Picturing Perceptions
Updated: November 02, 2025
1 Data and scoring
## Rows: 272
## Columns: 187
## $ prolific_id <chr> "628f7e982aad1788d940317a", "6471243669fd3f43501e…
## $ gender <chr> "Male", "Female", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Fe…
## $ ethnicity <chr> "White", "White", "Other (please specify)", "Asia…
## $ age <dbl> 71, 68, 33, 50, 44, 30, 54, 49, 53, 46, 68, 54, 7…
## $ ses <chr> "5", "3", "5", "4", "4", "3", "7", "5", "7", "3",…
## $ living_area <chr> "Rural (countryside/small town)", "Suburban", "Su…
## $ state <chr> "Texas", "California", "North Carolina", "Texas",…
## $ political_view <chr> "Very conservative", "Moderate / Middle of the ro…
## $ education <chr> "Some college, no degree", "Associate's degree", …
## $ employ_status <chr> "Retired", "Retired", "Employed full-time", "Self…
## $ start_date <chr> "2025-11-01 10:37:36", "2025-11-01 17:35:25", "20…
## $ end_date <chr> "2025-11-01 10:45:00", "2025-11-01 17:44:15", "20…
## $ status <chr> "IP Address", "IP Address", "IP Address", "IP Add…
## $ progress <chr> "100", "100", "100", "100", "100", "100", "100", …
## $ duration_in_seconds <chr> "443", "530", "1904", "392", "443", "372", "666",…
## $ finished <chr> "True", "True", "True", "True", "True", "True", "…
## $ recorded_date <chr> "2025-11-01 10:45:00", "2025-11-01 17:44:16", "20…
## $ response_id <chr> "R_7hAzPiGTYIuUh7t", "R_15Ryvbv6ueznM4X", "R_5aWQ…
## $ distribution_channel <chr> "anonymous", "anonymous", "anonymous", "anonymous…
## $ user_language <chr> "EN", "EN", "EN", "EN", "EN", "EN", "EN", "EN", "…
## $ consent <chr> "Yes, I agree", "Yes, I agree", "Yes, I agree", "…
## $ sexism_q2 <chr> "Disagree", "Disagree", "Neither agree or disagre…
## $ sexism_q3 <chr> "Agree", "Agree", "Neither agree or disagree", "D…
## $ sexism_q4 <chr> "Neither agree or disagree", "Somewhat disagree",…
## $ sexism_q5 <chr> "Somewhat disagree", "Disagree", "Neither agree o…
## $ sexism_q6 <chr> "Somewhat disagree", "Disagree", "Somewhat agree"…
## $ sexism_q7 <chr> "Strongly agree", "Agree", "Somewhat disagree", "…
## $ sexism_q8 <chr> "Strongly agree", "Agree", "Somewhat disagree", "…
## $ sexism_q9 <chr> "Disagree", "Disagree", "Neither agree or disagre…
## $ socdes_q1_1 <chr> "applies mostly", "applies somewhat", "applies so…
## $ socdes_q1_2 <chr> "applies completely", "applies mostly", "applies …
## $ socdes_q1_3 <chr> "applies completely", "applies mostly", "doesn't …
## $ socdes_q1_4 <chr> "applies completely", "applies a bit", "applies s…
## $ socdes_q1_5 <chr> "doesn't apply at all", "applies a bit", "doesn't…
## $ socdes_q1_6 <chr> "doesn't apply at all", "applies a bit", "applies…
## $ race_5_text <chr> NA, NA, "multi white asian", NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ employ_status_9_text <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
## $ personal_income <chr> "$25,000 - $49,999", "$25,000 - $49,999", "$50,00…
## $ household_income <chr> "$50,000 - $74,999", "$25,000 - $49,999", "$50,00…
## $ job_description <chr> "I'm retired.", "I am retired and I take a lot of…
## $ worry_money <chr> "Rarely", "Sometimes", "Rarely", "Sometimes", "Of…
## $ difficult_bill <chr> "Not at all difficult", "Very difficult", "Slight…
## $ news_source <chr> "Podcasts", "Social media (Facebook, Twitter/X, I…
## $ news_source_12_text <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
## $ socialmedia_time <chr> "1-2 hours", "1-2 hours", "None / I don't use soc…
## $ media_trust <chr> "Slightly", "Not at all", "Not at all", "Moderate…
## $ opposing_views <chr> "Often", "Very often / All the time", "Often", "S…
## $ q1 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "…
## $ q2 <chr> "WF", "WF", "AF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q3 <chr> "LF", "WF", "LF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "…
## $ q4 <chr> "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "…
## $ q5 <chr> "WF", "LM", "WF", "LM", "LM", "WF", "WF", "LM", "…
## $ q6 <chr> "AM", "AM", "WF", "AM", "AM", "WF", "AM", "AM", "…
## $ q7 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "LF", "LF", "AM", "AM", "…
## $ q8 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "BM", "WM", "…
## $ q9 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "BM", "LM", "LM", "…
## $ q10 <chr> "WF", "WM", "WF", "WM", "WM", "WF", "WF", "WM", "…
## $ q11 <chr> "BF", "BF", "LM", "LM", "LM", "BF", "BF", "LM", "…
## $ q12 <chr> "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "BF", "WF", "…
## $ q13 <chr> "WM", "WM", "AF", "WM", "WM", "WM", "AF", "WM", "…
## $ q14 <chr> "BF", "BM", "BF", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BF", "BM", "…
## $ q15 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "BF", "AM", "BF", "BF", "AM", "…
## $ q16 <chr> "WM", "WM", "LF", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "…
## $ q17 <chr> "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "…
## $ q18 <chr> "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "BF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "…
## $ q19 <chr> "LF", "BM", "LF", "BM", "BM", "BM", "LF", "BM", "…
## $ q20 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q21 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "…
## $ q22 <chr> "LF", "LF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q23 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WF", "WF", "WM", "…
## $ q24 <chr> "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "…
## $ q25 <chr> "AF", "BM", "AF", "BM", "BM", "BM", "AF", "BM", "…
## $ q26 <chr> "AM", "AM", "AM", "WM", "WM", "AM", "WM", "WM", "…
## $ q27 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "…
## $ q28 <chr> "BF", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "BF", "AM", "…
## $ q29 <chr> "BM", "BM", "BM", "WF", "BM", "WF", "WF", "BM", "…
## $ q30 <chr> "LM", "LM", "AF", "AF", "LM", "AF", "AF", "LM", "…
## $ q31 <chr> "AM", "LM", "AM", "AM", "LM", "LM", "AM", "LM", "…
## $ q32 <chr> "LM", "LM", "WM", "WM", "LM", "WM", "WM", "LM", "…
## $ q33 <chr> "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "WF", "…
## $ q34 <chr> "AM", "LM", "LM", "AM", "AM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "…
## $ q35 <chr> "AM", "WF", "WF", "WF", "AM", "WF", "WF", "WF", "…
## $ q36 <chr> "LM", "LM", "AF", "AF", "LM", "LM", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q37 <chr> "BF", "BF", "AF", "BF", "AF", "BF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q38 <chr> "AM", "AM", "LF", "AM", "AM", "LF", "LF", "AM", "…
## $ q39 <chr> "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q40 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "BF", "LM", "LM", "BF", "LM", "…
## $ q41 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "BM", "WM", "…
## $ q42 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "AF", "WM", "…
## $ q43 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "WF", "LM", "…
## $ q44 <chr> "AF", "LF", "AF", "AF", "LF", "LF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q45 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "…
## $ q46 <chr> "LF", "WF", "WF", "LF", "WF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "…
## $ q47 <chr> "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "AF", "AF", "BM", "…
## $ q48 <chr> "AM", "BM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "BM", "AM", "…
## $ q49 <chr> "BM", "BM", "BM", "AM", "AM", "AM", "BM", "AM", "…
## $ q50 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "…
## $ q51 <chr> "WF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "WF", "WF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q52 <chr> "BM", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "LF", "BM", "…
## $ q53 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "…
## $ q54 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LF", "LF", "LM", "…
## $ q55 <chr> "WM", "WM", "LF", "WM", "WM", "WM", "LF", "WM", "…
## $ q56 <chr> "BM", "BM", "WF", "WF", "BM", "BM", "WF", "BM", "…
## $ q57 <chr> "BM", "BM", "BF", "BM", "BM", "BF", "BF", "BM", "…
## $ q58 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LF", "LM", "LM", "…
## $ q59 <chr> "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "AF", "BF", "AF", "AF", "…
## $ q60 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "BF", "WM", "…
## $ q61 <chr> "AM", "WM", "AM", "WM", "WM", "WM", "AM", "WM", "…
## $ q62 <chr> "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "BM", "…
## $ q63 <chr> "WF", "BF", "WF", "WF", "BF", "BF", "WF", "WF", "…
## $ q64 <chr> "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "LM", "BM", "BM", "…
## $ q65 <chr> "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "BF", "…
## $ q66 <chr> "WM", "WM", "WF", "WM", "WM", "WM", "WF", "WM", "…
## $ q67 <chr> "LM", "LM", "AM", "AM", "LM", "LM", "AM", "LM", "…
## $ q68 <chr> "BM", "BM", "LF", "LF", "LF", "BM", "LF", "BM", "…
## $ q1t_page_submit <dbl> 3.946, 2.951, 3.847, 1.109, 1.383, 3.556, 3.226, …
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## $ q54t_page_submit <dbl> 1.155, 1.199, 1.882, 2.224, 0.844, 1.675, 0.000, …
## $ q55t_page_submit <dbl> 1.481, 1.295, 2.024, 2.892, 0.684, 1.578, 0.000, …
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## $ q58t_page_submit <dbl> 0.977, 1.050, 2.113, 1.287, 0.586, 1.656, 1.426, …
## $ q59t_page_submit <dbl> 1.382, 1.568, 1.872, 2.286, 1.855, 1.938, 1.457, …
## $ q60t_page_submit <dbl> 1.376, 1.220, 1.081, 1.226, 0.843, 1.353, 1.459, …
## $ q61t_page_submit <dbl> 1.631, 1.084, 1.754, 1.470, 1.020, 0.860, 0.000, …
## $ q62t_page_submit <dbl> 1.151, 1.551, 1.971, 2.966, 2.287, 1.497, 0.000, …
## $ q63t_page_submit <dbl> 1.290, 1.795, 1.697, 0.958, 1.130, 1.299, 0.786, …
## $ q64t_page_submit <dbl> 1.005, 1.592, 1.242, 1.646, 2.155, 1.676, 1.250, …
## $ q65t_page_submit <dbl> 1.808, 1.181, 0.989, 3.805, 1.180, 1.265, 1.332, …
## $ q66t_page_submit <dbl> 1.574, 1.234, 1.328, 1.400, 0.826, 0.663, 2.050, …
## $ q67t_page_submit <dbl> 1.519, 1.136, 1.280, 1.065, 1.879, 1.073, 1.245, …
## $ q68t_page_submit <dbl> 1.525, 1.553, 2.683, 4.044, 1.887, 0.816, 2.785, …
## $ imp_gender <dbl> 10, 10, 6, 7, 10, 7, 8, 8, 9, 8, 5, 8, 8, 3, 8, 5…
## $ imp_ethnic <dbl> 10, 10, 7, 8, 9, 9, 6, 7, 0, 8, 8, 7, 8, 2, 8, 0,…
## $ imp_age <dbl> 5, 7, 7, 8, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 8, 2, 7, 9, 9, 6, 1, 0…
## $ imp_attract <dbl> 10, 7, 7, 7, 6, 5, 8, 6, 7, 6, 7, 1, 8, 1, 8, 0, …Earnings benchmark:
2 Results
2.1 Full sample
2.2 Male participants only
2.3 Female participants only
2.4 White participants only
White male participants only:
White female participants only:
2.5 Black participants only
Black male participants only:
Black female participants only:
2.6 Latino participants only
Latino male participants only:
Latino female participants only:
2.7 Asian participants only
Asian male participants only:
Asian female participants only:
