BirdLasser Data Cleaning

Author

Festus Adegbola

Published

October 27, 2025

METHODS

  • Bird occurrence records were obtained from the BirdLasser database through direct collaboration with the BirdLasser development team and scientists from BirdLife International.

  • Records were compiled for all Southern African Bird Atlas Project 2 (SABAP2) species with a full-protocol reporting rate (FP RR%) greater than 1%, excluding pelagic seabirds and vagrant species.

  • The dataset covered the period 2022–2025 to provide a temporal buffer around the dates of BioiSCape remote sensing data acquisition, thereby ensuring a more complete representation of species occurrences within the study window.

  • Each species-specific BirdLasser file was spatially filtered to retain only records located within pentads (5-minute grid cells) where the corresponding species has confirmed SABAP2 occurrences.

  • This filtering was implemented using a custom R workflow that queried the SABAP2 API to retrieve valid pentads for each species and removed any records falling outside these verified ranges.

  • The cleaning process ensured that all retained BirdLasser records were geographically and temporally consistent with SABAP2 distributions, improving spatial accuracy and data reliability for subsequent analyses.

  • Because data availability varied across species, with some datasets covering all of South Africa and others restricted to the Western Cape, an additional spatial filtering step was applied to restrict all records to the defined geographic extent of the study area (Western Cape Province).

  • BirdLasser records classified as ‘Dead’ (e.g., roadkill, poisoning, wire collision) were excluded from analyses, as they do not represent active occurrence or habitat association. Only records categorized as ‘Alive’ were retained for richness and diversity analyses to capture for true presence data.

  • The Reporting Rate was extracted from the SABAP2 species list record.

  • Species guild and trait information were compiled from two primary sources:

  • Data on endemism, taxonomic classification (order, family), dietary guild, biogeographic realm, regional and global Red List categories, ecological groupings, population trends, and migratory status were obtained from a South African avifaunal database provided by Alan Lee.

  • Additional trait data describing habitat, habitat density, trophic level, trophic niche, and primary lifestyle were extracted from the AVONET database (Tobias et al., 2022) using BirdLife International species information as the taxonomic reference. These attributes were used to classify species into functional guilds and characterize ecological strategies relevant to habitat structure and resource use.

Table displaying occurrence records for all birds in the province

Total rows Columns Memory (MB)
845,695 37 295.8
Species.English.Name Species.Scientific.Name spp_number Date Time Lat Long Altitude Seen Dead.or.alive Pentad ISO.Date.and.time source_file Endemic Order Family Diet Simple_realm Regional_Category_2025 RL_Assessment_status Global_Category_2024 Seabird Waterbird Landbird Terrestrial Inland.Aquatic Marine Estuarine Coastal SABAP2_Trend Migrant_status RepRate Habitat Habitat.Density Trophic.Level Trophic.Niche Primary.Lifestyle
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 17:39:25 -33.82 18.63 180.10 TRUE Alive 3345_1835 2025-02-27T15:39:25Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 17:31:28 -32.26 22.57 984.00 TRUE Alive 3215_2230 2025-02-27T15:31:28Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 13:45:11 -32.57 22.28 688.40 TRUE Alive 3230_2215 2025-02-27T11:45:11Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 12:49:37 -33.43 20.80 719.00 TRUE Alive 3325_2045 2025-02-27T10:49:37Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 11:53:07 -34.08 20.45 84.40 TRUE Alive 3400_2025 2025-02-27T09:53:07Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 09:40:30 -34.26 20.38 138.00 TRUE Alive 3415_2020 2025-02-27T07:40:30Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 09:04:45 -33.78 20.11 221.00 TRUE Alive 3345_2005 2025-02-27T07:04:45Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 08:41:29 -32.96 18.11 40.00 TRUE Alive 3255_1805 2025-02-27T06:41:29Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-27 07:40:50 -32.78 18.15 37.40 TRUE Alive 3245_1805 2025-02-27T05:40:50Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 15:52:36 -33.25 20.96 634.88 TRUE Alive 3310_2055 2025-02-26T13:52:36Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 12:12:22 -33.88 18.58 107.80 TRUE Alive 3350_1830 2025-02-26T10:12:22Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 11:16:51 -33.30 21.00 613.40 TRUE Alive 3315_2055 2025-02-26T09:16:51Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 11:01:37 -33.78 21.92 348.00 TRUE Alive 3345_2155 2025-02-26T09:01:37Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 11:01:07 -33.78 21.92 374.40 TRUE Alive 3345_2155 2025-02-26T09:01:07Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 10:59:14 -33.87 21.14 406.00 TRUE Alive 3350_2105 2025-02-26T08:59:14Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 10:21:25 -33.84 18.49 36.70 TRUE Alive 3350_1825 2025-02-26T08:21:25Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 10:13:34 -33.08 21.39 612.38 TRUE Alive 3305_2120 2025-02-26T08:13:34Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 09:01:10 -33.77 22.03 510.20 TRUE Alive 3345_2200 2025-02-26T07:01:10Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 09:01:06 -33.77 22.03 460.00 TRUE Alive 3345_2200 2025-02-26T07:01:06Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas 432 2025-02-26 08:49:32 -33.84 18.64 213.80 TRUE Alive 3350_1835 2025-02-26T06:49:32Z Acacia Pied Barbet.csv No Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore Terrestrial LC Assessable NA No No Yes Yes No No No No Significant Increase Resident 24.1 Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial

Overview of the BirdLasser occurrence dataset comprising 845,695 field observations. Only a subset of the data (first 20 records) is shown for clarity; the full dataset is available for download.

Download full dataset (Parquet)]

Species Summary

Bird species ranked by reporting rate based on BirdLasser occurrence data (2022–2025).
Species (English Name) Total Records Unique Pentads Reporting Rate (%)
Cape Wagtail 20134 1109 76.2
Karoo Prinia 21970 1334 74.8
Egyptian Goose 23711 1121 71.6
Hadada Ibis 22364 990 71.4
Cape Robin-Chat 18978 1030 71.1
Cape Bulbul 19042 953 70.0
Cape Weaver 16593 944 68.1
Common Starling 18889 735 67.5
Kelp Gull 14267 284 65.2
Cape Sparrow 19503 1275 65.1
Cape White-eye 18614 945 63.4
Helmeted Guineafowl 18142 826 60.0
African Sacred Ibis 18981 801 57.4
Blacksmith Lapwing 15762 811 57.0
Bokmakierie 14980 1247 54.4
Cape Spurfowl 13412 844 53.2
Fiscal Flycatcher 12208 948 51.3
Knysna Turaco 3255 54 50.8
Hartlaub's Gull 9875 166 50.4
Greater Double-collared Sunbird 4673 280 46.6
Black-headed Oriole 3281 77 46.4
African Oystercatcher 4489 132 45.9
House Sparrow 9862 854 44.8
Bar-throated Apalis 10258 697 44.1
Karoo Scrub Robin 10007 1111 43.8
Cape Canary 10678 770 42.9
Black-headed Heron 12109 781 42.0
Fork-tailed Drongo 10767 564 41.8
Grey Heron 10111 673 41.1
Cape Cormorant 3209 138 40.4
Greater Crested Tern 4944 122 40.4
Jackal Buzzard 15132 1031 38.6
Karoo Long-billed Lark 2106 344 38.6
Greater Striped Swallow 10435 986 38.2
Common Moorhen 9910 449 37.6
Common Waxbill 8816 828 37.2
Black-winged Stilt 8516 419 34.3
Cape Crow 7252 725 34.3
Karoo Chat 4371 646 33.8
Grey-backed Cisticola 9458 1046 33.0
African Red-eyed Bulbul 1462 241 32.7
Cape Shoveler 8037 357 32.4
Cape Bunting 8485 1012 31.7
Karoo Korhaan 2302 405 31.3
Barn Swallow 9871 926 31.1
Brown-throated Martin 5827 594 30.5
Familiar Chat 6911 965 30.5
African Stonechat 7096 722 30.4
Cape Teal 6990 368 30.1
Greater Flamingo 5495 173 29.7
African Pipit 6327 785 29.2
African Darter 6543 439 28.6
Capped Wheatear 6523 629 28.6
Blue Crane 10893 684 28.5
Agulhas Long-billed Lark 1841 159 28.4
Black-winged Kite 10238 754 28.3
Cape Sugarbird 7203 441 27.5
Chestnut-vented Warbler 3849 579 27.4
Black-throated Canary 585 132 26.7
Black-backed Puffback 1358 45 26.3
Eurasian Whimbrel 2288 79 26.1
Crowned Lapwing 5293 534 25.7
Chorister Robin-Chat 1715 43 25.6
Cape Batis 6241 410 25.4
African Hoopoe 5831 703 25.1
Amethyst Sunbird 4773 270 25.1
Cape Grassbird 5568 464 24.8
Great White Pelican 2826 110 24.8
Chat Flycatcher 570 182 24.3
Acacia Pied Barbet 5762 762 24.1
Ant-eating Chat 1789 357 23.7
Brown-hooded Kingfisher 2649 267 23.3
African Spoonbill 4968 461 22.8
Eurasian Chaffinch 1079 9 22.4
Caspian Tern 3050 101 22.1
Common Greenshank 3056 163 21.9
Eastern Clapper Lark 466 70 21.7
Green-backed Camaroptera 1373 46 21.4
African Dusky Flycatcher 5299 242 21.2
Common Ostrich 4899 421 21.2
Grey-headed Gull 3771 136 21.1
Brimstone Canary 3652 392 20.9
African Rock Pipit 316 61 20.7
Kittlitz's Plover 3728 267 20.6
African Fish Eagle 4344 425 20.0
Black Saw-wing 4192 310 19.9
African Swamphen 2989 75 19.6
Forest Canary 2497 74 19.4
Fairy Flycatcher 1856 428 19.3
Common Tern 2805 116 19.1
Green Wood Hoopoe 1009 30 18.7
Black-bellied Starling 1131 43 18.2
Crowned Cormorant 1326 72 18.1
Karoo Lark 2676 384 18.0
Drakensberg Rockjumper 8 6 17.7
Grey Plover 1198 47 17.7
Karoo Thrush 1150 252 17.5
Cape Longclaw 3117 379 17.2
Glossy Ibis 3699 182 17.2
Grey Sunbird 1031 40 16.8
Desert Cisticola 354 88 16.7
Grey Tit 1660 376 16.7
Forest Buzzard 1842 120 16.2
Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark 1184 321 15.8
Common Ringed Plover 2723 116 15.6
Great Crested Grebe 2346 115 15.6
Common Buzzard 6676 689 15.5
Denham's Bustard 1685 220 15.4
African Paradise Flycatcher 4487 373 15.0
Alpine Swift 3595 646 14.9
Cape Gannet 784 85 14.8
Bronze Mannikin 1103 8 14.7
Common Scimitarbill 39 16 14.4
Karoo Eremomela 518 158 13.9
African Olive Pigeon 2251 154 13.8
Cinnamon-breasted Warbler 188 29 13.6
Curlew Sandpiper 1346 80 13.5
Burchell's Coucal 2126 161 13.3
Cape Rock Thrush 1895 237 13.2
Klaas's Cuckoo 3650 388 13.2
Damara Tern 81 3 13.1
Black-crowned Night Heron 2444 176 13.0
African Marsh Harrier 1992 168 12.8
Cape Rockjumper 1021 64 12.8
Dusky Sunbird 1478 318 12.8
Freckled Nightjar 104 36 12.7
Black Crake 2344 169 12.6
Black-headed Canary 1882 418 12.5
Cape Siskin 1838 248 12.2
African Black Swift 2976 436 11.9
Blue-mantled Crested Flycatcher 1212 57 11.6
Collared Sunbird 989 36 11.6
Knysna Warbler 1347 64 11.6
Chestnut-banded Plover 455 15 11.5
Cape Clapper Lark 1918 401 11.3
European Bee-eater 1572 270 11.3
Giant Kingfisher 2263 320 11.0
Double-banded Courser 198 58 10.5
Black-necked Grebe 2573 120 10.2
Grey Cuckooshrike 748 40 10.2
Black Sparrowhawk 2628 246 10.1
African Goshawk 1759 181 9.7
Cape Vulture 367 46 9.5
African Emerald Cuckoo 572 29 9.3
Grey-winged Francolin 1691 307 9.3
African Black Duck 2075 340 9.2
Black-winged Lapwing 576 43 9.2
Fiery-necked Nightjar 1869 264 9.0
Cape Penduline Tit 1104 238 8.9
Bank Cormorant 478 49 8.8
Gabar Goshawk 84 24 8.8
Blue-billed Teal 823 41 8.6
Black-eared Sparrow-Lark 422 106 8.5
Cardinal Woodpecker 1489 362 8.4
Booted Eagle 3212 600 8.3
House Crow 641 16 8.3
Common Sandpiper 1315 112 8.0
Cloud Cisticola 1187 234 7.9
[x] African Reed Warbler 301 120 7.9
Black Harrier 3481 447 7.8
Diederik Cuckoo 2096 317 7.8
Bar-tailed Godwit 653 32 7.7
Hamerkop 1837 432 7.7
African Harrier-Hawk 2680 305 7.4
Black-collared Barbet 538 23 7.4
Black Cuckoo 644 70 7.0
Ground Woodpecker 866 141 6.9
Cape Long-billed Lark 383 68 6.8
Common Quail 1735 395 6.7
Eurasian Curlew 395 27 6.5
[x] Intermediate Egret 1161 127 6.4
Greater Kestrel 581 169 5.8
Half-collared Kingfisher 452 25 5.5
Black Cuckooshrike 551 54 5.4
Banded Martin 485 98 5.1
Burchell's Courser 34 6 5.1
Fulvous Whistling Duck 1561 18 4.9
African Rail 504 50 4.8
Golden-breasted Bunting 73 16 4.8
African Snipe 603 69 4.7
African Palm Swift 1155 115 4.6
Indian Peafowl 925 127 4.5
Black-chested Prinia 104 29 4.4
African Wood Owl 403 36 4.1
Cinnamon-breasted Bunting 204 63 4.1
Goliath Heron 471 40 4.1
Greater Honeyguide 448 117 3.9
Crowned Hornbill 2 1 3.8
African Jacana 491 22 3.3
Domestic Goose 168 36 3.3
African Finfoot 3 2 3.2
Amur Falcon 203 35 2.9
Buff-spotted Flufftail 386 37 2.9
Domestic Duck 76 20 2.8
Jacobin Cuckoo 96 38 2.7
African Firefinch 106 24 2.4
Brown-backed Honeybird 458 53 2.4
Dark-capped Bulbul 9 3 2.4
Horus Swift 161 43 2.4
Cape Eagle-Owl 185 41 2.3
Hybrid Mallard 266 28 2.3
Common Buttonquail 5 2 2.2
Crested Barbet 10 2 2.2
Black Stork 166 68 2.1
Great Egret 189 30 2.1
Buffy Pipit 44 14 2.0
Common House Martin 278 107 2.0

Aggregated summary of BirdLasser occurrence records by species, showing total observations and number of unique pentads per species following spatial and SABAP2-based data cleaning.

Complete Species Information - 207 Species

spp_number Endemic RepRate Species.English.Name Species.Scientific.Name Order Family Diet Regional_Category_2025 RL_Assessment_status Global_Category_2024 SABAP2_Trend Simple_realm Seabird Waterbird Landbird Terrestrial Inland.Aquatic Marine Estuarine Coastal Migrant_status Habitat Habitat.Density Trophic.Level Trophic.Niche Primary.Lifestyle
432 No 24.1 Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
95 No 9.2 African Black Duck Anas sparsa Anseriformes Anatidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Aquatic
380 No 11.9 African Black Swift Apus barbatus Apodiformes Apodidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 1 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
52 No 28.6 African Darter Anhinga rufa Ciconiiformes Anhingidae piscivore NT Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
655 No 21.2 African Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
350 No 9.3 African Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cupreus Cuculiformes Cuculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
213 No 3.2 African Finfoot Podica senegalensis Gruiformes Heliornithidae insectivore VU Assessable LC NS Decline Terrestrial No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
833 No 2.4 African Firefinch Lagonosticta rubricata Passeriformes Estrildidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
160 No 9.7 African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA NS Decline Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Vertivore Aerial
171 No 7.4 African Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Vertivore Insessorial
418 No 25.1 African Hoopoe Upupa africana Upupiformes Upupidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
228 No 3.3 African Jacana Actophilornis africanus Charadriiformes Jacanidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
167 No 12.8 African Marsh Harrier Circus ranivorus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor VU Assessable LC NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Vertivore Aerial
312 No 13.8 African Olive Pigeon Columba arquatrix Columbiformes Columbidae frugivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Herbivore Frugivore Insessorial
231 No 45.9 African Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini Charadriiformes Haematopodidae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Seabird No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Resident Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
387 No 4.6 African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus Apodiformes Apodidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 1 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
682 No 15.0 African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis Passeriformes Monarchidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
692 No 29.2 African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Passeriformes Motacillidae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
197 No 4.8 African Rail Rallus caerulescens Gruiformes Rallidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
544 No 32.7 African Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans Passeriformes Pycnonotidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Frugivore Insessorial
697 No 20.7 African Rock Pipit Anthus crenatus Passeriformes Motacillidae insectivore LC Assessable LC Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
81 No 57.4 African Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
250 No 4.7 African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
85 No 22.8 African Spoonbill Platalea alba Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
576 No 30.4 African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
208 No 19.6 African Swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis Gruiformes Rallidae herbivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 2 Herbivore Herbivore aquatic Terrestrial
362 No 4.1 African Wood Owl Strix woodfordii Strigiformes Strigidae Raptor LC Assessable NA NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
4123 No 28.4 Agulhas Long-billed Lark Certhilauda brevirostris Passeriformes Alaudidae insectivore NT Assessable NT Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
386 No 14.9 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba Apodiformes Apodidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 1 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
772 No 25.1 Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina Passeriformes Nectariniidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
119 No 2.9 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis Falconiformes Falconidae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Palearctic migrant Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
575 No 23.7 Ant-eating Chat Myrmecocichla formicivora Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Generalist
510 No 5.1 Banded Martin Neophedina cincta Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
49 No 8.8 Bank Cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus Ciconiiformes Phalacrocoracidae piscivore EN Assessable EN Significant Decline Seabird Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Resident Marine 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
266 No 7.7 Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader LC Assessable NT Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
622 No 44.1 Bar-throated Apalis Apalis thoracica Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
493 No 31.1 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Palearctic migrant Human Modified 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
203 No 12.6 Black Crake Zaporina flavirostra Gruiformes Rallidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
344 No 7.0 Black Cuckoo Cuculus clamosus Cuculiformes Cuculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
513 No 5.4 Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava Passeriformes Campephagidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
169 No 7.8 Black Harrier Circus maurus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor EN Assessable EN NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Vertivore Aerial
511 No 19.9 Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne pristoptera Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA NA Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
159 No 10.1 Black Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Vertivore Generalist
79 No 2.1 Black Stork Ciconia nigra Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae piscivore EN Assessable LC NS Increase Terrestrial No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Woodland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
712 No 26.3 Black-backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla Passeriformes Malaconotidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
740 No 18.2 Black-bellied Starling Notopholia corrusca Passeriformes Sturnidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Herbivore Frugivore Insessorial
650 No 4.4 Black-chested Prinia Prinia flavicans Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
431 No 7.4 Black-collared Barbet Lybius torquatus Piciformes Lybiidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Omnivore Frugivore Insessorial
69 No 13.0 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Ciconiiformes Ardeidae carnivore-insectivore NT�� Assessable NA NS Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
486 No 8.5 Black-eared Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix australis Passeriformes Alaudidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
861 No 12.5 Black-headed Canary Serinus alario Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Granivore Generalist
55 No 42.0 Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala Ciconiiformes Ardeidae carnivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
521 No 46.4 Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus Passeriformes Oriolidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
5 No 10.2 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Ciconiiformes Podicipedidae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
860 No 26.7 Black-throated Canary Crithagra atrogularis Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 3 Herbivore Granivore Generalist
130 No 28.3 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor NT Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Vertivore Aerial
243 No 9.2 Black-winged Lapwing Vanellus melanopterus Charadriiformes Charadriidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No Yes No Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
270 No 34.3 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Charadriiformes Recurvirostridae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
245 No 57.0 Blacksmith Lapwing Vanellus armatus Charadriiformes Charadriidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
216 No 28.5 Blue Crane Grus paradisea Gruiformes Gruidae herbivore VU Assessable VU Significant Increase Terrestrial No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
99 No 8.6 Blue-billed Teal Anas hottentota Anseriformes Anatidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Herbivore Omnivore Generalist
680 Yes 11.6 Blue-mantled Crested Flycatcher Trochocercus cyanomelas Passeriformes Monarchidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
722 No 54.4 Bokmakierie Telophorus zeylonus Passeriformes Malaconotidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
139 No 8.3 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Vertivore Generalist
863 No 20.9 Brimstone Canary Crithagra sulphurata Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Granivore Insessorial
823 No 14.7 Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata Passeriformes Estrildidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
443 No 2.4 Brown-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus regulus Piciformes Indicatoridae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
402 No 23.3 Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris Coraciiformes Alcedinidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
509 No 30.5 Brown-throated Martin Riparia paludicola Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
206 No 2.9 Buff-spotted Flufftail Sarothrura elegans Gruiformes Sarothruridae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No Yes No Yes No No No No Resident Wetland 1 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
695 No 2.0 Buffy Pipit Anthus vaalensis Passeriformes Motacillidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Stable Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
4131 No 13.3 Burchell's Coucal Centropus burchellii Cuculiformes Cuculidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Wetland 1 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
276 No 5.1 Burchell's Courser Cursorius rufus Passeriformes Glareolidae insectivore VU Assessable LC NS Increase Terrestrial No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
672 No 25.4 Cape Batis Batis capensis Passeriformes Platysteiridae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
543 Yes 70.0 Cape Bulbul Pycnonotus capensis Passeriformes Pycnonotidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
873 No 31.7 Cape Bunting Emberiza capensis Passeriformes Emberizidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
857 No 42.9 Cape Canary Serinus canicollis Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Granivore Generalist
4140 No 11.3 Cape Clapper Lark Mirafra apiata Passeriformes Alaudidae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 1 Omnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
48 No 40.4 Cape Cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis Ciconiiformes Phalacrocoracidae piscivore EN Assessable EN NS Increase Seabird Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Resident Marine 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
523 No 34.3 Cape Crow Corvus capensis Passeriformes Corvidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
367 No 2.3 Cape Eagle-Owl Bubo capensis Strigiformes Strigidae Raptor LC Assessable NA NS Decline Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Vertivore Insessorial
44 No 14.8 Cape Gannet Morus capensis Ciconiiformes Sulidae piscivore VU Assessable EN NS Decline Seabird Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Resident Marine 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
618 No 24.8 Cape Grassbird Sphenoeacus afer Passeriformes Macrosphenidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
4125 No 6.8 Cape Long-billed Lark Certhilauda curvirostris Passeriformes Alaudidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
703 No 17.2 Cape Longclaw Macronyx capensis Passeriformes Motacillidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Omnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
531 No 8.9 Cape Penduline Tit Anthoscopus minutus Passeriformes Paridae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Omnivore Invertivore Insessorial
581 No 71.1 Cape Robin-Chat Cossypha caffra Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Generalist
559 No 13.2 Cape Rock Thrush Monticola rupestris Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Generalist
540 Yes 12.8 Cape Rockjumper Chaetops frenatus Passeriformes Chaetopidae insectivore NT Assessable NT Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
94 No 32.4 Cape Shoveler Anas smithii Anseriformes Anatidae omnivore NT�� Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
855 Yes 12.2 Cape Siskin Crithagra totta Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
786 No 65.1 Cape Sparrow Passer melanurus Passeriformes Passeridae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
181 No 53.2 Cape Spurfowl Pternistis capensis Galliformes Phasianidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
749 Yes 27.5 Cape Sugarbird Promerops cafer Passeriformes Promeropidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Omnivore Nectarivore Insessorial
98 No 30.1 Cape Teal Anas capensis Anseriformes Anatidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Omnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
106 No 9.5 Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor VU Assessable VU Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Scavenger Scavenger Terrestrial
686 No 76.2 Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis Passeriformes Motacillidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
799 No 68.1 Cape Weaver Ploceus capensis Passeriformes Ploceidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Generalist
1172 No 63.4 Cape White-eye Zosterops virens Passeriformes Zosteropidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
568 No 28.6 Capped Wheatear Oenanthe pileata Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
450 No 8.4 Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens Piciformes Picidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
290 No 22.1 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Charadriiformes Laridae piscivore VU Assessable LC NS Increase Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
663 No 24.3 Chat Flycatcher Melaenornis infuscatus Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
578 No 25.6 Chorister Robin-Chat Cossypha dichroa Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
872 No 4.1 Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza tahapisi Passeriformes Emberizidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
613 No 13.6 Cinnamon-breasted Warbler Euryptila subcinnamomea Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
631 No 7.9 Cloud Cisticola Cisticola textrix Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
771 No 11.6 Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris Passeriformes Nectariniidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Omnivore Invertivore Insessorial
196 No 2.2 Common Buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus Turniciformes Turnicidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
154 No 15.5 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Palearctic migrant Grassland 3 Carnivore Vertivore Insessorial
263 No 21.9 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
507 No 2.0 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Palearctic migrant Human Modified 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
210 No 37.6 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Gruiformes Rallidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
1 No 21.2 Common Ostrich Struthio camelus Struthioniformes Struthionidae herbivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
189 No 6.7 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix Galliformes Phasianidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Human Modified 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
233 No 15.6 Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula Charadriiformes Charadriidae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
258 No 8.0 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader LC Assessable NA NS Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
421 No 14.4 Common Scimitarbill Rhinopomastus cyanomelas Upupiformes Phoeniculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
733 No 67.5 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Passeriformes Sturnidae omnivore LC Introduced NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Human Modified 3 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
291 No 19.1 Common Tern Sterna hirundo Charadriiformes Laridae piscivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Marine 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
843 No 37.2 Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Passeriformes Estrildidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Herbivore Granivore Generalist
439 No 2.2 Crested Barbet Trachyphonus vaillantii Piciformes Lybiidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
51 No 18.1 Crowned Cormorant Microcarbo coronatus Ciconiiformes Phalacrocoracidae piscivore VU Assessable LC Significant Decline Seabird Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Resident Marine 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
427 No 3.8 Crowned Hornbill Lophoceros alboterminatus Bucerotiformes Bucerotidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
242 No 25.7 Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatus Charadriiformes Charadriidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No Yes No Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
251 No 13.5 Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader VU Assessable NT NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
300 No 13.1 Damara Tern Sternula balaenarum Charadriiformes Laridae NA EN Assessable EN NS Increase Seabird Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes NA Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
545 No 2.4 Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor Passeriformes Pycnonotidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Herbivore Frugivore Insessorial
219 No 15.4 Denham's Bustard Neotis denhami Otidiformes Otididae omnivore VU Assessable NT NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
630 No 16.7 Desert Cisticola Cisticola aridulus Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
352 No 7.8 Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius Cuculiformes Cuculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
278 No 10.5 Double-banded Courser Rhinoptilus africanus Charadriiformes Glareolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Resident Desert 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
1038 No 17.7 Drakensberg Rockjumper Chaetops aurantius Passeriformes Chaetopidae insectivore LC Assessable NT NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
764 No 12.8 Dusky Sunbird Cinnyris fuscus Passeriformes Nectariniidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Desert 3 Omnivore Nectarivore Insessorial
1183 No 21.7 Eastern Clapper Lark Mirafra fasciolata Passeriformes Alaudidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 1 Omnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
89 No 71.6 Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca Anseriformes Anatidae herbivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Herbivore Omnivore Generalist
870 No 22.4 Eurasian Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Introduced NA NA Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Omnivore Invertivore Generalist
267 No 6.5 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader NA Assessable NT NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Grassland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
268 No 26.1 Eurasian Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Charadriiformes Scolopacidae wader LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Grassland 3 Carnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
404 No 11.3 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster Coraciiformes Meropidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Palearctic migrant Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
678 No 19.3 Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita Passeriformes Stenostiridae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
570 No 30.5 Familiar Chat Oenanthe familiaris Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
373 No 9.0 Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis Strigiformes Caprimulgidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Generalist
155 Yes 16.2 Forest Buzzard Buteo trizonatus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor NT Assessable NT NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Vertivore Insessorial
858 No 19.4 Forest Canary Crithagra scotops Passeriformes Fringillidae granivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Herbivore Omnivore Insessorial
517 No 41.8 Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Passeriformes Dicruridae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
374 No 12.7 Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma Strigiformes Caprimulgidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
101 No 4.9 Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor Anseriformes Anatidae herbivore NT�� Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
162 No 8.8 Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA NS Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Vertivore Insessorial
395 No 11.0 Giant Kingfisher Megaceryle maxima Coraciiformes Alcedinidae piscivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Insessorial
83 No 17.2 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
874 No 4.8 Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris Passeriformes Emberizidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
56 No 4.1 Goliath Heron Ardea goliath Ciconiiformes Ardeidae piscivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
4 No 15.6 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Ciconiiformes Podicipedidae piscivore VU Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
58 No 2.1 Great Egret Ardea alba Ciconiiformes Ardeidae piscivore NT�� Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
42 No 24.8 Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Ciconiiformes Pelecanidae piscivore VU� Assessable LC Significant Decline Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aquatic
298 No 40.4 Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii Charadriiformes Laridae piscivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Resident Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
758 No 46.6 Greater Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris afer Passeriformes Nectariniidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
86 No 29.7 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Ciconiiformes Phoenicopteridae other NT Assessable LC Significant Increase Terrestrial No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
440 No 3.9 Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator Piciformes Indicatoridae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
122 No 5.8 Greater Kestrel Falco rupicoloides Falconiformes Falconidae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
502 No 38.2 Greater Striped Swallow Cecropis cucullata Passeriformes Hirundinidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Stable Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Grassland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
419 No 18.7 Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus Upupiformes Phoeniculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
627 No 21.4 Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
516 No 10.2 Grey Cuckooshrike Coracina caesia Passeriformes Campephagidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
54 No 41.1 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ciconiiformes Ardeidae piscivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
241 No 17.7 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Charadriiformes Charadriidae wader NT Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Palearctic migrant Grassland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
765 No 16.8 Grey Sunbird Cyanomitra veroxii Passeriformes Nectariniidae nectarivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Omnivore Omnivore Insessorial
525 No 16.7 Grey Tit Melaniparus afer Passeriformes Paridae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
638 No 33.0 Grey-backed Cisticola Cisticola subruficapilla Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
485 No 15.8 Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix verticalis Passeriformes Alaudidae granivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
288 No 21.1 Grey-headed Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Charadriiformes Laridae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Aerial
176 No 9.3 Grey-winged Francolin Scleroptila afra Galliformes Phasianidae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Herbivore Herbivore terrestrial Terrestrial
445 No 6.9 Ground Woodpecker Geocolaptes olivaceus Piciformes Picidae insectivore NT Assessable NT NS Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Rock 3 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
84 No 71.4 Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Resident Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
396 No 5.5 Half-collared Kingfisher Alcedo semitorquata Coraciiformes Alcedinidae piscivore VU Assessable LC NS Decline Waterbird No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Insessorial
72 No 7.7 Hamerkop Scopus umbretta Ciconiiformes Scopidae carnivore-insectivore NT Assessable NA NS Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
289 No 50.4 Hartlaub's Gull Chroicocephalus hartlaubii Charadriiformes Laridae omnivore VU Assessable NA NS Decline Seabird Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Resident Coastal 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Generalist
192 No 60.0 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris Galliformes Numididae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 2 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
384 No 2.4 Horus Swift Apus horus Apodiformes Apodidae aerial insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Shrubland 1 Carnivore Invertivore Aerial
989 No 8.3 House Crow Corvus splendens Passeriformes Corvidae omnivore LC Introduced NA NA Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Human Modified 3 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
784 No 44.8 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeriformes Passeridae omnivore LC Introduced NA NS Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Human Modified 3 Herbivore Granivore Terrestrial
1021 No 4.5 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Galliformes Phasianidae omnivore LC Introduced NA NA Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
152 No 38.6 Jackal Buzzard Buteo rufofuscus Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Grassland 3 Carnivore Vertivore Generalist
348 No 2.7 Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus Cuculiformes Cuculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Intra-Africa Grassland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
566 No 33.8 Karoo Chat Emarginata schlegelii Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Omnivore Invertivore Generalist
626 No 13.9 Karoo Eremomela Eremomela gregalis Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
220 No 31.3 Karoo Korhaan Eupodotis vigorsii Gruiformes Otididae omnivore NT Assessable LC Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Herbivore Omnivore Terrestrial
461 Yes 18.0 Karoo Lark Calendulauda albescens Passeriformes Alaudidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Desert 2 Omnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
4127 No 38.6 Karoo Long-billed Lark Certhilauda subcoronata Passeriformes Alaudidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 3 Omnivore Omnivore Terrestrial
4139 No 74.8 Karoo Prinia Prinia maculosa Passeriformes Cisticolidae insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
583 No 43.8 Karoo Scrub Robin Cercotrichas coryphoeus Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Terrestrial
1104 No 17.5 Karoo Thrush Turdus smithi Passeriformes Turdidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Omnivore Omnivore Generalist
287 No 65.2 Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus Charadriiformes Laridae omnivore LC Assessable NA Significant Decline Waterbird Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Resident Marine 3 Carnivore Omnivore Generalist
351 No 13.2 Klaas's Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas Cuculiformes Cuculidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Shrubland 2 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
4133 No 50.8 Knysna Turaco Tauraco corythaix Musophagiformes Musophagidae frugivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 1 Herbivore Frugivore Insessorial
611 Yes 11.6 Knysna Warbler Bradypterus sylvaticus Passeriformes Locustellidae insectivore NT Assessable VU NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Forest 2 Carnivore Invertivore Generalist
606 No 7.9 [x] African Reed Warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus Passeriformes Sylviidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Palearctic migrant Wetland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
60 No 6.4 [x] Intermediate Egret [x] Ardea intermedia Ciconiiformes Ardeidae carnivore-insectivore LC Assessable NA NS Decline Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
149 No 20.0 African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer Falconiformes Accipitridae Raptor LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Raptor No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 2 Carnivore Aquatic predator Insessorial
236 No 11.5 Chestnut-banded Plover Charadrius pallidus Charadriiformes Charadriidae wader VU Assessable LC NS Decline Terrestrial No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial
658 No 27.4 Chestnut-vented Warbler Curruca subcoerulea Passeriformes Sylviidae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident NA NA NA NA NA
10006 NA 2.8 Domestic Duck Anas platyrhynchos domesticus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
10004 NA 3.3 Domestic Goose Anser anser domesticus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
665 No 51.3 Fiscal Flycatcher Melaenornis silens Passeriformes Muscicapidae insectivore LC Assessable NA Significant Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident Woodland 3 Carnivore Invertivore Insessorial
10015 NA 2.3 Hybrid Mallard Anas hybrid NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
237 No 20.6 Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius pecuarius Charadriiformes Charadriidae wader NT Assessable NA Significant Increase Waterbird No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Resident Wetland 3 Carnivore Aquatic predator Terrestrial

Summary of species information dataset containing 207 unique records to be used for analysis. The table lists key species attributes and identifiers. Data are displayed in a scrollable format for readability.

Some Missing Information

Bird species with missing habitat information.
spp_number endemic rep_rate species_english_name species_scientific_name order family diet regional_category_2025 rl_assessment_status global_category_2024 sabap2_trend simple_realm seabird waterbird landbird terrestrial inland_aquatic marine estuarine coastal migrant_status habitat habitat_density trophic_level trophic_niche primary_lifestyle
658 No 27.4 Chestnut-vented Warbler Curruca subcoerulea Passeriformes Sylviidae omnivore LC Assessable NA NS Increase Terrestrial No No Yes Yes No No No No Resident NA NA NA NA NA
10006 NA 2.8 Domestic Duck Anas platyrhynchos domesticus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
10004 NA 3.3 Domestic Goose Anser anser domesticus NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
10015 NA 2.3 Hybrid Mallard Anas hybrid NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Bird species (n = 4) for which trait and ecological information could not be retrieved from the reference trait database. These species were retained in the species list but will be excluded from trait-based analyses. KINDLY ADVISE

Distinct bird species per Order

Number of distinct bird species per family (n = 73).
Family Number of Species
Accipitridae 13
Muscicapidae 12
Cisticolidae 9
Alaudidae 8
Scolopacidae 7
Fringillidae 7
Charadriidae 7
Laridae 7
Anatidae 6
Cuculidae 6
Hirundinidae 6
Ardeidae 6
Motacillidae 5
Nectariniidae 5
Apodidae 4
Rallidae 4
Threskiornithidae 4
Phasianidae 4
Lybiidae 3
Estrildidae 3
Pycnonotidae 3
Phalacrocoracidae 3
Alcedinidae 3
Emberizidae 3
NA 3
Monarchidae 2
Strigidae 2
Falconidae 2
Campephagidae 2
Malaconotidae 2
Sturnidae 2
Podicipedidae 2
Indicatoridae 2
Glareolidae 2
Corvidae 2
Paridae 2
Chaetopidae 2
Passeridae 2
Picidae 2
Phoeniculidae 2
Otididae 2
Caprimulgidae 2
Sylviidae 2
Anhingidae 1
Heliornithidae 1
Upupidae 1
Jacanidae 1
Columbidae 1
Haematopodidae 1
Ciconiidae 1
Oriolidae 1
Recurvirostridae 1
Gruidae 1
Sarothruridae 1
Platysteiridae 1
Sulidae 1
Macrosphenidae 1
Promeropidae 1
Ploceidae 1
Zosteropidae 1
Turnicidae 1
Struthionidae 1
Bucerotidae 1
Meropidae 1
Stenostiridae 1
Dicruridae 1
Pelecanidae 1
Phoenicopteridae 1
Scopidae 1
Numididae 1
Turdidae 1
Musophagidae 1
Locustellidae 1

Table showing number of distinct bird species per family (n = 73) derived from the species_info dataset. Families are listed in descending order of species richness.

Functional Pathways

Alluvial diagram showing how bird species (n = 207) are distributed across habitat, trophic niche, trophic level, and primary lifestyle categories. Flow widths represent the number of species sharing each trait combination, with colors denoting habitat types.

Frequency distribution of bird species across habitat categories

Proportion of species by trophic niche

Proportion of species by trophic level

Primary lifestyle categories of species