Load Required Libraries

#Load essential packages
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

Load Dataset

data("mtcars")
View(mtcars)

Descriptive Analysis

selected_data <- mtcars %>%
  select(mpg, cyl, hp, wt)
print("Selected Columns:")
## [1] "Selected Columns:"
print(head(selected_data))
##                    mpg cyl  hp    wt
## Mazda RX4         21.0   6 110 2.620
## Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6 110 2.875
## Datsun 710        22.8   4  93 2.320
## Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6 110 3.215
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8 175 3.440
## Valiant           18.1   6 105 3.460
filtered_data <- mtcars %>%
  filter(mpg > 20)
print("Filtered Data (MPG > 20):")
## [1] "Filtered Data (MPG > 20):"
print(head(filtered_data))
##                 mpg cyl  disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## Mazda RX4      21.0   6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## Mazda RX4 Wag  21.0   6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## Datsun 710     22.8   4 108.0  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## Hornet 4 Drive 21.4   6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## Merc 240D      24.4   4 146.7  62 3.69 3.190 20.00  1  0    4    2
## Merc 230       22.8   4 140.8  95 3.92 3.150 22.90  1  0    4    2
arranged_data <- mtcars %>%
  arrange(desc(mpg))
print("Arranged by MPG (Descending):")
## [1] "Arranged by MPG (Descending):"
print(head(arranged_data))
##                 mpg cyl  disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## Toyota Corolla 33.9   4  71.1  65 4.22 1.835 19.90  1  1    4    1
## Fiat 128       32.4   4  78.7  66 4.08 2.200 19.47  1  1    4    1
## Honda Civic    30.4   4  75.7  52 4.93 1.615 18.52  1  1    4    2
## Lotus Europa   30.4   4  95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90  1  1    5    2
## Fiat X1-9      27.3   4  79.0  66 4.08 1.935 18.90  1  1    4    1
## Porsche 914-2  26.0   4 120.3  91 4.43 2.140 16.70  0  1    5    2
plot(mtcars$hp, mtcars$mpg,
     main = "MPG vs Horsepower",
     xlab = "Horsepower", ylab = "Miles per Gallon",
     col = "blue", pch = 19)

barplot(table(mtcars$cyl),
        main = "Count of Cars by Cylinder",
        xlab = "Cylinders", ylab = "Number of Cars",
        col = "orange")

boxplot(mpg ~ cyl, data = mtcars,
        main = "MPG by Number of Cylinders",
        xlab = "Cylinders", ylab = "Miles Per Gallon",
        col = "lightgreen")

hist(mtcars$mpg,
     main = "Histogram of MPG",
     xlab = "Miles Per Gallon",
     col = "lightblue", border = "black")

corr_matrix <- cor(mtcars[, c("mpg", "hp", "wt", "disp")])
heatmap(corr_matrix, main = "Correlation Heatmap", col = heat.colors(256))