Appendix A: R Code for Statistical Analysis
Pamela Williamson-Wyllie
October 27, 2025
Capstone 2025 – Statistical Appendix
This appendix contains the R code, descriptive statistics, and regression models used in the MPA Capstone analysis. All models test how teacher experience, SPED enrollment, district funding, and teacher certification predict STAAR and SAT performance.
{r} #install.packages(c(“tidyverse”, “pastecs”, “psych”, “broom”,
“stargazer”))
library(tidyverse) library(pastecs) library(psych) library(broom)
library(stargazer)
df <- read.csv("district.csv")
# Load TEA district dataset (district.csvlibrary(tidyverse)
library(pastecs)
library(psych)
library(broom)
library(stargazer)
head(df) ## DISTNAME DISTRICT DZCNTYNM REGION DZRATING DZCAMPUS DPETALLC
## 1 CAYUGA ISD 1902 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 574
## 2 ELKHART ISD 1903 001 ANDERSON 7 A 4 1150
## 3 FRANKSTON ISD 1904 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 808
## 4 NECHES ISD 1906 001 ANDERSON 7 A 2 342
## 5 PALESTINE ISD 1907 001 ANDERSON 7 B 6 3360
## 6 WESTWOOD ISD 1908 001 ANDERSON 7 B 4 1332
## DPETBLAP DPETHISP DPETWHIP DPETINDP DPETASIP DPETPCIP DPETTWOP DPETECOP
## 1 4.4 11.5 79.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.5 40.8
## 2 4.0 11.8 80.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.4 45.4
## 3 8.5 11.3 75.2 0.4 1.0 0.0 3.6 54.2
## 4 8.2 13.5 75.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 2.6 54.1
## 5 25.1 42.9 27.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.7 81.6
## 6 19.7 26.2 48.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 4.9 74.0
## DPETLEPP DPETSPEP DPETBILP DPETVOCP DPETGIFP DA0AT21R DA0912DR21R DAGC4X21R
## 1 1.0 14.6 1.0 30.5 6.1 96.7 0.0 100.0
## 2 2.8 12.1 2.7 31.8 4.6 96.0 0.3 100.0
## 3 4.1 13.1 4.1 43.9 7.3 95.4 0.4 95.2
## 4 2.0 10.5 2.0 29.5 5.6 95.8 0.0 95.8
## 5 17.7 13.5 16.1 30.6 2.3 93.7 0.0 99.0
## 6 7.1 14.5 6.8 38.7 3.2 94.5 0.0 97.8
## DAGC5X20R DAGC6X19R DA0GR21N DA0GS21N DDA00A001S22R DDA00A001222R
## 1 100.0 96.0 36 34 84 62
## 2 98.9 98.8 91 79 85 59
## 3 100.0 33.3 41 40 83 57
## 4 97.0 100.0 23 17 90 64
## 5 99.6 98.6 201 198 74 46
## 6 97.0 97.4 95 77 69 40
## DDA00A001322R DDA00AR01S22R DDA00AR01222R DDA00AR01322R DDA00AM01S22R
## 1 33 81 67 39 88
## 2 30 85 64 34 84
## 3 25 84 63 24 85
## 4 27 87 67 30 94
## 5 20 72 48 20 75
## 6 16 70 45 19 66
## DDA00AM01222R DDA00AM01322R DDA00AC01S22R DDA00AC01222R DDA00AC01322R
## 1 65 34 85 54 22
## 2 49 23 86 63 29
## 3 57 26 81 49 21
## 4 69 27 90 54 23
## 5 44 20 78 48 22
## 6 34 14 73 41 15
## DDA00AS01S22R DDA00AS01222R DDA00AS01322R DDB00A001S22R DDB00A001222R
## 1 78 47 21 60 17
## 2 90 63 42 46 22
## 3 74 48 26 74 38
## 4 83 51 26 88 48
## 5 72 42 20 64 33
## 6 68 38 15 56 26
## DDB00A001322R DDH00A001S22R DDH00A001222R DDH00A001322R DDW00A001S22R
## 1 3 74 53 24 87
## 2 8 85 56 25 88
## 3 6 75 46 19 85
## 4 19 91 69 26 89
## 5 11 73 44 19 83
## 6 11 69 36 12 75
## DDW00A001222R DDW00A001322R DDI00A001S22R DDI00A001222R DDI00A001322R
## 1 66 35 NA NA NA
## 2 61 32 100 100 100
## 3 62 28 80 20 20
## 4 66 29 -1 -1 -1
## 5 60 29 75 50 17
## 6 48 21 NA NA NA
## DD300A001S22R DD300A001222R DD300A001322R DD400A001S22R DD400A001222R
## 1 33 33 17 NA NA
## 2 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 3 84 53 16 NA NA
## 4 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 5 85 77 44 -1 -1
## 6 100 100 88 -1 -1
## DD400A001322R DD200A001S22R DD200A001222R DD200A001322R DDE00A001S22R
## 1 NA 83 54 34 76
## 2 NA 77 46 23 77
## 3 NA 75 58 28 77
## 4 NA -1 -1 -1 86
## 5 -1 74 44 18 70
## 6 -1 62 38 13 65
## DDE00A001222R DDE00A001322R DA0CT21R DA0CC21R DA0CSA21R DA0CAA21R DPSATOFC
## 1 50 23 58.3 19.0 980 NA 99.9
## 2 42 19 51.6 27.7 979 -1.0 186.6
## 3 49 17 92.7 36.8 980 -1.0 146.7
## 4 53 17 87.0 15.0 1007 18.8 60.1
## 5 40 16 43.3 49.4 1048 21.0 553.4
## 6 34 14 40.0 28.9 990 -1.0 265.1
## DPSTTOFC DPSCTOFP DPSSTOFP DPSUTOFP DPSTTOFP DPSETOFP DPSXTOFP DPSCTOSA
## 1 46.7 1.5 5.0 5.4 46.8 14.8 26.5 93333
## 2 104.9 1.1 2.1 4.9 56.2 16.2 19.5 100313
## 3 74.5 1.4 3.5 2.0 50.8 15.0 27.4 98293
## 4 30.2 3.1 5.0 1.7 50.3 13.7 26.2 85537
## 5 260.3 2.1 3.4 8.3 47.0 19.7 19.5 99324
## 6 120.6 1.1 4.6 4.4 45.5 19.2 25.2 121228
## DPSSTOSA DPSUTOSA DPSTTOSA DPSAMIFP DPSAKIDR DPSTKIDR DPST05FP DPSTEXPA
## 1 73300 59550 55570 15.6 5.7 12.3 10.4 16.7
## 2 79305 60616 47916 13.4 6.2 11.0 23.8 13.5
## 3 71215 58022 50382 10.9 5.5 10.8 32.7 12.8
## 4 81593 77642 55346 16.3 5.7 11.3 9.7 14.8
## 5 80415 63829 48825 32.1 6.1 12.9 33.8 12.7
## 6 69527 63612 44741 29.9 5.0 11.0 44.8 10.3
## DPSTADFP DPSTURNR DPSTBLFP DPSTHIFP DPSTWHFP DPSTINFP DPSTASFP DPSTPIFP
## 1 14.8 19.1 8.3 0.0 91.7 0.0 0 0
## 2 19.0 13.9 2.9 6.7 90.5 0.0 0 0
## 3 30.7 21.6 4.0 1.3 93.3 0.0 0 0
## 4 9.6 18.3 6.5 0.0 93.5 0.0 0 0
## 5 15.4 17.9 9.6 13.8 74.6 0.0 0 0
## 6 17.4 30.6 11.6 6.6 80.9 0.8 0 0
## DPSTTWFP DPSTREFP DPSTSPFP DPSTCOFP DPSTBIFP DPSTVOFP DPSTGOFP DPFVTOTK
## 1 0.0 81.6 9.9 0.0 0.0 8.5 0.0 551481
## 2 0.0 71.5 8.4 4.9 0.7 13.0 1.5 250124
## 3 1.3 87.6 7.5 2.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 373882
## 4 0.0 70.0 5.5 12.0 0.0 10.8 1.7 339519
## 5 1.9 71.4 10.2 5.0 2.6 9.0 1.8 337763
## 6 0.0 71.4 6.4 6.1 0.0 10.8 5.3 381133
## DPFTADPR DPFRAALLT DPFRAALLK DPFRAOPRT DPFRASTAP DZRVLOCP DPFRAFEDP DPFRAORVT
## 1 1.055 10600571 19814 10525571 47.2 34.4 18.4 75000
## 2 1.244 16544197 13787 15623002 61.8 25.7 12.5 921195
## 3 1.341 10632871 13845 9815575 58.2 30.5 11.3 817296
## 4 1.370 5044735 14925 4573108 64.2 27.7 8.1 471627
## 5 1.405 59631485 17549 45806947 48.3 30.6 21.1 13824538
## 6 1.053 18304035 13538 18204035 51.5 32.5 15.9 100000
## DPFUNAB1T DPFUNA4T DPFEAALLT DPFEAOPFT DPFEAOPFK DPFEAINSP DZEXADMP DZEXADSP
## 1 3306025 0 9222524 8878441 16595 49.6 9.1 3.7
## 2 6071780 0 15181525 13694502 11412 60.3 6.9 4.8
## 3 3880100 0 10569512 9568092 12458 54.2 8.3 6.1
## 4 930315 0 5061803 4709122 13932 53.7 10.7 8.7
## 5 10006405 0 52684829 43017866 12660 54.6 8.3 6.2
## 6 8510495 0 17702691 17289992 12788 50.6 8.5 7.0
## DZEXPLAP DZEXOTHP DPFEAINST DPFEAINSK DPFPAREGP DPFPASPEP DPFPACOMP DPFPABILP
## 1 10.2 27.4 4405076 8234 32.9 28.9 5.9 0.1
## 2 10.5 17.4 8261144 6884 44.0 8.8 7.6 0.0
## 3 13.6 17.8 5184733 6751 42.5 8.4 6.1 0.0
## 4 10.3 16.6 2529704 7484 40.3 10.1 8.6 0.1
## 5 10.8 20.1 23492731 6914 43.2 6.1 7.1 1.0
## 6 10.5 23.3 8750034 6472 36.8 9.4 8.9 0.2
## DPFPAVOCP DPFPAGIFP DPFPAATHP DPFPAHSAP DPFPREKP DPFPAOTHP DISTSIZE
## 1 3.3 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 24.1 500 to 999
## 2 6.9 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 26.8 1,000 to 1,599
## 3 5.3 0.1 6.7 0.0 0.2 28.6 500 to 999
## 4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 34.1 Under 500
## 5 4.2 0.1 3.5 0.7 0.9 30.7 3,000 to 4,999
## 6 4.1 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.8 32.4 1,000 to 1,599
## COMMTYPE PROPWLTH TAXRATE
## 1 Rural $539,089 to < $573,876 Under $1.0809
## 2 Non-metropolitan Stable $234,712 to < $298,152 $1.2148 to under $1.3239
## 3 Rural $359,962 to < $411,857 $1.3239 and over
## 4 Rural $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 5 Independent Town $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 6 Non-metropolitan Stable $359,962 to < $411,857 Under $1.0809names(df) ## [1] "DISTNAME" "DISTRICT" "DZCNTYNM" "REGION"
## [5] "DZRATING" "DZCAMPUS" "DPETALLC" "DPETBLAP"
## [9] "DPETHISP" "DPETWHIP" "DPETINDP" "DPETASIP"
## [13] "DPETPCIP" "DPETTWOP" "DPETECOP" "DPETLEPP"
## [17] "DPETSPEP" "DPETBILP" "DPETVOCP" "DPETGIFP"
## [21] "DA0AT21R" "DA0912DR21R" "DAGC4X21R" "DAGC5X20R"
## [25] "DAGC6X19R" "DA0GR21N" "DA0GS21N" "DDA00A001S22R"
## [29] "DDA00A001222R" "DDA00A001322R" "DDA00AR01S22R" "DDA00AR01222R"
## [33] "DDA00AR01322R" "DDA00AM01S22R" "DDA00AM01222R" "DDA00AM01322R"
## [37] "DDA00AC01S22R" "DDA00AC01222R" "DDA00AC01322R" "DDA00AS01S22R"
## [41] "DDA00AS01222R" "DDA00AS01322R" "DDB00A001S22R" "DDB00A001222R"
## [45] "DDB00A001322R" "DDH00A001S22R" "DDH00A001222R" "DDH00A001322R"
## [49] "DDW00A001S22R" "DDW00A001222R" "DDW00A001322R" "DDI00A001S22R"
## [53] "DDI00A001222R" "DDI00A001322R" "DD300A001S22R" "DD300A001222R"
## [57] "DD300A001322R" "DD400A001S22R" "DD400A001222R" "DD400A001322R"
## [61] "DD200A001S22R" "DD200A001222R" "DD200A001322R" "DDE00A001S22R"
## [65] "DDE00A001222R" "DDE00A001322R" "DA0CT21R" "DA0CC21R"
## [69] "DA0CSA21R" "DA0CAA21R" "DPSATOFC" "DPSTTOFC"
## [73] "DPSCTOFP" "DPSSTOFP" "DPSUTOFP" "DPSTTOFP"
## [77] "DPSETOFP" "DPSXTOFP" "DPSCTOSA" "DPSSTOSA"
## [81] "DPSUTOSA" "DPSTTOSA" "DPSAMIFP" "DPSAKIDR"
## [85] "DPSTKIDR" "DPST05FP" "DPSTEXPA" "DPSTADFP"
## [89] "DPSTURNR" "DPSTBLFP" "DPSTHIFP" "DPSTWHFP"
## [93] "DPSTINFP" "DPSTASFP" "DPSTPIFP" "DPSTTWFP"
## [97] "DPSTREFP" "DPSTSPFP" "DPSTCOFP" "DPSTBIFP"
## [101] "DPSTVOFP" "DPSTGOFP" "DPFVTOTK" "DPFTADPR"
## [105] "DPFRAALLT" "DPFRAALLK" "DPFRAOPRT" "DPFRASTAP"
## [109] "DZRVLOCP" "DPFRAFEDP" "DPFRAORVT" "DPFUNAB1T"
## [113] "DPFUNA4T" "DPFEAALLT" "DPFEAOPFT" "DPFEAOPFK"
## [117] "DPFEAINSP" "DZEXADMP" "DZEXADSP" "DZEXPLAP"
## [121] "DZEXOTHP" "DPFEAINST" "DPFEAINSK" "DPFPAREGP"
## [125] "DPFPASPEP" "DPFPACOMP" "DPFPABILP" "DPFPAVOCP"
## [129] "DPFPAGIFP" "DPFPAATHP" "DPFPAHSAP" "DPFPREKP"
## [133] "DPFPAOTHP" "DISTSIZE" "COMMTYPE" "PROPWLTH"
## [137] "TAXRATE"summary(df) ## DISTNAME DISTRICT DZCNTYNM REGION
## Length:1207 Min. : 1902 Length:1207 Min. : 1.00
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 60402 Class :character 1st Qu.: 6.00
## Mode :character Median :110902 Mode :character Median :10.00
## Mean :122486 Mean :10.49
## 3rd Qu.:182904 3rd Qu.:15.00
## Max. :254902 Max. :20.00
##
## DZRATING DZCAMPUS DPETALLC DPETBLAP
## Length:1207 Min. : 1.000 Min. : 4.0 Min. : 0.000
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 2.000 1st Qu.: 337.5 1st Qu.: 0.700
## Mode :character Median : 3.000 Median : 884.0 Median : 2.900
## Mean : 7.428 Mean : 4476.3 Mean : 8.765
## 3rd Qu.: 5.000 3rd Qu.: 2746.0 3rd Qu.:10.750
## Max. :273.000 Max. :193727.0 Max. :98.100
##
## DPETHISP DPETWHIP DPETINDP DPETASIP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 21.00 1st Qu.:18.55 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 37.90 Median :44.40 Median : 0.2000 Median : 0.400
## Mean : 43.29 Mean :43.15 Mean : 0.3283 Mean : 1.614
## 3rd Qu.: 61.90 3rd Qu.:67.75 3rd Qu.: 0.4000 3rd Qu.: 1.000
## Max. :100.00 Max. :97.10 Max. :19.8000 Max. :54.300
##
## DPETPCIP DPETTWOP DPETECOP DPETLEPP
## Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 1.200 1st Qu.: 47.95 1st Qu.: 2.90
## Median : 0.0000 Median : 2.400 Median : 61.90 Median : 7.50
## Mean : 0.1005 Mean : 2.758 Mean : 60.75 Mean : 12.69
## 3rd Qu.: 0.1000 3rd Qu.: 3.900 3rd Qu.: 77.15 3rd Qu.: 17.00
## Max. :14.5000 Max. :15.000 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
##
## DPETSPEP DPETBILP DPETVOCP DPETGIFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 9.90 1st Qu.: 2.90 1st Qu.:23.00 1st Qu.: 3.100
## Median :12.10 Median : 7.30 Median :27.80 Median : 5.400
## Mean :12.27 Mean : 12.58 Mean :26.47 Mean : 5.574
## 3rd Qu.:14.20 3rd Qu.: 16.80 3rd Qu.:32.90 3rd Qu.: 7.500
## Max. :51.70 Max. :100.00 Max. :82.80 Max. :100.000
##
## DA0AT21R DA0912DR21R DAGC4X21R DAGC5X20R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.000 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 94.05 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 93.20 1st Qu.: 95.50
## Median : 95.40 Median : 0.400 Median : 96.90 Median : 98.30
## Mean : 94.76 Mean : 1.243 Mean : 93.91 Mean : 95.76
## 3rd Qu.: 96.40 3rd Qu.: 1.400 3rd Qu.:100.00 3rd Qu.:100.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :50.500 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :4 NA's :112 NA's :133 NA's :141
## DAGC6X19R DA0GR21N DA0GS21N DDA00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 4.00
## 1st Qu.: 95.20 1st Qu.: 29.0 1st Qu.: 26.0 1st Qu.: 68.00
## Median : 98.20 Median : 69.0 Median : 61.0 Median : 76.00
## Mean : 95.72 Mean : 331.6 Mean : 278.9 Mean : 74.77
## 3rd Qu.:100.00 3rd Qu.: 208.0 3rd Qu.: 167.0 3rd Qu.: 83.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :11588.0 Max. :9607.0 Max. :100.00
## NA's :149 NA's :126 NA's :126 NA's :5
## DDA00A001222R DDA00A001322R DDA00AR01S22R DDA00AR01222R
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.:37.00 1st Qu.:15.00 1st Qu.: 70.00 1st Qu.: 43.00
## Median :46.00 Median :20.00 Median : 77.00 Median : 52.00
## Mean :46.48 Mean :21.05 Mean : 76.22 Mean : 52.12
## 3rd Qu.:55.00 3rd Qu.:26.00 3rd Qu.: 84.00 3rd Qu.: 61.00
## Max. :88.00 Max. :64.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DDA00AR01322R DDA00AM01S22R DDA00AM01222R DDA00AM01322R
## Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.:17.00 1st Qu.: 66.00 1st Qu.:30.00 1st Qu.:11.00
## Median :22.00 Median : 74.00 Median :40.00 Median :17.00
## Mean :23.64 Mean : 72.78 Mean :40.51 Mean :18.21
## 3rd Qu.:29.00 3rd Qu.: 82.00 3rd Qu.:50.00 3rd Qu.:23.00
## Max. :66.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :91.00 Max. :65.00
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DDA00AC01S22R DDA00AC01222R DDA00AC01322R DDA00AS01S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 68.00 1st Qu.: 34.00 1st Qu.:10.00 1st Qu.: 66.00
## Median : 77.00 Median : 44.00 Median :16.00 Median : 75.00
## Mean : 75.04 Mean : 44.29 Mean :17.39 Mean : 73.09
## 3rd Qu.: 85.00 3rd Qu.: 55.00 3rd Qu.:23.00 3rd Qu.: 83.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :56.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :11 NA's :11 NA's :11 NA's :43
## DDA00AS01222R DDA00AS01322R DDB00A001S22R DDB00A001222R
## Min. : -1.0 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.0
## 1st Qu.: 37.0 1st Qu.:17.00 1st Qu.: 50.00 1st Qu.: 21.0
## Median : 46.0 Median :24.00 Median : 63.00 Median : 31.0
## Mean : 45.7 Mean :25.29 Mean : 57.65 Mean : 31.5
## 3rd Qu.: 55.0 3rd Qu.:32.00 3rd Qu.: 74.50 3rd Qu.: 43.0
## Max. :100.0 Max. :77.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.0
## NA's :43 NA's :43 NA's :192 NA's :192
## DDB00A001322R DDH00A001S22R DDH00A001222R DDH00A001322R
## Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.0 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 5.00 1st Qu.: 66.0 1st Qu.: 34.00 1st Qu.:12.00
## Median :11.00 Median : 73.0 Median : 41.00 Median :16.00
## Mean :12.45 Mean : 71.7 Mean : 41.63 Mean :16.86
## 3rd Qu.:17.00 3rd Qu.: 80.0 3rd Qu.: 49.00 3rd Qu.:21.00
## Max. :90.00 Max. :100.0 Max. :100.00 Max. :59.00
## NA's :192 NA's :6 NA's :6 NA's :6
## DDW00A001S22R DDW00A001222R DDW00A001322R DDI00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.0
## 1st Qu.: 75.00 1st Qu.: 45.00 1st Qu.:19.00 1st Qu.: -1.0
## Median : 82.00 Median : 54.00 Median :26.00 Median : 66.0
## Mean : 78.69 Mean : 53.24 Mean :26.15 Mean : 50.8
## 3rd Qu.: 88.00 3rd Qu.: 63.00 3rd Qu.:33.00 3rd Qu.: 83.0
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :79.00 Max. :100.0
## NA's :26 NA's :26 NA's :26 NA's :472
## DDI00A001222R DDI00A001322R DD300A001S22R DD300A001222R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.0 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: 50.0 1st Qu.: 17.00
## Median : 35.00 Median : 11.00 Median : 89.0 Median : 67.00
## Mean : 32.08 Mean : 14.35 Mean : 67.8 Mean : 53.76
## 3rd Qu.: 54.00 3rd Qu.: 23.00 3rd Qu.: 96.0 3rd Qu.: 80.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.0 Max. :100.00
## NA's :472 NA's :472 NA's :423 NA's :423
## DD300A001322R DD400A001S22R DD400A001222R DD400A001322R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.:-1.00
## Median : 37.00 Median : 60.00 Median : 22.50 Median : 0.00
## Mean : 33.08 Mean : 44.08 Mean : 29.23 Mean :14.05
## 3rd Qu.: 52.00 3rd Qu.: 83.00 3rd Qu.: 56.75 3rd Qu.:25.75
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :83.00
## NA's :423 NA's :797 NA's :797 NA's :797
## DD200A001S22R DD200A001222R DD200A001322R DDE00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 64.00 1st Qu.: 33.00 1st Qu.: 10.00 1st Qu.: 63.00
## Median : 76.00 Median : 47.00 Median : 20.00 Median : 70.00
## Mean : 68.18 Mean : 43.98 Mean : 21.06 Mean : 69.68
## 3rd Qu.: 86.00 3rd Qu.: 60.00 3rd Qu.: 30.00 3rd Qu.: 77.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :133 NA's :133 NA's :133 NA's :10
## DDE00A001222R DDE00A001322R DA0CT21R DA0CC21R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.0 Min. : -2.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 32.00 1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 40.42 1st Qu.:12.90
## Median : 39.00 Median :15.0 Median : 63.05 Median :23.55
## Mean : 39.23 Mean :15.9 Mean : 60.76 Mean :26.10
## 3rd Qu.: 46.00 3rd Qu.:19.0 3rd Qu.: 85.38 3rd Qu.:37.08
## Max. :100.00 Max. :80.0 Max. :100.00 Max. :97.70
## NA's :10 NA's :10 NA's :125 NA's :147
## DA0CSA21R DA0CAA21R DPSATOFC DPSTTOFC
## Min. : -1.0 Min. :-1.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 887.0 1st Qu.:16.30 1st Qu.: 58.9 1st Qu.: 30.57
## Median : 973.0 Median :19.00 Median : 144.1 Median : 72.00
## Mean : 823.9 Mean :16.13 Mean : 622.5 Mean : 307.06
## 3rd Qu.:1039.0 3rd Qu.:21.20 3rd Qu.: 405.2 3rd Qu.: 196.50
## Max. :1344.0 Max. :31.40 Max. :23716.2 Max. :10619.50
## NA's :262 NA's :236 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSCTOFP DPSSTOFP DPSUTOFP DPSTTOFP
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 1.200 1st Qu.: 2.60 1st Qu.: 4.100 1st Qu.:46.60
## Median : 1.800 Median : 3.10 Median : 6.600 Median :50.80
## Mean : 2.178 Mean : 3.58 Mean : 7.169 Mean :50.98
## 3rd Qu.: 2.600 3rd Qu.: 3.90 3rd Qu.: 9.800 3rd Qu.:54.80
## Max. :14.900 Max. :100.00 Max. :49.700 Max. :88.30
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSETOFP DPSXTOFP DPSCTOSA DPSSTOSA
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -2 Min. : -2
## 1st Qu.: 9.70 1st Qu.:19.38 1st Qu.: 95459 1st Qu.: 73469
## Median :12.60 Median :23.65 Median :106674 Median : 78723
## Mean :12.95 Mean :23.14 Mean :108039 Mean : 79435
## 3rd Qu.:16.20 3rd Qu.:27.50 3rd Qu.:119540 3rd Qu.: 84945
## Max. :48.80 Max. :55.40 Max. :270000 Max. :192500
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :10 NA's :11
## DPSUTOSA DPSTTOSA DPSAMIFP DPSAKIDR
## Min. : -2 Min. : 36081 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.100
## 1st Qu.: 57969 1st Qu.: 50439 1st Qu.: 13.30 1st Qu.: 5.400
## Median : 63015 Median : 53382 Median : 26.60 Median : 6.300
## Mean : 62424 Mean : 53971 Mean : 35.24 Mean : 6.734
## 3rd Qu.: 67941 3rd Qu.: 56919 3rd Qu.: 50.62 3rd Qu.: 7.300
## Max. :228972 Max. :110560 Max. :100.00 Max. :349.100
## NA's :54 NA's :4 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTKIDR DPST05FP DPSTEXPA DPSTADFP
## Min. :-2.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:10.80 1st Qu.: 24.35 1st Qu.:10.07 1st Qu.:14.88
## Median :12.70 Median : 32.40 Median :12.00 Median :20.90
## Mean :12.56 Mean : 34.88 Mean :11.75 Mean :20.86
## 3rd Qu.:14.40 3rd Qu.: 41.65 3rd Qu.:13.90 3rd Qu.:26.12
## Max. :37.30 Max. :100.00 Max. :22.90 Max. :78.70
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTURNR DPSTBLFP DPSTHIFP DPSTWHFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 14.80 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 4.20 1st Qu.: 58.67
## Median : 19.50 Median : 1.60 Median : 10.10 Median : 82.40
## Mean : 21.51 Mean : 6.99 Mean : 19.05 Mean : 71.57
## 3rd Qu.: 25.90 3rd Qu.: 6.20 3rd Qu.: 22.50 3rd Qu.: 92.60
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :7 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTINFP DPSTASFP DPSTPIFP DPSTTWFP
## Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.00000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.:0.00000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.0000 Median : 0.000 Median :0.00000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 0.3566 Mean : 1.118 Mean :0.08206 Mean : 0.7566
## 3rd Qu.: 0.3000 3rd Qu.: 0.900 3rd Qu.:0.00000 3rd Qu.: 1.2000
## Max. :16.7000 Max. :94.800 Max. :7.80000 Max. :11.7000
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTREFP DPSTSPFP DPSTCOFP DPSTBIFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 71.00 1st Qu.: 4.500 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 76.90 Median : 7.000 Median : 3.350 Median : 0.000
## Mean : 76.87 Mean : 7.145 Mean : 4.131 Mean : 2.311
## 3rd Qu.: 82.42 3rd Qu.: 9.600 3rd Qu.: 6.125 3rd Qu.: 2.100
## Max. :100.00 Max. :22.800 Max. :32.500 Max. :94.300
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTVOFP DPSTGOFP DPFVTOTK DPFTADPR
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 4.800 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 238299 1st Qu.:0.9892
## Median : 7.000 Median : 1.200 Median : 419144 Median :1.1670
## Mean : 7.154 Mean : 2.308 Mean : 665067 Mean :1.0212
## 3rd Qu.: 9.425 3rd Qu.: 3.700 3rd Qu.: 670248 3rd Qu.:1.3017
## Max. :71.900 Max. :30.800 Max. :26416597 Max. :1.7480
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFRAALLT DPFRAALLK DPFRAOPRT DPFRASTAP
## Min. :6.428e+05 Min. : 8923 Min. :6.428e+05 Min. : 1.70
## 1st Qu.:5.828e+06 1st Qu.: 12953 1st Qu.:5.524e+06 1st Qu.: 33.85
## Median :1.381e+07 Median : 14653 Median :1.241e+07 Median : 51.00
## Mean :5.995e+07 Mean : 16365 Mean :5.129e+07 Mean : 49.05
## 3rd Qu.:3.805e+07 3rd Qu.: 17081 3rd Qu.:3.241e+07 3rd Qu.: 64.80
## Max. :2.619e+09 Max. :214078 Max. :2.213e+09 Max. :103.40
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DZRVLOCP DPFRAFEDP DPFRAORVT DPFUNAB1T
## Min. :-6.20 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -655726 Min. : -746998
## 1st Qu.:21.10 1st Qu.: 8.70 1st Qu.: 98311 1st Qu.: 1226730
## Median :35.30 Median :12.30 Median : 1093332 Median : 3589384
## Mean :37.92 Mean :13.04 Mean : 8659622 Mean : 13498263
## 3rd Qu.:53.70 3rd Qu.:16.20 3rd Qu.: 4471240 3rd Qu.: 9357248
## Max. :97.60 Max. :49.00 Max. :405596099 Max. :662450197
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFUNA4T DPFEAALLT DPFEAOPFT DPFEAOPFK
## Min. : -7033092 Min. :6.229e+05 Min. :6.120e+05 Min. : 6755
## 1st Qu.: 0 1st Qu.:5.475e+06 1st Qu.:4.754e+06 1st Qu.: 10916
## Median : 0 Median :1.328e+07 Median :1.102e+07 Median : 12228
## Mean : 510514 Mean :6.597e+07 Mean :4.951e+07 Mean : 13121
## 3rd Qu.: 0 3rd Qu.:3.787e+07 3rd Qu.:3.038e+07 3rd Qu.: 14012
## Max. :126144201 Max. :2.656e+09 Max. :2.068e+09 Max. :178467
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFEAINSP DZEXADMP DZEXADSP DZEXPLAP
## Min. :18.50 Min. : 2.700 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.20
## 1st Qu.:52.00 1st Qu.: 7.125 1st Qu.: 4.900 1st Qu.:10.40
## Median :55.10 Median : 8.800 Median : 5.700 Median :11.80
## Mean :54.73 Mean : 9.606 Mean : 6.015 Mean :12.46
## 3rd Qu.:57.80 3rd Qu.:11.200 3rd Qu.: 6.400 3rd Qu.:13.50
## Max. :84.40 Max. :35.800 Max. :22.700 Max. :43.10
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DZEXOTHP DPFEAINST DPFEAINSK DPFPAREGP
## Min. : 0.30 Min. :2.439e+05 Min. : 3122 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:15.30 1st Qu.:2.563e+06 1st Qu.: 6056 1st Qu.:35.12
## Median :18.00 Median :6.013e+06 Median : 6702 Median :39.70
## Mean :17.15 Mean :2.835e+07 Mean : 7074 Mean :39.80
## 3rd Qu.:20.00 3rd Qu.:1.683e+07 3rd Qu.: 7577 3rd Qu.:43.90
## Max. :69.30 Max. :1.177e+09 Max. :54954 Max. :79.10
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPASPEP DPFPACOMP DPFPABILP DPFPAVOCP
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 5.800 1st Qu.: 6.500 1st Qu.: 0.1000 1st Qu.: 2.90
## Median : 8.900 Median : 9.200 Median : 0.4000 Median : 4.10
## Mean : 9.711 Mean : 9.883 Mean : 0.7496 Mean : 3.96
## 3rd Qu.:12.500 3rd Qu.:12.100 3rd Qu.: 1.0000 3rd Qu.: 5.20
## Max. :49.000 Max. :90.600 Max. :26.0000 Max. :19.80
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPAGIFP DPFPAATHP DPFPAHSAP DPFPREKP
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:1.600 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median :0.2000 Median :2.900 Median :0.0000 Median : 0.6000
## Mean :0.3823 Mean :2.809 Mean :0.1578 Mean : 0.8909
## 3rd Qu.:0.4000 3rd Qu.:4.000 3rd Qu.:0.1000 3rd Qu.: 1.3000
## Max. :6.9000 Max. :9.000 Max. :3.4000 Max. :31.7000
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPAOTHP DISTSIZE COMMTYPE PROPWLTH
## Min. : 3.50 Length:1207 Length:1207 Length:1207
## 1st Qu.:25.40 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median :28.70 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :29.22
## 3rd Qu.:32.40
## Max. :76.30
## NA's :5
## TAXRATE
## Length:1207
## Class :character
## Mode :character
##
##
##
## library(tidyverse)
library(pastecs)
library(psych)
library(broom)
library(stargazer)
head(df) ## DISTNAME DISTRICT DZCNTYNM REGION DZRATING DZCAMPUS DPETALLC
## 1 CAYUGA ISD 1902 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 574
## 2 ELKHART ISD 1903 001 ANDERSON 7 A 4 1150
## 3 FRANKSTON ISD 1904 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 808
## 4 NECHES ISD 1906 001 ANDERSON 7 A 2 342
## 5 PALESTINE ISD 1907 001 ANDERSON 7 B 6 3360
## 6 WESTWOOD ISD 1908 001 ANDERSON 7 B 4 1332
## DPETBLAP DPETHISP DPETWHIP DPETINDP DPETASIP DPETPCIP DPETTWOP DPETECOP
## 1 4.4 11.5 79.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.5 40.8
## 2 4.0 11.8 80.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.4 45.4
## 3 8.5 11.3 75.2 0.4 1.0 0.0 3.6 54.2
## 4 8.2 13.5 75.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 2.6 54.1
## 5 25.1 42.9 27.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.7 81.6
## 6 19.7 26.2 48.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 4.9 74.0
## DPETLEPP DPETSPEP DPETBILP DPETVOCP DPETGIFP DA0AT21R DA0912DR21R DAGC4X21R
## 1 1.0 14.6 1.0 30.5 6.1 96.7 0.0 100.0
## 2 2.8 12.1 2.7 31.8 4.6 96.0 0.3 100.0
## 3 4.1 13.1 4.1 43.9 7.3 95.4 0.4 95.2
## 4 2.0 10.5 2.0 29.5 5.6 95.8 0.0 95.8
## 5 17.7 13.5 16.1 30.6 2.3 93.7 0.0 99.0
## 6 7.1 14.5 6.8 38.7 3.2 94.5 0.0 97.8
## DAGC5X20R DAGC6X19R DA0GR21N DA0GS21N DDA00A001S22R DDA00A001222R
## 1 100.0 96.0 36 34 84 62
## 2 98.9 98.8 91 79 85 59
## 3 100.0 33.3 41 40 83 57
## 4 97.0 100.0 23 17 90 64
## 5 99.6 98.6 201 198 74 46
## 6 97.0 97.4 95 77 69 40
## DDA00A001322R DDA00AR01S22R DDA00AR01222R DDA00AR01322R DDA00AM01S22R
## 1 33 81 67 39 88
## 2 30 85 64 34 84
## 3 25 84 63 24 85
## 4 27 87 67 30 94
## 5 20 72 48 20 75
## 6 16 70 45 19 66
## DDA00AM01222R DDA00AM01322R DDA00AC01S22R DDA00AC01222R DDA00AC01322R
## 1 65 34 85 54 22
## 2 49 23 86 63 29
## 3 57 26 81 49 21
## 4 69 27 90 54 23
## 5 44 20 78 48 22
## 6 34 14 73 41 15
## DDA00AS01S22R DDA00AS01222R DDA00AS01322R DDB00A001S22R DDB00A001222R
## 1 78 47 21 60 17
## 2 90 63 42 46 22
## 3 74 48 26 74 38
## 4 83 51 26 88 48
## 5 72 42 20 64 33
## 6 68 38 15 56 26
## DDB00A001322R DDH00A001S22R DDH00A001222R DDH00A001322R DDW00A001S22R
## 1 3 74 53 24 87
## 2 8 85 56 25 88
## 3 6 75 46 19 85
## 4 19 91 69 26 89
## 5 11 73 44 19 83
## 6 11 69 36 12 75
## DDW00A001222R DDW00A001322R DDI00A001S22R DDI00A001222R DDI00A001322R
## 1 66 35 NA NA NA
## 2 61 32 100 100 100
## 3 62 28 80 20 20
## 4 66 29 -1 -1 -1
## 5 60 29 75 50 17
## 6 48 21 NA NA NA
## DD300A001S22R DD300A001222R DD300A001322R DD400A001S22R DD400A001222R
## 1 33 33 17 NA NA
## 2 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 3 84 53 16 NA NA
## 4 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 5 85 77 44 -1 -1
## 6 100 100 88 -1 -1
## DD400A001322R DD200A001S22R DD200A001222R DD200A001322R DDE00A001S22R
## 1 NA 83 54 34 76
## 2 NA 77 46 23 77
## 3 NA 75 58 28 77
## 4 NA -1 -1 -1 86
## 5 -1 74 44 18 70
## 6 -1 62 38 13 65
## DDE00A001222R DDE00A001322R DA0CT21R DA0CC21R DA0CSA21R DA0CAA21R DPSATOFC
## 1 50 23 58.3 19.0 980 NA 99.9
## 2 42 19 51.6 27.7 979 -1.0 186.6
## 3 49 17 92.7 36.8 980 -1.0 146.7
## 4 53 17 87.0 15.0 1007 18.8 60.1
## 5 40 16 43.3 49.4 1048 21.0 553.4
## 6 34 14 40.0 28.9 990 -1.0 265.1
## DPSTTOFC DPSCTOFP DPSSTOFP DPSUTOFP DPSTTOFP DPSETOFP DPSXTOFP DPSCTOSA
## 1 46.7 1.5 5.0 5.4 46.8 14.8 26.5 93333
## 2 104.9 1.1 2.1 4.9 56.2 16.2 19.5 100313
## 3 74.5 1.4 3.5 2.0 50.8 15.0 27.4 98293
## 4 30.2 3.1 5.0 1.7 50.3 13.7 26.2 85537
## 5 260.3 2.1 3.4 8.3 47.0 19.7 19.5 99324
## 6 120.6 1.1 4.6 4.4 45.5 19.2 25.2 121228
## DPSSTOSA DPSUTOSA DPSTTOSA DPSAMIFP DPSAKIDR DPSTKIDR DPST05FP DPSTEXPA
## 1 73300 59550 55570 15.6 5.7 12.3 10.4 16.7
## 2 79305 60616 47916 13.4 6.2 11.0 23.8 13.5
## 3 71215 58022 50382 10.9 5.5 10.8 32.7 12.8
## 4 81593 77642 55346 16.3 5.7 11.3 9.7 14.8
## 5 80415 63829 48825 32.1 6.1 12.9 33.8 12.7
## 6 69527 63612 44741 29.9 5.0 11.0 44.8 10.3
## DPSTADFP DPSTURNR DPSTBLFP DPSTHIFP DPSTWHFP DPSTINFP DPSTASFP DPSTPIFP
## 1 14.8 19.1 8.3 0.0 91.7 0.0 0 0
## 2 19.0 13.9 2.9 6.7 90.5 0.0 0 0
## 3 30.7 21.6 4.0 1.3 93.3 0.0 0 0
## 4 9.6 18.3 6.5 0.0 93.5 0.0 0 0
## 5 15.4 17.9 9.6 13.8 74.6 0.0 0 0
## 6 17.4 30.6 11.6 6.6 80.9 0.8 0 0
## DPSTTWFP DPSTREFP DPSTSPFP DPSTCOFP DPSTBIFP DPSTVOFP DPSTGOFP DPFVTOTK
## 1 0.0 81.6 9.9 0.0 0.0 8.5 0.0 551481
## 2 0.0 71.5 8.4 4.9 0.7 13.0 1.5 250124
## 3 1.3 87.6 7.5 2.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 373882
## 4 0.0 70.0 5.5 12.0 0.0 10.8 1.7 339519
## 5 1.9 71.4 10.2 5.0 2.6 9.0 1.8 337763
## 6 0.0 71.4 6.4 6.1 0.0 10.8 5.3 381133
## DPFTADPR DPFRAALLT DPFRAALLK DPFRAOPRT DPFRASTAP DZRVLOCP DPFRAFEDP DPFRAORVT
## 1 1.055 10600571 19814 10525571 47.2 34.4 18.4 75000
## 2 1.244 16544197 13787 15623002 61.8 25.7 12.5 921195
## 3 1.341 10632871 13845 9815575 58.2 30.5 11.3 817296
## 4 1.370 5044735 14925 4573108 64.2 27.7 8.1 471627
## 5 1.405 59631485 17549 45806947 48.3 30.6 21.1 13824538
## 6 1.053 18304035 13538 18204035 51.5 32.5 15.9 100000
## DPFUNAB1T DPFUNA4T DPFEAALLT DPFEAOPFT DPFEAOPFK DPFEAINSP DZEXADMP DZEXADSP
## 1 3306025 0 9222524 8878441 16595 49.6 9.1 3.7
## 2 6071780 0 15181525 13694502 11412 60.3 6.9 4.8
## 3 3880100 0 10569512 9568092 12458 54.2 8.3 6.1
## 4 930315 0 5061803 4709122 13932 53.7 10.7 8.7
## 5 10006405 0 52684829 43017866 12660 54.6 8.3 6.2
## 6 8510495 0 17702691 17289992 12788 50.6 8.5 7.0
## DZEXPLAP DZEXOTHP DPFEAINST DPFEAINSK DPFPAREGP DPFPASPEP DPFPACOMP DPFPABILP
## 1 10.2 27.4 4405076 8234 32.9 28.9 5.9 0.1
## 2 10.5 17.4 8261144 6884 44.0 8.8 7.6 0.0
## 3 13.6 17.8 5184733 6751 42.5 8.4 6.1 0.0
## 4 10.3 16.6 2529704 7484 40.3 10.1 8.6 0.1
## 5 10.8 20.1 23492731 6914 43.2 6.1 7.1 1.0
## 6 10.5 23.3 8750034 6472 36.8 9.4 8.9 0.2
## DPFPAVOCP DPFPAGIFP DPFPAATHP DPFPAHSAP DPFPREKP DPFPAOTHP DISTSIZE
## 1 3.3 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 24.1 500 to 999
## 2 6.9 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 26.8 1,000 to 1,599
## 3 5.3 0.1 6.7 0.0 0.2 28.6 500 to 999
## 4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 34.1 Under 500
## 5 4.2 0.1 3.5 0.7 0.9 30.7 3,000 to 4,999
## 6 4.1 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.8 32.4 1,000 to 1,599
## COMMTYPE PROPWLTH TAXRATE
## 1 Rural $539,089 to < $573,876 Under $1.0809
## 2 Non-metropolitan Stable $234,712 to < $298,152 $1.2148 to under $1.3239
## 3 Rural $359,962 to < $411,857 $1.3239 and over
## 4 Rural $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 5 Independent Town $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 6 Non-metropolitan Stable $359,962 to < $411,857 Under $1.0809names(df) ## [1] "DISTNAME" "DISTRICT" "DZCNTYNM" "REGION"
## [5] "DZRATING" "DZCAMPUS" "DPETALLC" "DPETBLAP"
## [9] "DPETHISP" "DPETWHIP" "DPETINDP" "DPETASIP"
## [13] "DPETPCIP" "DPETTWOP" "DPETECOP" "DPETLEPP"
## [17] "DPETSPEP" "DPETBILP" "DPETVOCP" "DPETGIFP"
## [21] "DA0AT21R" "DA0912DR21R" "DAGC4X21R" "DAGC5X20R"
## [25] "DAGC6X19R" "DA0GR21N" "DA0GS21N" "DDA00A001S22R"
## [29] "DDA00A001222R" "DDA00A001322R" "DDA00AR01S22R" "DDA00AR01222R"
## [33] "DDA00AR01322R" "DDA00AM01S22R" "DDA00AM01222R" "DDA00AM01322R"
## [37] "DDA00AC01S22R" "DDA00AC01222R" "DDA00AC01322R" "DDA00AS01S22R"
## [41] "DDA00AS01222R" "DDA00AS01322R" "DDB00A001S22R" "DDB00A001222R"
## [45] "DDB00A001322R" "DDH00A001S22R" "DDH00A001222R" "DDH00A001322R"
## [49] "DDW00A001S22R" "DDW00A001222R" "DDW00A001322R" "DDI00A001S22R"
## [53] "DDI00A001222R" "DDI00A001322R" "DD300A001S22R" "DD300A001222R"
## [57] "DD300A001322R" "DD400A001S22R" "DD400A001222R" "DD400A001322R"
## [61] "DD200A001S22R" "DD200A001222R" "DD200A001322R" "DDE00A001S22R"
## [65] "DDE00A001222R" "DDE00A001322R" "DA0CT21R" "DA0CC21R"
## [69] "DA0CSA21R" "DA0CAA21R" "DPSATOFC" "DPSTTOFC"
## [73] "DPSCTOFP" "DPSSTOFP" "DPSUTOFP" "DPSTTOFP"
## [77] "DPSETOFP" "DPSXTOFP" "DPSCTOSA" "DPSSTOSA"
## [81] "DPSUTOSA" "DPSTTOSA" "DPSAMIFP" "DPSAKIDR"
## [85] "DPSTKIDR" "DPST05FP" "DPSTEXPA" "DPSTADFP"
## [89] "DPSTURNR" "DPSTBLFP" "DPSTHIFP" "DPSTWHFP"
## [93] "DPSTINFP" "DPSTASFP" "DPSTPIFP" "DPSTTWFP"
## [97] "DPSTREFP" "DPSTSPFP" "DPSTCOFP" "DPSTBIFP"
## [101] "DPSTVOFP" "DPSTGOFP" "DPFVTOTK" "DPFTADPR"
## [105] "DPFRAALLT" "DPFRAALLK" "DPFRAOPRT" "DPFRASTAP"
## [109] "DZRVLOCP" "DPFRAFEDP" "DPFRAORVT" "DPFUNAB1T"
## [113] "DPFUNA4T" "DPFEAALLT" "DPFEAOPFT" "DPFEAOPFK"
## [117] "DPFEAINSP" "DZEXADMP" "DZEXADSP" "DZEXPLAP"
## [121] "DZEXOTHP" "DPFEAINST" "DPFEAINSK" "DPFPAREGP"
## [125] "DPFPASPEP" "DPFPACOMP" "DPFPABILP" "DPFPAVOCP"
## [129] "DPFPAGIFP" "DPFPAATHP" "DPFPAHSAP" "DPFPREKP"
## [133] "DPFPAOTHP" "DISTSIZE" "COMMTYPE" "PROPWLTH"
## [137] "TAXRATE"summary(df) ## DISTNAME DISTRICT DZCNTYNM REGION
## Length:1207 Min. : 1902 Length:1207 Min. : 1.00
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 60402 Class :character 1st Qu.: 6.00
## Mode :character Median :110902 Mode :character Median :10.00
## Mean :122486 Mean :10.49
## 3rd Qu.:182904 3rd Qu.:15.00
## Max. :254902 Max. :20.00
##
## DZRATING DZCAMPUS DPETALLC DPETBLAP
## Length:1207 Min. : 1.000 Min. : 4.0 Min. : 0.000
## Class :character 1st Qu.: 2.000 1st Qu.: 337.5 1st Qu.: 0.700
## Mode :character Median : 3.000 Median : 884.0 Median : 2.900
## Mean : 7.428 Mean : 4476.3 Mean : 8.765
## 3rd Qu.: 5.000 3rd Qu.: 2746.0 3rd Qu.:10.750
## Max. :273.000 Max. :193727.0 Max. :98.100
##
## DPETHISP DPETWHIP DPETINDP DPETASIP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 21.00 1st Qu.:18.55 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 37.90 Median :44.40 Median : 0.2000 Median : 0.400
## Mean : 43.29 Mean :43.15 Mean : 0.3283 Mean : 1.614
## 3rd Qu.: 61.90 3rd Qu.:67.75 3rd Qu.: 0.4000 3rd Qu.: 1.000
## Max. :100.00 Max. :97.10 Max. :19.8000 Max. :54.300
##
## DPETPCIP DPETTWOP DPETECOP DPETLEPP
## Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 1.200 1st Qu.: 47.95 1st Qu.: 2.90
## Median : 0.0000 Median : 2.400 Median : 61.90 Median : 7.50
## Mean : 0.1005 Mean : 2.758 Mean : 60.75 Mean : 12.69
## 3rd Qu.: 0.1000 3rd Qu.: 3.900 3rd Qu.: 77.15 3rd Qu.: 17.00
## Max. :14.5000 Max. :15.000 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
##
## DPETSPEP DPETBILP DPETVOCP DPETGIFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 9.90 1st Qu.: 2.90 1st Qu.:23.00 1st Qu.: 3.100
## Median :12.10 Median : 7.30 Median :27.80 Median : 5.400
## Mean :12.27 Mean : 12.58 Mean :26.47 Mean : 5.574
## 3rd Qu.:14.20 3rd Qu.: 16.80 3rd Qu.:32.90 3rd Qu.: 7.500
## Max. :51.70 Max. :100.00 Max. :82.80 Max. :100.000
##
## DA0AT21R DA0912DR21R DAGC4X21R DAGC5X20R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.000 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 94.05 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 93.20 1st Qu.: 95.50
## Median : 95.40 Median : 0.400 Median : 96.90 Median : 98.30
## Mean : 94.76 Mean : 1.243 Mean : 93.91 Mean : 95.76
## 3rd Qu.: 96.40 3rd Qu.: 1.400 3rd Qu.:100.00 3rd Qu.:100.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :50.500 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :4 NA's :112 NA's :133 NA's :141
## DAGC6X19R DA0GR21N DA0GS21N DDA00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 4.00
## 1st Qu.: 95.20 1st Qu.: 29.0 1st Qu.: 26.0 1st Qu.: 68.00
## Median : 98.20 Median : 69.0 Median : 61.0 Median : 76.00
## Mean : 95.72 Mean : 331.6 Mean : 278.9 Mean : 74.77
## 3rd Qu.:100.00 3rd Qu.: 208.0 3rd Qu.: 167.0 3rd Qu.: 83.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :11588.0 Max. :9607.0 Max. :100.00
## NA's :149 NA's :126 NA's :126 NA's :5
## DDA00A001222R DDA00A001322R DDA00AR01S22R DDA00AR01222R
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.:37.00 1st Qu.:15.00 1st Qu.: 70.00 1st Qu.: 43.00
## Median :46.00 Median :20.00 Median : 77.00 Median : 52.00
## Mean :46.48 Mean :21.05 Mean : 76.22 Mean : 52.12
## 3rd Qu.:55.00 3rd Qu.:26.00 3rd Qu.: 84.00 3rd Qu.: 61.00
## Max. :88.00 Max. :64.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DDA00AR01322R DDA00AM01S22R DDA00AM01222R DDA00AM01322R
## Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.:17.00 1st Qu.: 66.00 1st Qu.:30.00 1st Qu.:11.00
## Median :22.00 Median : 74.00 Median :40.00 Median :17.00
## Mean :23.64 Mean : 72.78 Mean :40.51 Mean :18.21
## 3rd Qu.:29.00 3rd Qu.: 82.00 3rd Qu.:50.00 3rd Qu.:23.00
## Max. :66.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :91.00 Max. :65.00
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DDA00AC01S22R DDA00AC01222R DDA00AC01322R DDA00AS01S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 68.00 1st Qu.: 34.00 1st Qu.:10.00 1st Qu.: 66.00
## Median : 77.00 Median : 44.00 Median :16.00 Median : 75.00
## Mean : 75.04 Mean : 44.29 Mean :17.39 Mean : 73.09
## 3rd Qu.: 85.00 3rd Qu.: 55.00 3rd Qu.:23.00 3rd Qu.: 83.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :56.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :11 NA's :11 NA's :11 NA's :43
## DDA00AS01222R DDA00AS01322R DDB00A001S22R DDB00A001222R
## Min. : -1.0 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.0
## 1st Qu.: 37.0 1st Qu.:17.00 1st Qu.: 50.00 1st Qu.: 21.0
## Median : 46.0 Median :24.00 Median : 63.00 Median : 31.0
## Mean : 45.7 Mean :25.29 Mean : 57.65 Mean : 31.5
## 3rd Qu.: 55.0 3rd Qu.:32.00 3rd Qu.: 74.50 3rd Qu.: 43.0
## Max. :100.0 Max. :77.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.0
## NA's :43 NA's :43 NA's :192 NA's :192
## DDB00A001322R DDH00A001S22R DDH00A001222R DDH00A001322R
## Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.0 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 5.00 1st Qu.: 66.0 1st Qu.: 34.00 1st Qu.:12.00
## Median :11.00 Median : 73.0 Median : 41.00 Median :16.00
## Mean :12.45 Mean : 71.7 Mean : 41.63 Mean :16.86
## 3rd Qu.:17.00 3rd Qu.: 80.0 3rd Qu.: 49.00 3rd Qu.:21.00
## Max. :90.00 Max. :100.0 Max. :100.00 Max. :59.00
## NA's :192 NA's :6 NA's :6 NA's :6
## DDW00A001S22R DDW00A001222R DDW00A001322R DDI00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00 Min. : -1.0
## 1st Qu.: 75.00 1st Qu.: 45.00 1st Qu.:19.00 1st Qu.: -1.0
## Median : 82.00 Median : 54.00 Median :26.00 Median : 66.0
## Mean : 78.69 Mean : 53.24 Mean :26.15 Mean : 50.8
## 3rd Qu.: 88.00 3rd Qu.: 63.00 3rd Qu.:33.00 3rd Qu.: 83.0
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :79.00 Max. :100.0
## NA's :26 NA's :26 NA's :26 NA's :472
## DDI00A001222R DDI00A001322R DD300A001S22R DD300A001222R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.0 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: 50.0 1st Qu.: 17.00
## Median : 35.00 Median : 11.00 Median : 89.0 Median : 67.00
## Mean : 32.08 Mean : 14.35 Mean : 67.8 Mean : 53.76
## 3rd Qu.: 54.00 3rd Qu.: 23.00 3rd Qu.: 96.0 3rd Qu.: 80.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.0 Max. :100.00
## NA's :472 NA's :472 NA's :423 NA's :423
## DD300A001322R DD400A001S22R DD400A001222R DD400A001322R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.:-1.00
## Median : 37.00 Median : 60.00 Median : 22.50 Median : 0.00
## Mean : 33.08 Mean : 44.08 Mean : 29.23 Mean :14.05
## 3rd Qu.: 52.00 3rd Qu.: 83.00 3rd Qu.: 56.75 3rd Qu.:25.75
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :83.00
## NA's :423 NA's :797 NA's :797 NA's :797
## DD200A001S22R DD200A001222R DD200A001322R DDE00A001S22R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00 Min. : -1.00
## 1st Qu.: 64.00 1st Qu.: 33.00 1st Qu.: 10.00 1st Qu.: 63.00
## Median : 76.00 Median : 47.00 Median : 20.00 Median : 70.00
## Mean : 68.18 Mean : 43.98 Mean : 21.06 Mean : 69.68
## 3rd Qu.: 86.00 3rd Qu.: 60.00 3rd Qu.: 30.00 3rd Qu.: 77.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :133 NA's :133 NA's :133 NA's :10
## DDE00A001222R DDE00A001322R DA0CT21R DA0CC21R
## Min. : -1.00 Min. :-1.0 Min. : -2.00 Min. :-1.00
## 1st Qu.: 32.00 1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 40.42 1st Qu.:12.90
## Median : 39.00 Median :15.0 Median : 63.05 Median :23.55
## Mean : 39.23 Mean :15.9 Mean : 60.76 Mean :26.10
## 3rd Qu.: 46.00 3rd Qu.:19.0 3rd Qu.: 85.38 3rd Qu.:37.08
## Max. :100.00 Max. :80.0 Max. :100.00 Max. :97.70
## NA's :10 NA's :10 NA's :125 NA's :147
## DA0CSA21R DA0CAA21R DPSATOFC DPSTTOFC
## Min. : -1.0 Min. :-1.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 887.0 1st Qu.:16.30 1st Qu.: 58.9 1st Qu.: 30.57
## Median : 973.0 Median :19.00 Median : 144.1 Median : 72.00
## Mean : 823.9 Mean :16.13 Mean : 622.5 Mean : 307.06
## 3rd Qu.:1039.0 3rd Qu.:21.20 3rd Qu.: 405.2 3rd Qu.: 196.50
## Max. :1344.0 Max. :31.40 Max. :23716.2 Max. :10619.50
## NA's :262 NA's :236 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSCTOFP DPSSTOFP DPSUTOFP DPSTTOFP
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 1.200 1st Qu.: 2.60 1st Qu.: 4.100 1st Qu.:46.60
## Median : 1.800 Median : 3.10 Median : 6.600 Median :50.80
## Mean : 2.178 Mean : 3.58 Mean : 7.169 Mean :50.98
## 3rd Qu.: 2.600 3rd Qu.: 3.90 3rd Qu.: 9.800 3rd Qu.:54.80
## Max. :14.900 Max. :100.00 Max. :49.700 Max. :88.30
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSETOFP DPSXTOFP DPSCTOSA DPSSTOSA
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -2 Min. : -2
## 1st Qu.: 9.70 1st Qu.:19.38 1st Qu.: 95459 1st Qu.: 73469
## Median :12.60 Median :23.65 Median :106674 Median : 78723
## Mean :12.95 Mean :23.14 Mean :108039 Mean : 79435
## 3rd Qu.:16.20 3rd Qu.:27.50 3rd Qu.:119540 3rd Qu.: 84945
## Max. :48.80 Max. :55.40 Max. :270000 Max. :192500
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :10 NA's :11
## DPSUTOSA DPSTTOSA DPSAMIFP DPSAKIDR
## Min. : -2 Min. : 36081 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.100
## 1st Qu.: 57969 1st Qu.: 50439 1st Qu.: 13.30 1st Qu.: 5.400
## Median : 63015 Median : 53382 Median : 26.60 Median : 6.300
## Mean : 62424 Mean : 53971 Mean : 35.24 Mean : 6.734
## 3rd Qu.: 67941 3rd Qu.: 56919 3rd Qu.: 50.62 3rd Qu.: 7.300
## Max. :228972 Max. :110560 Max. :100.00 Max. :349.100
## NA's :54 NA's :4 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTKIDR DPST05FP DPSTEXPA DPSTADFP
## Min. :-2.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:10.80 1st Qu.: 24.35 1st Qu.:10.07 1st Qu.:14.88
## Median :12.70 Median : 32.40 Median :12.00 Median :20.90
## Mean :12.56 Mean : 34.88 Mean :11.75 Mean :20.86
## 3rd Qu.:14.40 3rd Qu.: 41.65 3rd Qu.:13.90 3rd Qu.:26.12
## Max. :37.30 Max. :100.00 Max. :22.90 Max. :78.70
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTURNR DPSTBLFP DPSTHIFP DPSTWHFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 14.80 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 4.20 1st Qu.: 58.67
## Median : 19.50 Median : 1.60 Median : 10.10 Median : 82.40
## Mean : 21.51 Mean : 6.99 Mean : 19.05 Mean : 71.57
## 3rd Qu.: 25.90 3rd Qu.: 6.20 3rd Qu.: 22.50 3rd Qu.: 92.60
## Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
## NA's :7 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTINFP DPSTASFP DPSTPIFP DPSTTWFP
## Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.00000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.:0.00000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.0000 Median : 0.000 Median :0.00000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 0.3566 Mean : 1.118 Mean :0.08206 Mean : 0.7566
## 3rd Qu.: 0.3000 3rd Qu.: 0.900 3rd Qu.:0.00000 3rd Qu.: 1.2000
## Max. :16.7000 Max. :94.800 Max. :7.80000 Max. :11.7000
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTREFP DPSTSPFP DPSTCOFP DPSTBIFP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 71.00 1st Qu.: 4.500 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 76.90 Median : 7.000 Median : 3.350 Median : 0.000
## Mean : 76.87 Mean : 7.145 Mean : 4.131 Mean : 2.311
## 3rd Qu.: 82.42 3rd Qu.: 9.600 3rd Qu.: 6.125 3rd Qu.: 2.100
## Max. :100.00 Max. :22.800 Max. :32.500 Max. :94.300
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPSTVOFP DPSTGOFP DPFVTOTK DPFTADPR
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 4.800 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 238299 1st Qu.:0.9892
## Median : 7.000 Median : 1.200 Median : 419144 Median :1.1670
## Mean : 7.154 Mean : 2.308 Mean : 665067 Mean :1.0212
## 3rd Qu.: 9.425 3rd Qu.: 3.700 3rd Qu.: 670248 3rd Qu.:1.3017
## Max. :71.900 Max. :30.800 Max. :26416597 Max. :1.7480
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFRAALLT DPFRAALLK DPFRAOPRT DPFRASTAP
## Min. :6.428e+05 Min. : 8923 Min. :6.428e+05 Min. : 1.70
## 1st Qu.:5.828e+06 1st Qu.: 12953 1st Qu.:5.524e+06 1st Qu.: 33.85
## Median :1.381e+07 Median : 14653 Median :1.241e+07 Median : 51.00
## Mean :5.995e+07 Mean : 16365 Mean :5.129e+07 Mean : 49.05
## 3rd Qu.:3.805e+07 3rd Qu.: 17081 3rd Qu.:3.241e+07 3rd Qu.: 64.80
## Max. :2.619e+09 Max. :214078 Max. :2.213e+09 Max. :103.40
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DZRVLOCP DPFRAFEDP DPFRAORVT DPFUNAB1T
## Min. :-6.20 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -655726 Min. : -746998
## 1st Qu.:21.10 1st Qu.: 8.70 1st Qu.: 98311 1st Qu.: 1226730
## Median :35.30 Median :12.30 Median : 1093332 Median : 3589384
## Mean :37.92 Mean :13.04 Mean : 8659622 Mean : 13498263
## 3rd Qu.:53.70 3rd Qu.:16.20 3rd Qu.: 4471240 3rd Qu.: 9357248
## Max. :97.60 Max. :49.00 Max. :405596099 Max. :662450197
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFUNA4T DPFEAALLT DPFEAOPFT DPFEAOPFK
## Min. : -7033092 Min. :6.229e+05 Min. :6.120e+05 Min. : 6755
## 1st Qu.: 0 1st Qu.:5.475e+06 1st Qu.:4.754e+06 1st Qu.: 10916
## Median : 0 Median :1.328e+07 Median :1.102e+07 Median : 12228
## Mean : 510514 Mean :6.597e+07 Mean :4.951e+07 Mean : 13121
## 3rd Qu.: 0 3rd Qu.:3.787e+07 3rd Qu.:3.038e+07 3rd Qu.: 14012
## Max. :126144201 Max. :2.656e+09 Max. :2.068e+09 Max. :178467
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFEAINSP DZEXADMP DZEXADSP DZEXPLAP
## Min. :18.50 Min. : 2.700 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.20
## 1st Qu.:52.00 1st Qu.: 7.125 1st Qu.: 4.900 1st Qu.:10.40
## Median :55.10 Median : 8.800 Median : 5.700 Median :11.80
## Mean :54.73 Mean : 9.606 Mean : 6.015 Mean :12.46
## 3rd Qu.:57.80 3rd Qu.:11.200 3rd Qu.: 6.400 3rd Qu.:13.50
## Max. :84.40 Max. :35.800 Max. :22.700 Max. :43.10
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DZEXOTHP DPFEAINST DPFEAINSK DPFPAREGP
## Min. : 0.30 Min. :2.439e+05 Min. : 3122 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:15.30 1st Qu.:2.563e+06 1st Qu.: 6056 1st Qu.:35.12
## Median :18.00 Median :6.013e+06 Median : 6702 Median :39.70
## Mean :17.15 Mean :2.835e+07 Mean : 7074 Mean :39.80
## 3rd Qu.:20.00 3rd Qu.:1.683e+07 3rd Qu.: 7577 3rd Qu.:43.90
## Max. :69.30 Max. :1.177e+09 Max. :54954 Max. :79.10
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPASPEP DPFPACOMP DPFPABILP DPFPAVOCP
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 5.800 1st Qu.: 6.500 1st Qu.: 0.1000 1st Qu.: 2.90
## Median : 8.900 Median : 9.200 Median : 0.4000 Median : 4.10
## Mean : 9.711 Mean : 9.883 Mean : 0.7496 Mean : 3.96
## 3rd Qu.:12.500 3rd Qu.:12.100 3rd Qu.: 1.0000 3rd Qu.: 5.20
## Max. :49.000 Max. :90.600 Max. :26.0000 Max. :19.80
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPAGIFP DPFPAATHP DPFPAHSAP DPFPREKP
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:1.600 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median :0.2000 Median :2.900 Median :0.0000 Median : 0.6000
## Mean :0.3823 Mean :2.809 Mean :0.1578 Mean : 0.8909
## 3rd Qu.:0.4000 3rd Qu.:4.000 3rd Qu.:0.1000 3rd Qu.: 1.3000
## Max. :6.9000 Max. :9.000 Max. :3.4000 Max. :31.7000
## NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
## DPFPAOTHP DISTSIZE COMMTYPE PROPWLTH
## Min. : 3.50 Length:1207 Length:1207 Length:1207
## 1st Qu.:25.40 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median :28.70 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :29.22
## 3rd Qu.:32.40
## Max. :76.30
## NA's :5
## TAXRATE
## Length:1207
## Class :character
## Mode :character
##
##
##
## df <- read.csv("district.csv")
head(df)## DISTNAME DISTRICT DZCNTYNM REGION DZRATING DZCAMPUS DPETALLC
## 1 CAYUGA ISD 1902 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 574
## 2 ELKHART ISD 1903 001 ANDERSON 7 A 4 1150
## 3 FRANKSTON ISD 1904 001 ANDERSON 7 A 3 808
## 4 NECHES ISD 1906 001 ANDERSON 7 A 2 342
## 5 PALESTINE ISD 1907 001 ANDERSON 7 B 6 3360
## 6 WESTWOOD ISD 1908 001 ANDERSON 7 B 4 1332
## DPETBLAP DPETHISP DPETWHIP DPETINDP DPETASIP DPETPCIP DPETTWOP DPETECOP
## 1 4.4 11.5 79.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.5 40.8
## 2 4.0 11.8 80.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.4 45.4
## 3 8.5 11.3 75.2 0.4 1.0 0.0 3.6 54.2
## 4 8.2 13.5 75.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 2.6 54.1
## 5 25.1 42.9 27.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.7 81.6
## 6 19.7 26.2 48.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 4.9 74.0
## DPETLEPP DPETSPEP DPETBILP DPETVOCP DPETGIFP DA0AT21R DA0912DR21R DAGC4X21R
## 1 1.0 14.6 1.0 30.5 6.1 96.7 0.0 100.0
## 2 2.8 12.1 2.7 31.8 4.6 96.0 0.3 100.0
## 3 4.1 13.1 4.1 43.9 7.3 95.4 0.4 95.2
## 4 2.0 10.5 2.0 29.5 5.6 95.8 0.0 95.8
## 5 17.7 13.5 16.1 30.6 2.3 93.7 0.0 99.0
## 6 7.1 14.5 6.8 38.7 3.2 94.5 0.0 97.8
## DAGC5X20R DAGC6X19R DA0GR21N DA0GS21N DDA00A001S22R DDA00A001222R
## 1 100.0 96.0 36 34 84 62
## 2 98.9 98.8 91 79 85 59
## 3 100.0 33.3 41 40 83 57
## 4 97.0 100.0 23 17 90 64
## 5 99.6 98.6 201 198 74 46
## 6 97.0 97.4 95 77 69 40
## DDA00A001322R DDA00AR01S22R DDA00AR01222R DDA00AR01322R DDA00AM01S22R
## 1 33 81 67 39 88
## 2 30 85 64 34 84
## 3 25 84 63 24 85
## 4 27 87 67 30 94
## 5 20 72 48 20 75
## 6 16 70 45 19 66
## DDA00AM01222R DDA00AM01322R DDA00AC01S22R DDA00AC01222R DDA00AC01322R
## 1 65 34 85 54 22
## 2 49 23 86 63 29
## 3 57 26 81 49 21
## 4 69 27 90 54 23
## 5 44 20 78 48 22
## 6 34 14 73 41 15
## DDA00AS01S22R DDA00AS01222R DDA00AS01322R DDB00A001S22R DDB00A001222R
## 1 78 47 21 60 17
## 2 90 63 42 46 22
## 3 74 48 26 74 38
## 4 83 51 26 88 48
## 5 72 42 20 64 33
## 6 68 38 15 56 26
## DDB00A001322R DDH00A001S22R DDH00A001222R DDH00A001322R DDW00A001S22R
## 1 3 74 53 24 87
## 2 8 85 56 25 88
## 3 6 75 46 19 85
## 4 19 91 69 26 89
## 5 11 73 44 19 83
## 6 11 69 36 12 75
## DDW00A001222R DDW00A001322R DDI00A001S22R DDI00A001222R DDI00A001322R
## 1 66 35 NA NA NA
## 2 61 32 100 100 100
## 3 62 28 80 20 20
## 4 66 29 -1 -1 -1
## 5 60 29 75 50 17
## 6 48 21 NA NA NA
## DD300A001S22R DD300A001222R DD300A001322R DD400A001S22R DD400A001222R
## 1 33 33 17 NA NA
## 2 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 3 84 53 16 NA NA
## 4 -1 -1 -1 NA NA
## 5 85 77 44 -1 -1
## 6 100 100 88 -1 -1
## DD400A001322R DD200A001S22R DD200A001222R DD200A001322R DDE00A001S22R
## 1 NA 83 54 34 76
## 2 NA 77 46 23 77
## 3 NA 75 58 28 77
## 4 NA -1 -1 -1 86
## 5 -1 74 44 18 70
## 6 -1 62 38 13 65
## DDE00A001222R DDE00A001322R DA0CT21R DA0CC21R DA0CSA21R DA0CAA21R DPSATOFC
## 1 50 23 58.3 19.0 980 NA 99.9
## 2 42 19 51.6 27.7 979 -1.0 186.6
## 3 49 17 92.7 36.8 980 -1.0 146.7
## 4 53 17 87.0 15.0 1007 18.8 60.1
## 5 40 16 43.3 49.4 1048 21.0 553.4
## 6 34 14 40.0 28.9 990 -1.0 265.1
## DPSTTOFC DPSCTOFP DPSSTOFP DPSUTOFP DPSTTOFP DPSETOFP DPSXTOFP DPSCTOSA
## 1 46.7 1.5 5.0 5.4 46.8 14.8 26.5 93333
## 2 104.9 1.1 2.1 4.9 56.2 16.2 19.5 100313
## 3 74.5 1.4 3.5 2.0 50.8 15.0 27.4 98293
## 4 30.2 3.1 5.0 1.7 50.3 13.7 26.2 85537
## 5 260.3 2.1 3.4 8.3 47.0 19.7 19.5 99324
## 6 120.6 1.1 4.6 4.4 45.5 19.2 25.2 121228
## DPSSTOSA DPSUTOSA DPSTTOSA DPSAMIFP DPSAKIDR DPSTKIDR DPST05FP DPSTEXPA
## 1 73300 59550 55570 15.6 5.7 12.3 10.4 16.7
## 2 79305 60616 47916 13.4 6.2 11.0 23.8 13.5
## 3 71215 58022 50382 10.9 5.5 10.8 32.7 12.8
## 4 81593 77642 55346 16.3 5.7 11.3 9.7 14.8
## 5 80415 63829 48825 32.1 6.1 12.9 33.8 12.7
## 6 69527 63612 44741 29.9 5.0 11.0 44.8 10.3
## DPSTADFP DPSTURNR DPSTBLFP DPSTHIFP DPSTWHFP DPSTINFP DPSTASFP DPSTPIFP
## 1 14.8 19.1 8.3 0.0 91.7 0.0 0 0
## 2 19.0 13.9 2.9 6.7 90.5 0.0 0 0
## 3 30.7 21.6 4.0 1.3 93.3 0.0 0 0
## 4 9.6 18.3 6.5 0.0 93.5 0.0 0 0
## 5 15.4 17.9 9.6 13.8 74.6 0.0 0 0
## 6 17.4 30.6 11.6 6.6 80.9 0.8 0 0
## DPSTTWFP DPSTREFP DPSTSPFP DPSTCOFP DPSTBIFP DPSTVOFP DPSTGOFP DPFVTOTK
## 1 0.0 81.6 9.9 0.0 0.0 8.5 0.0 551481
## 2 0.0 71.5 8.4 4.9 0.7 13.0 1.5 250124
## 3 1.3 87.6 7.5 2.7 0.0 2.2 0.0 373882
## 4 0.0 70.0 5.5 12.0 0.0 10.8 1.7 339519
## 5 1.9 71.4 10.2 5.0 2.6 9.0 1.8 337763
## 6 0.0 71.4 6.4 6.1 0.0 10.8 5.3 381133
## DPFTADPR DPFRAALLT DPFRAALLK DPFRAOPRT DPFRASTAP DZRVLOCP DPFRAFEDP DPFRAORVT
## 1 1.055 10600571 19814 10525571 47.2 34.4 18.4 75000
## 2 1.244 16544197 13787 15623002 61.8 25.7 12.5 921195
## 3 1.341 10632871 13845 9815575 58.2 30.5 11.3 817296
## 4 1.370 5044735 14925 4573108 64.2 27.7 8.1 471627
## 5 1.405 59631485 17549 45806947 48.3 30.6 21.1 13824538
## 6 1.053 18304035 13538 18204035 51.5 32.5 15.9 100000
## DPFUNAB1T DPFUNA4T DPFEAALLT DPFEAOPFT DPFEAOPFK DPFEAINSP DZEXADMP DZEXADSP
## 1 3306025 0 9222524 8878441 16595 49.6 9.1 3.7
## 2 6071780 0 15181525 13694502 11412 60.3 6.9 4.8
## 3 3880100 0 10569512 9568092 12458 54.2 8.3 6.1
## 4 930315 0 5061803 4709122 13932 53.7 10.7 8.7
## 5 10006405 0 52684829 43017866 12660 54.6 8.3 6.2
## 6 8510495 0 17702691 17289992 12788 50.6 8.5 7.0
## DZEXPLAP DZEXOTHP DPFEAINST DPFEAINSK DPFPAREGP DPFPASPEP DPFPACOMP DPFPABILP
## 1 10.2 27.4 4405076 8234 32.9 28.9 5.9 0.1
## 2 10.5 17.4 8261144 6884 44.0 8.8 7.6 0.0
## 3 13.6 17.8 5184733 6751 42.5 8.4 6.1 0.0
## 4 10.3 16.6 2529704 7484 40.3 10.1 8.6 0.1
## 5 10.8 20.1 23492731 6914 43.2 6.1 7.1 1.0
## 6 10.5 23.3 8750034 6472 36.8 9.4 8.9 0.2
## DPFPAVOCP DPFPAGIFP DPFPAATHP DPFPAHSAP DPFPREKP DPFPAOTHP DISTSIZE
## 1 3.3 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 24.1 500 to 999
## 2 6.9 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 26.8 1,000 to 1,599
## 3 5.3 0.1 6.7 0.0 0.2 28.6 500 to 999
## 4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 34.1 Under 500
## 5 4.2 0.1 3.5 0.7 0.9 30.7 3,000 to 4,999
## 6 4.1 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.8 32.4 1,000 to 1,599
## COMMTYPE PROPWLTH TAXRATE
## 1 Rural $539,089 to < $573,876 Under $1.0809
## 2 Non-metropolitan Stable $234,712 to < $298,152 $1.2148 to under $1.3239
## 3 Rural $359,962 to < $411,857 $1.3239 and over
## 4 Rural $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 5 Independent Town $298,152 to < $340,843 $1.3239 and over
## 6 Non-metropolitan Stable $359,962 to < $411,857 Under $1.0809names(df)## [1] "DISTNAME" "DISTRICT" "DZCNTYNM" "REGION"
## [5] "DZRATING" "DZCAMPUS" "DPETALLC" "DPETBLAP"
## [9] "DPETHISP" "DPETWHIP" "DPETINDP" "DPETASIP"
## [13] "DPETPCIP" "DPETTWOP" "DPETECOP" "DPETLEPP"
## [17] "DPETSPEP" "DPETBILP" "DPETVOCP" "DPETGIFP"
## [21] "DA0AT21R" "DA0912DR21R" "DAGC4X21R" "DAGC5X20R"
## [25] "DAGC6X19R" "DA0GR21N" "DA0GS21N" "DDA00A001S22R"
## [29] "DDA00A001222R" "DDA00A001322R" "DDA00AR01S22R" "DDA00AR01222R"
## [33] "DDA00AR01322R" "DDA00AM01S22R" "DDA00AM01222R" "DDA00AM01322R"
## [37] "DDA00AC01S22R" "DDA00AC01222R" "DDA00AC01322R" "DDA00AS01S22R"
## [41] "DDA00AS01222R" "DDA00AS01322R" "DDB00A001S22R" "DDB00A001222R"
## [45] "DDB00A001322R" "DDH00A001S22R" "DDH00A001222R" "DDH00A001322R"
## [49] "DDW00A001S22R" "DDW00A001222R" "DDW00A001322R" "DDI00A001S22R"
## [53] "DDI00A001222R" "DDI00A001322R" "DD300A001S22R" "DD300A001222R"
## [57] "DD300A001322R" "DD400A001S22R" "DD400A001222R" "DD400A001322R"
## [61] "DD200A001S22R" "DD200A001222R" "DD200A001322R" "DDE00A001S22R"
## [65] "DDE00A001222R" "DDE00A001322R" "DA0CT21R" "DA0CC21R"
## [69] "DA0CSA21R" "DA0CAA21R" "DPSATOFC" "DPSTTOFC"
## [73] "DPSCTOFP" "DPSSTOFP" "DPSUTOFP" "DPSTTOFP"
## [77] "DPSETOFP" "DPSXTOFP" "DPSCTOSA" "DPSSTOSA"
## [81] "DPSUTOSA" "DPSTTOSA" "DPSAMIFP" "DPSAKIDR"
## [85] "DPSTKIDR" "DPST05FP" "DPSTEXPA" "DPSTADFP"
## [89] "DPSTURNR" "DPSTBLFP" "DPSTHIFP" "DPSTWHFP"
## [93] "DPSTINFP" "DPSTASFP" "DPSTPIFP" "DPSTTWFP"
## [97] "DPSTREFP" "DPSTSPFP" "DPSTCOFP" "DPSTBIFP"
## [101] "DPSTVOFP" "DPSTGOFP" "DPFVTOTK" "DPFTADPR"
## [105] "DPFRAALLT" "DPFRAALLK" "DPFRAOPRT" "DPFRASTAP"
## [109] "DZRVLOCP" "DPFRAFEDP" "DPFRAORVT" "DPFUNAB1T"
## [113] "DPFUNA4T" "DPFEAALLT" "DPFEAOPFT" "DPFEAOPFK"
## [117] "DPFEAINSP" "DZEXADMP" "DZEXADSP" "DZEXPLAP"
## [121] "DZEXOTHP" "DPFEAINST" "DPFEAINSK" "DPFPAREGP"
## [125] "DPFPASPEP" "DPFPACOMP" "DPFPABILP" "DPFPAVOCP"
## [129] "DPFPAGIFP" "DPFPAATHP" "DPFPAHSAP" "DPFPREKP"
## [133] "DPFPAOTHP" "DISTSIZE" "COMMTYPE" "PROPWLTH"
## [137] "TAXRATE"grep("ST", names(df), value = TRUE)## [1] "DISTNAME" "DISTRICT" "DPSTTOFC" "DPSSTOFP" "DPSTTOFP" "DPSSTOSA"
## [7] "DPSTTOSA" "DPSTKIDR" "DPST05FP" "DPSTEXPA" "DPSTADFP" "DPSTURNR"
## [13] "DPSTBLFP" "DPSTHIFP" "DPSTWHFP" "DPSTINFP" "DPSTASFP" "DPSTPIFP"
## [19] "DPSTTWFP" "DPSTREFP" "DPSTSPFP" "DPSTCOFP" "DPSTBIFP" "DPSTVOFP"
## [25] "DPSTGOFP" "DPFRASTAP" "DPFEAINST" "DISTSIZE"df %>% select(DPSATOFC) %>% head()## DPSATOFC
## 1 99.9
## 2 186.6
## 3 146.7
## 4 60.1
## 5 553.4
## 6 265.1library(tidyverse)
df %>% select(DPSATOFC) %>% head()## DPSATOFC
## 1 99.9
## 2 186.6
## 3 146.7
## 4 60.1
## 5 553.4
## 6 265.1df_small <- df %>% select(DPSTTOFP, DPSATOFC, DPSTEXPA, DPETSPEP, DPFUNAB1T)
head(df_small)## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP DPFUNAB1T
## 1 46.8 99.9 16.7 14.6 3306025
## 2 56.2 186.6 13.5 12.1 6071780
## 3 50.8 146.7 12.8 13.1 3880100
## 4 50.3 60.1 14.8 10.5 930315
## 5 47.0 553.4 12.7 13.5 10006405
## 6 45.5 265.1 10.3 14.5 8510495dim(df_small)## [1] 1207 5summary(df_small)## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:46.60 1st Qu.: 58.9 1st Qu.:10.07 1st Qu.: 9.90
## Median :50.80 Median : 144.1 Median :12.00 Median :12.10
## Mean :50.98 Mean : 622.5 Mean :11.75 Mean :12.27
## 3rd Qu.:54.80 3rd Qu.: 405.2 3rd Qu.:13.90 3rd Qu.:14.20
## Max. :88.30 Max. :23716.2 Max. :22.90 Max. :51.70
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPFUNAB1T
## Min. : -746998
## 1st Qu.: 1226730
## Median : 3589384
## Mean : 13498263
## 3rd Qu.: 9357248
## Max. :662450197
## NA's :5stat.desc(df_small)## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP DPFUNAB1T
## nbr.val 1.204000e+03 1.204000e+03 1.204000e+03 1.207000e+03 1.202000e+03
## nbr.null 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 5.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 1.840000e+02
## nbr.na 3.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 5.000000e+00
## min 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 -7.469980e+05
## max 8.830000e+01 2.371620e+04 2.290000e+01 5.170000e+01 6.624502e+08
## range 8.830000e+01 2.371520e+04 2.290000e+01 5.170000e+01 6.631972e+08
## sum 6.137840e+04 7.494701e+05 1.414260e+04 1.480760e+04 1.622491e+10
## median 5.080000e+01 1.441000e+02 1.200000e+01 1.210000e+01 3.589385e+06
## mean 5.097874e+01 6.224835e+02 1.174635e+01 1.226810e+01 1.349826e+07
## SE.mean 2.053378e-01 4.817559e+01 9.749004e-02 1.284363e-01 1.109363e+06
## CI.mean.0.95 4.028601e-01 9.451752e+01 1.912694e-01 2.519834e-01 2.176506e+06
## var 5.076500e+01 2.794349e+06 1.144319e+01 1.991053e+01 1.479286e+15
## std.dev 7.124956e+00 1.671631e+03 3.382778e+00 4.462122e+00 3.846149e+07
## coef.var 1.397633e-01 2.685422e+00 2.879856e-01 3.637174e-01 2.849366e+00library(pastecs)
stat.desc(df_small)## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP DPFUNAB1T
## nbr.val 1.204000e+03 1.204000e+03 1.204000e+03 1.207000e+03 1.202000e+03
## nbr.null 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 5.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 1.840000e+02
## nbr.na 3.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 3.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 5.000000e+00
## min 0.000000e+00 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 -7.469980e+05
## max 8.830000e+01 2.371620e+04 2.290000e+01 5.170000e+01 6.624502e+08
## range 8.830000e+01 2.371520e+04 2.290000e+01 5.170000e+01 6.631972e+08
## sum 6.137840e+04 7.494701e+05 1.414260e+04 1.480760e+04 1.622491e+10
## median 5.080000e+01 1.441000e+02 1.200000e+01 1.210000e+01 3.589385e+06
## mean 5.097874e+01 6.224835e+02 1.174635e+01 1.226810e+01 1.349826e+07
## SE.mean 2.053378e-01 4.817559e+01 9.749004e-02 1.284363e-01 1.109363e+06
## CI.mean.0.95 4.028601e-01 9.451752e+01 1.912694e-01 2.519834e-01 2.176506e+06
## var 5.076500e+01 2.794349e+06 1.144319e+01 1.991053e+01 1.479286e+15
## std.dev 7.124956e+00 1.671631e+03 3.382778e+00 4.462122e+00 3.846149e+07
## coef.var 1.397633e-01 2.685422e+00 2.879856e-01 3.637174e-01 2.849366e+00package ‘pastecs’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
The downloaded binary packages are in C:_packages > > stat.desc(df_small) Error in stat.desc(df_small) : could not find function cor_matrix <- corr.test(df_small, use = “pairwise.complete.obs”, method = “pearson”) cor_matrix\(r cor_matrix\)p # ———————————————————- # Regression Models (Tables 5 and 6) # ———————————————————- # These models test how teacher experience, SPED enrollment, # and funding predict STAAR and SAT performance.
# Model 1: Predicting STAAR performance (DPSTTOFP)
model_STAAR <- lm(DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T, data = df_small)
summary(model_STAAR)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T, data = df_small)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -51.378 -4.296 -0.113 3.834 34.811
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.138e+01 8.535e-01 60.197 < 2e-16 ***
## DPSTEXPA 2.388e-01 6.156e-02 3.879 0.00011 ***
## DPETSPEP -2.433e-01 4.638e-02 -5.245 1.84e-07 ***
## DPFUNAB1T -1.564e-08 5.223e-09 -2.995 0.00280 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 6.954 on 1196 degrees of freedom
## (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.03545, Adjusted R-squared: 0.03303
## F-statistic: 14.65 on 3 and 1196 DF, p-value: 2.253e-09# Model 2: Predicting SAT performance (DPSATOFC)
model_SAT <- lm(DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T, data = df_small)
summary(model_SAT)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T, data = df_small)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -6289.8 -148.1 -65.1 18.8 8184.7
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.714e+02 7.701e+01 4.823 1.60e-06 ***
## DPSTEXPA -2.293e+01 5.555e+00 -4.128 3.92e-05 ***
## DPETSPEP -1.694e+00 4.185e+00 -0.405 0.686
## DPFUNAB1T 4.021e-05 4.713e-07 85.314 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 627.5 on 1196 degrees of freedom
## (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8599, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8595
## F-statistic: 2446 on 3 and 1196 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Notes:
Interpretation Notes for Regression Tables
-Each coefficient in the regression table represents the estimated change in student performance (STAAR or SAT) for a one-unit change in the predictor variable, holding all other variables constant.
-Positive coefficients indicate that as the independent variable increases, student performance also increases.
-Negative coefficients indicate that as the independent variable increases, performance tends to decrease.
-The “Estimate” column shows the direction and size of the effect.
-The “Pr(>|t|)” column provides the p-value, which indicates whether the effect is statistically significant:
*** = highly significant (p < 0.01)
** = moderately significant (p < 0.05)
- = marginally significant (p < 0.10)
-Findings by Model
Teacher Experience: In both models, teacher experience was statistically significant, but the direction of the effect differed across assessments.
For STAAR, experience had a positive relationship — districts with more experienced teachers tended to have slightly higher STAAR performance.
For SAT, experience showed a negative coefficient, suggesting that years of experience alone did not translate into higher SAT outcomes.
SPED Enrollment (%) The SPED percentage was negatively related to STAAR outcomes and only weakly related to SAT scores.
This indicates that districts serving larger proportions of SPED students tend to have lower standardized test averages, likely reflecting the additional learning supports and challenges associated with this population.
District Funding ($) Funding was positive and highly significant for SAT performance, meaning that more well-funded districts achieved better SAT results.
However, the funding effect was practically negligible for STAAR because of the large scale of the variable (measured in total dollars rather than per-student funding).
SPED/Dual Certification (%) When this variable was added in the extended model, it showed a negative effect on STAAR but a positive and statistically significant effect on SAT outcomes.
This suggests that districts employing more teachers with SPED or dual certification may be better supporting college-readiness measures (SAT), even if STAAR performance remains more difficult to influence at the district level.
Summary: Taken together, the regression results show that teacher experience, funding, and certification all play measurable roles in predicting district-level student success.
Funding and certification have the most substantial positive association with SAT performance, while STAAR outcomes remain more modestly influenced by experience and SPED enrollment.
library(stargazer)
stargazer(model_STAAR, model_SAT,
type = "text",
title = "Regression Results for STAAR and SAT Performance",
dep.var.labels = c("STAAR Performance", "SAT Performance"),
covariate.labels = c("Teacher Experience (Years)",
"SPED Enrollment (%)",
"District Funding ($)"),
digits = 4,
omit.stat = c("f", "ser"))##
## Regression Results for STAAR and SAT Performance
## ============================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------------
## STAAR Performance SAT Performance
## (1) (2)
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## Teacher Experience (Years) 0.2388*** -22.9285***
## (0.0616) (5.5550)
##
## SPED Enrollment (%) -0.2433*** -1.6935
## (0.0464) (4.1855)
##
## District Funding () -0.000000*** 0.00004***
## (0.0000) (0.000000)
##
## Constant 51.3775*** 371.4358***
## (0.8535) (77.0144)
##
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,200 1,200
## R2 0.0354 0.8599
## Adjusted R2 0.0330 0.8595
## ============================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01———————————————————-
Charts and Graphical Representation of Models
———————————————————-
library(ggplot2)
# 1️⃣ Histogram: STAAR Performance
ggplot(df_small, aes(x = DPSTTOFP)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 30, fill = "steelblue", color = "white") +
labs(title = "Distribution of STAAR Performance Across Districts",
x = "STAAR Performance (DPSTTOFP)",
y = "Number of Districts") +
theme_minimal()
# 2️⃣ Histogram: SAT Performance
ggplot(df_small, aes(x = DPSATOFC)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 30, fill = "darkorange", color = "white") +
labs(title = "Distribution of SAT Performance Across Districts",
x = "SAT Performance (DPSATOFC)",
y = "Number of Districts") +
theme_minimal()
# 3️⃣ Histogram: Teacher Experience
ggplot(df_small, aes(x = DPSTEXPA)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 20, fill = "seagreen", color = "white") +
labs(title = "Distribution of Average Teacher Experience",
x = "Average Years of Experience (DPSTEXPA)",
y = "Number of Districts") +
theme_minimal()
# 4️⃣ Scatterplot: Funding vs. STAAR
ggplot(df_small, aes(x = DPFUNAB1T, y = DPSTTOFP)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.6, color = "steelblue") +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "red", se = FALSE) +
labs(title = "Relationship Between District Funding and STAAR Performance",
x = "Total District Funding ($)",
y = "STAAR Performance") +
theme_minimal()
# 5️⃣ Scatterplot: Funding vs. SAT
ggplot(df_small, aes(x = DPFUNAB1T, y = DPSATOFC)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.6, color = "darkorange") +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "red", se = FALSE) +
labs(title = "Relationship Between District Funding and SAT Performance",
x = "Total District Funding ($)",
y = "SAT Performance") +
theme_minimal()
# 6️⃣ Regression Coefficient Plot (optional, for advanced slides)
library(broom)
library(dplyr)
# Combine coefficients from both models
coef_data <- bind_rows(
tidy(model_STAAR) %>% mutate(Model = "STAAR"),
tidy(model_SAT) %>% mutate(Model = "SAT")
)
# Remove intercepts
coef_data <- coef_data %>% filter(term != "(Intercept)")
ggplot(coef_data, aes(x = term, y = estimate, fill = Model)) +
geom_col(position = "dodge") +
labs(title = "Regression Coefficients for STAAR and SAT Models",
x = "Predictor Variable",
y = "Coefficient Estimate") +
theme_minimal()
grep("CERT|COFP|PASPEP|REFP|BIFP", names(df), value = TRUE)## [1] "DPSTREFP" "DPSTCOFP" "DPSTBIFP" "DPFPASPEP"df_cert <- df %>%
select(DPSTTOFP, DPSATOFC, DPSTEXPA, DPETSPEP, DPFUNAB1T, DPFPASPEP)
summary(df_cert)## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:46.60 1st Qu.: 58.9 1st Qu.:10.07 1st Qu.: 9.90
## Median :50.80 Median : 144.1 Median :12.00 Median :12.10
## Mean :50.98 Mean : 622.5 Mean :11.75 Mean :12.27
## 3rd Qu.:54.80 3rd Qu.: 405.2 3rd Qu.:13.90 3rd Qu.:14.20
## Max. :88.30 Max. :23716.2 Max. :22.90 Max. :51.70
## NA's :3 NA's :3 NA's :3
## DPFUNAB1T DPFPASPEP
## Min. : -746998 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 1226730 1st Qu.: 5.800
## Median : 3589384 Median : 8.900
## Mean : 13498263 Mean : 9.711
## 3rd Qu.: 9357248 3rd Qu.:12.500
## Max. :662450197 Max. :49.000
## NA's :5 NA's :5library(pastecs)
stat.desc(df_cert$DPFPASPEP)## nbr.val nbr.null nbr.na min max range
## 1.202000e+03 1.000000e+00 5.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 4.900000e+01 4.900000e+01
## sum median mean SE.mean CI.mean.0.95 var
## 1.167210e+04 8.900000e+00 9.710566e+00 1.536421e-01 3.014368e-01 2.837428e+01
## std.dev coef.var
## 5.326752e+00 5.485522e-01library(ggplot2)
ggplot(df_cert, aes(x = DPFPASPEP)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 20, fill = "steelblue", color = "white") +
labs(title = "Distribution of SPED/Dual Certification Rates",
x = "% of SPED/Dual-Certified Teachers",
y = "Number of Districts") +
theme_minimal()
library(psych)
cor_matrix_cert <- corr.test(df_cert, use = "pairwise.complete.obs", method = "pearson")
cor_matrix_cert$r## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP DPFUNAB1T
## DPSTTOFP 1.00000000 -0.08660283 0.06327760 -0.12027727 -0.08198085
## DPSATOFC -0.08660283 1.00000000 -0.07093381 -0.05189507 0.92610439
## DPSTEXPA 0.06327760 -0.07093381 1.00000000 0.21146210 -0.02979525
## DPETSPEP -0.12027727 -0.05189507 0.21146210 1.00000000 -0.04157424
## DPFUNAB1T -0.08198085 0.92610439 -0.02979525 -0.04157424 1.00000000
## DPFPASPEP -0.20079768 0.21372685 0.05984054 0.37002337 0.19047304
## DPFPASPEP
## DPSTTOFP -0.20079768
## DPSATOFC 0.21372685
## DPSTEXPA 0.05984054
## DPETSPEP 0.37002337
## DPFUNAB1T 0.19047304
## DPFPASPEP 1.00000000cor_matrix_cert$p## DPSTTOFP DPSATOFC DPSTEXPA DPETSPEP DPFUNAB1T
## DPSTTOFP 0.000000e+00 2.106997e-02 1.406135e-01 2.574088e-04 3.140916e-02
## DPSATOFC 2.633746e-03 0.000000e+00 8.293204e-02 2.155657e-01 0.000000e+00
## DPSTEXPA 2.812270e-02 1.382201e-02 0.000000e+00 1.472413e-12 3.024043e-01
## DPETSPEP 2.860097e-05 7.185524e-02 1.227010e-13 0.000000e+00 2.994538e-01
## DPFUNAB1T 4.487023e-03 0.000000e+00 3.024043e-01 1.497269e-01 0.000000e+00
## DPFPASPEP 2.215424e-12 7.285384e-14 3.820632e-02 2.649907e-40 2.778663e-11
## DPFPASPEP
## DPSTTOFP 2.436967e-11
## DPSATOFC 9.470999e-13
## DPSTEXPA 1.528253e-01
## DPETSPEP 3.709869e-39
## DPFUNAB1T 2.778663e-10
## DPFPASPEP 0.000000e+00model_STAAR_cert <- lm(DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)
summary(model_STAAR_cert)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP,
## data = df_cert)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -51.893 -4.006 -0.073 3.946 34.710
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.224e+01 8.595e-01 60.781 < 2e-16 ***
## DPSTEXPA 2.340e-01 6.088e-02 3.843 0.000128 ***
## DPETSPEP -1.434e-01 4.957e-02 -2.893 0.003883 **
## DPFUNAB1T -9.417e-09 5.297e-09 -1.778 0.075675 .
## DPFPASPEP -2.184e-01 4.112e-02 -5.310 1.31e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 6.876 on 1195 degrees of freedom
## (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.05768, Adjusted R-squared: 0.05453
## F-statistic: 18.29 on 4 and 1195 DF, p-value: 1.359e-14# Extended models with Teacher Certification variable
df_cert <- df %>%
select(DPSTTOFP, DPSATOFC, DPSTEXPA, DPETSPEP, DPFUNAB1T, DPFPASPEP)
# Model 1: STAAR performance including teacher certification
model_STAAR_cert <- lm(DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)
# Model 2: SAT performance including teacher certification
model_SAT_cert <- lm(DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)
# Summaries for both models
summary(model_STAAR_cert)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP,
## data = df_cert)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -51.893 -4.006 -0.073 3.946 34.710
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.224e+01 8.595e-01 60.781 < 2e-16 ***
## DPSTEXPA 2.340e-01 6.088e-02 3.843 0.000128 ***
## DPETSPEP -1.434e-01 4.957e-02 -2.893 0.003883 **
## DPFUNAB1T -9.417e-09 5.297e-09 -1.778 0.075675 .
## DPFPASPEP -2.184e-01 4.112e-02 -5.310 1.31e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 6.876 on 1195 degrees of freedom
## (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.05768, Adjusted R-squared: 0.05453
## F-statistic: 18.29 on 4 and 1195 DF, p-value: 1.359e-14summary(model_SAT_cert)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP,
## data = df_cert)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -6035.6 -154.2 -55.2 42.3 8144.1
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 3.073e+02 7.786e+01 3.947 8.37e-05 ***
## DPSTEXPA -2.257e+01 5.514e+00 -4.093 4.54e-05 ***
## DPETSPEP -9.099e+00 4.490e+00 -2.026 0.043 *
## DPFUNAB1T 3.975e-05 4.798e-07 82.855 < 2e-16 ***
## DPFPASPEP 1.619e+01 3.725e+00 4.346 1.50e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 622.8 on 1195 degrees of freedom
## (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.862, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8616
## F-statistic: 1867 on 4 and 1195 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16library(stargazer)stargazer(model_STAAR_cert, model_SAT_cert,
type = "text",
title = "Regression Results Including Teacher Preparation and Certification",
dep.var.labels = c("STAAR Performance", "SAT Performance"),
covariate.labels = c("Teacher Experience (Years)",
"SPED Enrollment (%)",
"District Funding ($)",
"SPED/Dual Certification (%)"),
digits = 4,
omit.stat = c("f", "ser"))##
## Regression Results Including Teacher Preparation and Certification
## =============================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------------
## STAAR Performance SAT Performance
## (1) (2)
## -------------------------------------------------------------
## Teacher Experience (Years) 0.2340*** -22.5708***
## (0.0609) (5.5145)
##
## SPED Enrollment (%) -0.1434*** -9.0989**
## (0.0496) (4.4903)
##
## District Funding () -0.0000* 0.00004***
## (0.0000) (0.000000)
##
## SPED/Dual Certification (%) -0.2184*** 16.1901***
## (0.0411) (3.7249)
##
## Constant 52.2425*** 307.3013***
## (0.8595) (77.8558)
##
## -------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,200 1,200
## R2 0.0577 0.8620
## Adjusted R2 0.0545 0.8616
## =============================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01# Model 1: STAAR Performance
model_STAAR_cert <- lm(DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)
# Model 2: SAT Performance
model_SAT_cert <- lm(DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)# Model 1: STAAR Performance
model_STAAR_cert <- lm(DPSTTOFP ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)
# Model 2: SAT Performance
model_SAT_cert <- lm(DPSATOFC ~ DPSTEXPA + DPETSPEP + DPFUNAB1T + DPFPASPEP, data = df_cert)library(stargazer)
stargazer(model_STAAR_cert, model_SAT_cert,
type = "text",
title = "Regression Results Including Teacher Preparation and Certification",
dep.var.labels = c("STAAR Performance", "SAT Performance"),
covariate.labels = c("Teacher Experience (Years)",
"SPED Enrollment (%)",
"District Funding ($)",
"SPED/Dual Certification (%)"),
digits = 4,
omit.stat = c("f", "ser"))##
## Regression Results Including Teacher Preparation and Certification
## =============================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------------
## STAAR Performance SAT Performance
## (1) (2)
## -------------------------------------------------------------
## Teacher Experience (Years) 0.2340*** -22.5708***
## (0.0609) (5.5145)
##
## SPED Enrollment (%) -0.1434*** -9.0989**
## (0.0496) (4.4903)
##
## District Funding () -0.0000* 0.00004***
## (0.0000) (0.000000)
##
## SPED/Dual Certification (%) -0.2184*** 16.1901***
## (0.0411) (3.7249)
##
## Constant 52.2425*** 307.3013***
## (0.8595) (77.8558)
##
## -------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,200 1,200
## R2 0.0577 0.8620
## Adjusted R2 0.0545 0.8616
## =============================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01library(ggplot2)
library(broom)
library(dplyr)
# Combine model outputs
coef_data <- bind_rows(
tidy(model_STAAR_cert) %>% mutate(Model = "STAAR"),
tidy(model_SAT_cert) %>% mutate(Model = "SAT")
)
# Remove intercept
coef_data <- coef_data %>% filter(term != "(Intercept)")
# Plot
ggplot(coef_data, aes(x = term, y = estimate, fill = Model)) +
geom_col(position = "dodge") +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed") +
labs(title = "Regression Coefficients for STAAR and SAT Models (Including Teacher Certification)",
x = "Predictor Variable",
y = "Coefficient Estimate") +
theme_minimal() +
coord_flip()
# “This chart shows how each variable affects STAAR and SAT performance once we account for teacher certification. We can see that certification has a negative effect on STAAR but a positive and highly significant effect on SAT performance, while district funding remains the strongest overall predictor of SAT success.”