Highly Significant

Key Insights

Economic Recovery

  • Average global GDP growth: 46% (2020-2025)
  • Statistically significant recovery (p < 0.001)
  • Wide variation across economies
  • Post-pandemic rebound evident

Regional Patterns

  • Americas: US dominance continues
  • Asia: Rapid growth in emerging markets
  • Europe: Steady but moderate recovery
  • Top Two: US ($30.5T) and China ($19.2T)

Conclusions & Recommendations

Major Findings:

  1. 46% average GDP growth demonstrates significant economic rebound post-COVID-19

  2. Gap between large and small economies persists, with concentration at the top

  3. Different recovery patterns across Americas, Asia, and Europe

  4. T-test confirms growth is genuine, not due to chance (p < 0.001)

Thank You!


Project: Global GDP Analysis 2020-2025

Data Source: Kaggle : GDP per Country Dataset

Tools: R, ggplot2, plotly, dplyr, tidyr