Descriptive and Visual Analysis of mtcars Dataset

Roll No: 29 | Reg No: 12312414 | Group: G1

Introduction

This dataset (mtcars) provides information about car performance, including miles per gallon (mpg), number of cylinders, weight, horsepower, and more.
We will perform descriptive and visual analysis to understand the relationships between these variables.

---

load libraries

#load essential libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

Data set Overview

#Load the inbuilt data
data("mtcars")

#display first few rows
head(mtcars)

##                    mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1

summary

summary(mtcars)

##       mpg             cyl             disp             hp       
##  Min.   :10.40   Min.   :4.000   Min.   : 71.1   Min.   : 52.0  
##  1st Qu.:15.43   1st Qu.:4.000   1st Qu.:120.8   1st Qu.: 96.5  
##  Median :19.20   Median :6.000   Median :196.3   Median :123.0  
##  Mean   :20.09   Mean   :6.188   Mean   :230.7   Mean   :146.7  
##  3rd Qu.:22.80   3rd Qu.:8.000   3rd Qu.:326.0   3rd Qu.:180.0  
##  Max.   :33.90   Max.   :8.000   Max.   :472.0   Max.   :335.0  
##       drat             wt             qsec             vs        
##  Min.   :2.760   Min.   :1.513   Min.   :14.50   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:3.080   1st Qu.:2.581   1st Qu.:16.89   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :3.695   Median :3.325   Median :17.71   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :3.597   Mean   :3.217   Mean   :17.85   Mean   :0.4375  
##  3rd Qu.:3.920   3rd Qu.:3.610   3rd Qu.:18.90   3rd Qu.:1.0000  
##  Max.   :4.930   Max.   :5.424   Max.   :22.90   Max.   :1.0000  
##        am              gear            carb      
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :3.000   Min.   :1.000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:3.000   1st Qu.:2.000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :4.000   Median :2.000  
##  Mean   :0.4062   Mean   :3.688   Mean   :2.812  
##  3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:4.000   3rd Qu.:4.000  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :5.000   Max.   :8.000

1.EDA ON MTCARS

1.1 Barplot

cyl_count<-table(mtcars$cyl)
barplot(cyl_count,main="barplot of car count by cylinder number",
        xlab = "number of cylinder",ylab = "frequency",col="lightblue")

1.2 Pie chart

pie(cyl_count,main="pie chart of car counts by cylinder number",
    col=rainbow(length(cyl_count)))

1.3 histogram

# Create a histogram of 'mpg' (miles per gallon)
hist(mtcars$mpg,
     main = "Histogram of Miles per Gallon",
     xlab = "Miles per Gallon",
     col = "skyblue",
     border = "white",
     breaks = 10)
# Add a rug for better visualization
rug(mtcars$mpg)

1.4 boxplot

boxplot(mtcars$mpg,
main = "Boxplot of Miles per Gallon",
ylab = "Miles per Gallon",
col = "lightgreen")

1.4 scatter plot

plot(mtcars$wt, mtcars$mpg,
main = "Scatter Plot of MPG vs Weight",
xlab = "Car Weight",
ylab = "Miles per Gallon",
col = "tomato",
pch = 19)