ls()
## character(0)
rm(list=ls())
gc()
## used (Mb) gc trigger (Mb) max used (Mb)
## Ncells 294598 7.9 592000 15.9 460000 12.3
## Vcells 332923 2.6 786432 6.0 677529 5.2
memory.size()
## [1] 16.97
memory.limit()
## [1] 1535
length(colors())
## [1] 657
colors()
## [1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite"
## [4] "antiquewhite1" "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3"
## [7] "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"
## [10] "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"
## [13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2"
## [16] "azure3" "azure4" "beige"
## [19] "bisque" "bisque1" "bisque2"
## [22] "bisque3" "bisque4" "black"
## [25] "blanchedalmond" "blue" "blue1"
## [28] "blue2" "blue3" "blue4"
## [31] "blueviolet" "brown" "brown1"
## [34] "brown2" "brown3" "brown4"
## [37] "burlywood" "burlywood1" "burlywood2"
## [40] "burlywood3" "burlywood4" "cadetblue"
## [43] "cadetblue1" "cadetblue2" "cadetblue3"
## [46] "cadetblue4" "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"
## [49] "chartreuse2" "chartreuse3" "chartreuse4"
## [52] "chocolate" "chocolate1" "chocolate2"
## [55] "chocolate3" "chocolate4" "coral"
## [58] "coral1" "coral2" "coral3"
## [61] "coral4" "cornflowerblue" "cornsilk"
## [64] "cornsilk1" "cornsilk2" "cornsilk3"
## [67] "cornsilk4" "cyan" "cyan1"
## [70] "cyan2" "cyan3" "cyan4"
## [73] "darkblue" "darkcyan" "darkgoldenrod"
## [76] "darkgoldenrod1" "darkgoldenrod2" "darkgoldenrod3"
## [79] "darkgoldenrod4" "darkgray" "darkgreen"
## [82] "darkgrey" "darkkhaki" "darkmagenta"
## [85] "darkolivegreen" "darkolivegreen1" "darkolivegreen2"
## [88] "darkolivegreen3" "darkolivegreen4" "darkorange"
## [91] "darkorange1" "darkorange2" "darkorange3"
## [94] "darkorange4" "darkorchid" "darkorchid1"
## [97] "darkorchid2" "darkorchid3" "darkorchid4"
## [100] "darkred" "darksalmon" "darkseagreen"
## [103] "darkseagreen1" "darkseagreen2" "darkseagreen3"
## [106] "darkseagreen4" "darkslateblue" "darkslategray"
## [109] "darkslategray1" "darkslategray2" "darkslategray3"
## [112] "darkslategray4" "darkslategrey" "darkturquoise"
## [115] "darkviolet" "deeppink" "deeppink1"
## [118] "deeppink2" "deeppink3" "deeppink4"
## [121] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1" "deepskyblue2"
## [124] "deepskyblue3" "deepskyblue4" "dimgray"
## [127] "dimgrey" "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"
## [130] "dodgerblue2" "dodgerblue3" "dodgerblue4"
## [133] "firebrick" "firebrick1" "firebrick2"
## [136] "firebrick3" "firebrick4" "floralwhite"
## [139] "forestgreen" "gainsboro" "ghostwhite"
## [142] "gold" "gold1" "gold2"
## [145] "gold3" "gold4" "goldenrod"
## [148] "goldenrod1" "goldenrod2" "goldenrod3"
## [151] "goldenrod4" "gray" "gray0"
## [154] "gray1" "gray2" "gray3"
## [157] "gray4" "gray5" "gray6"
## [160] "gray7" "gray8" "gray9"
## [163] "gray10" "gray11" "gray12"
## [166] "gray13" "gray14" "gray15"
## [169] "gray16" "gray17" "gray18"
## [172] "gray19" "gray20" "gray21"
## [175] "gray22" "gray23" "gray24"
## [178] "gray25" "gray26" "gray27"
## [181] "gray28" "gray29" "gray30"
## [184] "gray31" "gray32" "gray33"
## [187] "gray34" "gray35" "gray36"
## [190] "gray37" "gray38" "gray39"
## [193] "gray40" "gray41" "gray42"
## [196] "gray43" "gray44" "gray45"
## [199] "gray46" "gray47" "gray48"
## [202] "gray49" "gray50" "gray51"
## [205] "gray52" "gray53" "gray54"
## [208] "gray55" "gray56" "gray57"
## [211] "gray58" "gray59" "gray60"
## [214] "gray61" "gray62" "gray63"
## [217] "gray64" "gray65" "gray66"
## [220] "gray67" "gray68" "gray69"
## [223] "gray70" "gray71" "gray72"
## [226] "gray73" "gray74" "gray75"
## [229] "gray76" "gray77" "gray78"
## [232] "gray79" "gray80" "gray81"
## [235] "gray82" "gray83" "gray84"
## [238] "gray85" "gray86" "gray87"
## [241] "gray88" "gray89" "gray90"
## [244] "gray91" "gray92" "gray93"
## [247] "gray94" "gray95" "gray96"
## [250] "gray97" "gray98" "gray99"
## [253] "gray100" "green" "green1"
## [256] "green2" "green3" "green4"
## [259] "greenyellow" "grey" "grey0"
## [262] "grey1" "grey2" "grey3"
## [265] "grey4" "grey5" "grey6"
## [268] "grey7" "grey8" "grey9"
## [271] "grey10" "grey11" "grey12"
## [274] "grey13" "grey14" "grey15"
## [277] "grey16" "grey17" "grey18"
## [280] "grey19" "grey20" "grey21"
## [283] "grey22" "grey23" "grey24"
## [286] "grey25" "grey26" "grey27"
## [289] "grey28" "grey29" "grey30"
## [292] "grey31" "grey32" "grey33"
## [295] "grey34" "grey35" "grey36"
## [298] "grey37" "grey38" "grey39"
## [301] "grey40" "grey41" "grey42"
## [304] "grey43" "grey44" "grey45"
## [307] "grey46" "grey47" "grey48"
## [310] "grey49" "grey50" "grey51"
## [313] "grey52" "grey53" "grey54"
## [316] "grey55" "grey56" "grey57"
## [319] "grey58" "grey59" "grey60"
## [322] "grey61" "grey62" "grey63"
## [325] "grey64" "grey65" "grey66"
## [328] "grey67" "grey68" "grey69"
## [331] "grey70" "grey71" "grey72"
## [334] "grey73" "grey74" "grey75"
## [337] "grey76" "grey77" "grey78"
## [340] "grey79" "grey80" "grey81"
## [343] "grey82" "grey83" "grey84"
## [346] "grey85" "grey86" "grey87"
## [349] "grey88" "grey89" "grey90"
## [352] "grey91" "grey92" "grey93"
## [355] "grey94" "grey95" "grey96"
## [358] "grey97" "grey98" "grey99"
## [361] "grey100" "honeydew" "honeydew1"
## [364] "honeydew2" "honeydew3" "honeydew4"
## [367] "hotpink" "hotpink1" "hotpink2"
## [370] "hotpink3" "hotpink4" "indianred"
## [373] "indianred1" "indianred2" "indianred3"
## [376] "indianred4" "ivory" "ivory1"
## [379] "ivory2" "ivory3" "ivory4"
## [382] "khaki" "khaki1" "khaki2"
## [385] "khaki3" "khaki4" "lavender"
## [388] "lavenderblush" "lavenderblush1" "lavenderblush2"
## [391] "lavenderblush3" "lavenderblush4" "lawngreen"
## [394] "lemonchiffon" "lemonchiffon1" "lemonchiffon2"
## [397] "lemonchiffon3" "lemonchiffon4" "lightblue"
## [400] "lightblue1" "lightblue2" "lightblue3"
## [403] "lightblue4" "lightcoral" "lightcyan"
## [406] "lightcyan1" "lightcyan2" "lightcyan3"
## [409] "lightcyan4" "lightgoldenrod" "lightgoldenrod1"
## [412] "lightgoldenrod2" "lightgoldenrod3" "lightgoldenrod4"
## [415] "lightgoldenrodyellow" "lightgray" "lightgreen"
## [418] "lightgrey" "lightpink" "lightpink1"
## [421] "lightpink2" "lightpink3" "lightpink4"
## [424] "lightsalmon" "lightsalmon1" "lightsalmon2"
## [427] "lightsalmon3" "lightsalmon4" "lightseagreen"
## [430] "lightskyblue" "lightskyblue1" "lightskyblue2"
## [433] "lightskyblue3" "lightskyblue4" "lightslateblue"
## [436] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey" "lightsteelblue"
## [439] "lightsteelblue1" "lightsteelblue2" "lightsteelblue3"
## [442] "lightsteelblue4" "lightyellow" "lightyellow1"
## [445] "lightyellow2" "lightyellow3" "lightyellow4"
## [448] "limegreen" "linen" "magenta"
## [451] "magenta1" "magenta2" "magenta3"
## [454] "magenta4" "maroon" "maroon1"
## [457] "maroon2" "maroon3" "maroon4"
## [460] "mediumaquamarine" "mediumblue" "mediumorchid"
## [463] "mediumorchid1" "mediumorchid2" "mediumorchid3"
## [466] "mediumorchid4" "mediumpurple" "mediumpurple1"
## [469] "mediumpurple2" "mediumpurple3" "mediumpurple4"
## [472] "mediumseagreen" "mediumslateblue" "mediumspringgreen"
## [475] "mediumturquoise" "mediumvioletred" "midnightblue"
## [478] "mintcream" "mistyrose" "mistyrose1"
## [481] "mistyrose2" "mistyrose3" "mistyrose4"
## [484] "moccasin" "navajowhite" "navajowhite1"
## [487] "navajowhite2" "navajowhite3" "navajowhite4"
## [490] "navy" "navyblue" "oldlace"
## [493] "olivedrab" "olivedrab1" "olivedrab2"
## [496] "olivedrab3" "olivedrab4" "orange"
## [499] "orange1" "orange2" "orange3"
## [502] "orange4" "orangered" "orangered1"
## [505] "orangered2" "orangered3" "orangered4"
## [508] "orchid" "orchid1" "orchid2"
## [511] "orchid3" "orchid4" "palegoldenrod"
## [514] "palegreen" "palegreen1" "palegreen2"
## [517] "palegreen3" "palegreen4" "paleturquoise"
## [520] "paleturquoise1" "paleturquoise2" "paleturquoise3"
## [523] "paleturquoise4" "palevioletred" "palevioletred1"
## [526] "palevioletred2" "palevioletred3" "palevioletred4"
## [529] "papayawhip" "peachpuff" "peachpuff1"
## [532] "peachpuff2" "peachpuff3" "peachpuff4"
## [535] "peru" "pink" "pink1"
## [538] "pink2" "pink3" "pink4"
## [541] "plum" "plum1" "plum2"
## [544] "plum3" "plum4" "powderblue"
## [547] "purple" "purple1" "purple2"
## [550] "purple3" "purple4" "red"
## [553] "red1" "red2" "red3"
## [556] "red4" "rosybrown" "rosybrown1"
## [559] "rosybrown2" "rosybrown3" "rosybrown4"
## [562] "royalblue" "royalblue1" "royalblue2"
## [565] "royalblue3" "royalblue4" "saddlebrown"
## [568] "salmon" "salmon1" "salmon2"
## [571] "salmon3" "salmon4" "sandybrown"
## [574] "seagreen" "seagreen1" "seagreen2"
## [577] "seagreen3" "seagreen4" "seashell"
## [580] "seashell1" "seashell2" "seashell3"
## [583] "seashell4" "sienna" "sienna1"
## [586] "sienna2" "sienna3" "sienna4"
## [589] "skyblue" "skyblue1" "skyblue2"
## [592] "skyblue3" "skyblue4" "slateblue"
## [595] "slateblue1" "slateblue2" "slateblue3"
## [598] "slateblue4" "slategray" "slategray1"
## [601] "slategray2" "slategray3" "slategray4"
## [604] "slategrey" "snow" "snow1"
## [607] "snow2" "snow3" "snow4"
## [610] "springgreen" "springgreen1" "springgreen2"
## [613] "springgreen3" "springgreen4" "steelblue"
## [616] "steelblue1" "steelblue2" "steelblue3"
## [619] "steelblue4" "tan" "tan1"
## [622] "tan2" "tan3" "tan4"
## [625] "thistle" "thistle1" "thistle2"
## [628] "thistle3" "thistle4" "tomato"
## [631] "tomato1" "tomato2" "tomato3"
## [634] "tomato4" "turquoise" "turquoise1"
## [637] "turquoise2" "turquoise3" "turquoise4"
## [640] "violet" "violetred" "violetred1"
## [643] "violetred2" "violetred3" "violetred4"
## [646] "wheat" "wheat1" "wheat2"
## [649] "wheat3" "wheat4" "whitesmoke"
## [652] "yellow" "yellow1" "yellow2"
## [655] "yellow3" "yellow4" "yellowgreen"
as.data.frame(colors())
## colors()
## 1 white
## 2 aliceblue
## 3 antiquewhite
## 4 antiquewhite1
## 5 antiquewhite2
## 6 antiquewhite3
## 7 antiquewhite4
## 8 aquamarine
## 9 aquamarine1
## 10 aquamarine2
## 11 aquamarine3
## 12 aquamarine4
## 13 azure
## 14 azure1
## 15 azure2
## 16 azure3
## 17 azure4
## 18 beige
## 19 bisque
## 20 bisque1
## 21 bisque2
## 22 bisque3
## 23 bisque4
## 24 black
## 25 blanchedalmond
## 26 blue
## 27 blue1
## 28 blue2
## 29 blue3
## 30 blue4
## 31 blueviolet
## 32 brown
## 33 brown1
## 34 brown2
## 35 brown3
## 36 brown4
## 37 burlywood
## 38 burlywood1
## 39 burlywood2
## 40 burlywood3
## 41 burlywood4
## 42 cadetblue
## 43 cadetblue1
## 44 cadetblue2
## 45 cadetblue3
## 46 cadetblue4
## 47 chartreuse
## 48 chartreuse1
## 49 chartreuse2
## 50 chartreuse3
## 51 chartreuse4
## 52 chocolate
## 53 chocolate1
## 54 chocolate2
## 55 chocolate3
## 56 chocolate4
## 57 coral
## 58 coral1
## 59 coral2
## 60 coral3
## 61 coral4
## 62 cornflowerblue
## 63 cornsilk
## 64 cornsilk1
## 65 cornsilk2
## 66 cornsilk3
## 67 cornsilk4
## 68 cyan
## 69 cyan1
## 70 cyan2
## 71 cyan3
## 72 cyan4
## 73 darkblue
## 74 darkcyan
## 75 darkgoldenrod
## 76 darkgoldenrod1
## 77 darkgoldenrod2
## 78 darkgoldenrod3
## 79 darkgoldenrod4
## 80 darkgray
## 81 darkgreen
## 82 darkgrey
## 83 darkkhaki
## 84 darkmagenta
## 85 darkolivegreen
## 86 darkolivegreen1
## 87 darkolivegreen2
## 88 darkolivegreen3
## 89 darkolivegreen4
## 90 darkorange
## 91 darkorange1
## 92 darkorange2
## 93 darkorange3
## 94 darkorange4
## 95 darkorchid
## 96 darkorchid1
## 97 darkorchid2
## 98 darkorchid3
## 99 darkorchid4
## 100 darkred
## 101 darksalmon
## 102 darkseagreen
## 103 darkseagreen1
## 104 darkseagreen2
## 105 darkseagreen3
## 106 darkseagreen4
## 107 darkslateblue
## 108 darkslategray
## 109 darkslategray1
## 110 darkslategray2
## 111 darkslategray3
## 112 darkslategray4
## 113 darkslategrey
## 114 darkturquoise
## 115 darkviolet
## 116 deeppink
## 117 deeppink1
## 118 deeppink2
## 119 deeppink3
## 120 deeppink4
## 121 deepskyblue
## 122 deepskyblue1
## 123 deepskyblue2
## 124 deepskyblue3
## 125 deepskyblue4
## 126 dimgray
## 127 dimgrey
## 128 dodgerblue
## 129 dodgerblue1
## 130 dodgerblue2
## 131 dodgerblue3
## 132 dodgerblue4
## 133 firebrick
## 134 firebrick1
## 135 firebrick2
## 136 firebrick3
## 137 firebrick4
## 138 floralwhite
## 139 forestgreen
## 140 gainsboro
## 141 ghostwhite
## 142 gold
## 143 gold1
## 144 gold2
## 145 gold3
## 146 gold4
## 147 goldenrod
## 148 goldenrod1
## 149 goldenrod2
## 150 goldenrod3
## 151 goldenrod4
## 152 gray
## 153 gray0
## 154 gray1
## 155 gray2
## 156 gray3
## 157 gray4
## 158 gray5
## 159 gray6
## 160 gray7
## 161 gray8
## 162 gray9
## 163 gray10
## 164 gray11
## 165 gray12
## 166 gray13
## 167 gray14
## 168 gray15
## 169 gray16
## 170 gray17
## 171 gray18
## 172 gray19
## 173 gray20
## 174 gray21
## 175 gray22
## 176 gray23
## 177 gray24
## 178 gray25
## 179 gray26
## 180 gray27
## 181 gray28
## 182 gray29
## 183 gray30
## 184 gray31
## 185 gray32
## 186 gray33
## 187 gray34
## 188 gray35
## 189 gray36
## 190 gray37
## 191 gray38
## 192 gray39
## 193 gray40
## 194 gray41
## 195 gray42
## 196 gray43
## 197 gray44
## 198 gray45
## 199 gray46
## 200 gray47
## 201 gray48
## 202 gray49
## 203 gray50
## 204 gray51
## 205 gray52
## 206 gray53
## 207 gray54
## 208 gray55
## 209 gray56
## 210 gray57
## 211 gray58
## 212 gray59
## 213 gray60
## 214 gray61
## 215 gray62
## 216 gray63
## 217 gray64
## 218 gray65
## 219 gray66
## 220 gray67
## 221 gray68
## 222 gray69
## 223 gray70
## 224 gray71
## 225 gray72
## 226 gray73
## 227 gray74
## 228 gray75
## 229 gray76
## 230 gray77
## 231 gray78
## 232 gray79
## 233 gray80
## 234 gray81
## 235 gray82
## 236 gray83
## 237 gray84
## 238 gray85
## 239 gray86
## 240 gray87
## 241 gray88
## 242 gray89
## 243 gray90
## 244 gray91
## 245 gray92
## 246 gray93
## 247 gray94
## 248 gray95
## 249 gray96
## 250 gray97
## 251 gray98
## 252 gray99
## 253 gray100
## 254 green
## 255 green1
## 256 green2
## 257 green3
## 258 green4
## 259 greenyellow
## 260 grey
## 261 grey0
## 262 grey1
## 263 grey2
## 264 grey3
## 265 grey4
## 266 grey5
## 267 grey6
## 268 grey7
## 269 grey8
## 270 grey9
## 271 grey10
## 272 grey11
## 273 grey12
## 274 grey13
## 275 grey14
## 276 grey15
## 277 grey16
## 278 grey17
## 279 grey18
## 280 grey19
## 281 grey20
## 282 grey21
## 283 grey22
## 284 grey23
## 285 grey24
## 286 grey25
## 287 grey26
## 288 grey27
## 289 grey28
## 290 grey29
## 291 grey30
## 292 grey31
## 293 grey32
## 294 grey33
## 295 grey34
## 296 grey35
## 297 grey36
## 298 grey37
## 299 grey38
## 300 grey39
## 301 grey40
## 302 grey41
## 303 grey42
## 304 grey43
## 305 grey44
## 306 grey45
## 307 grey46
## 308 grey47
## 309 grey48
## 310 grey49
## 311 grey50
## 312 grey51
## 313 grey52
## 314 grey53
## 315 grey54
## 316 grey55
## 317 grey56
## 318 grey57
## 319 grey58
## 320 grey59
## 321 grey60
## 322 grey61
## 323 grey62
## 324 grey63
## 325 grey64
## 326 grey65
## 327 grey66
## 328 grey67
## 329 grey68
## 330 grey69
## 331 grey70
## 332 grey71
## 333 grey72
## 334 grey73
## 335 grey74
## 336 grey75
## 337 grey76
## 338 grey77
## 339 grey78
## 340 grey79
## 341 grey80
## 342 grey81
## 343 grey82
## 344 grey83
## 345 grey84
## 346 grey85
## 347 grey86
## 348 grey87
## 349 grey88
## 350 grey89
## 351 grey90
## 352 grey91
## 353 grey92
## 354 grey93
## 355 grey94
## 356 grey95
## 357 grey96
## 358 grey97
## 359 grey98
## 360 grey99
## 361 grey100
## 362 honeydew
## 363 honeydew1
## 364 honeydew2
## 365 honeydew3
## 366 honeydew4
## 367 hotpink
## 368 hotpink1
## 369 hotpink2
## 370 hotpink3
## 371 hotpink4
## 372 indianred
## 373 indianred1
## 374 indianred2
## 375 indianred3
## 376 indianred4
## 377 ivory
## 378 ivory1
## 379 ivory2
## 380 ivory3
## 381 ivory4
## 382 khaki
## 383 khaki1
## 384 khaki2
## 385 khaki3
## 386 khaki4
## 387 lavender
## 388 lavenderblush
## 389 lavenderblush1
## 390 lavenderblush2
## 391 lavenderblush3
## 392 lavenderblush4
## 393 lawngreen
## 394 lemonchiffon
## 395 lemonchiffon1
## 396 lemonchiffon2
## 397 lemonchiffon3
## 398 lemonchiffon4
## 399 lightblue
## 400 lightblue1
## 401 lightblue2
## 402 lightblue3
## 403 lightblue4
## 404 lightcoral
## 405 lightcyan
## 406 lightcyan1
## 407 lightcyan2
## 408 lightcyan3
## 409 lightcyan4
## 410 lightgoldenrod
## 411 lightgoldenrod1
## 412 lightgoldenrod2
## 413 lightgoldenrod3
## 414 lightgoldenrod4
## 415 lightgoldenrodyellow
## 416 lightgray
## 417 lightgreen
## 418 lightgrey
## 419 lightpink
## 420 lightpink1
## 421 lightpink2
## 422 lightpink3
## 423 lightpink4
## 424 lightsalmon
## 425 lightsalmon1
## 426 lightsalmon2
## 427 lightsalmon3
## 428 lightsalmon4
## 429 lightseagreen
## 430 lightskyblue
## 431 lightskyblue1
## 432 lightskyblue2
## 433 lightskyblue3
## 434 lightskyblue4
## 435 lightslateblue
## 436 lightslategray
## 437 lightslategrey
## 438 lightsteelblue
## 439 lightsteelblue1
## 440 lightsteelblue2
## 441 lightsteelblue3
## 442 lightsteelblue4
## 443 lightyellow
## 444 lightyellow1
## 445 lightyellow2
## 446 lightyellow3
## 447 lightyellow4
## 448 limegreen
## 449 linen
## 450 magenta
## 451 magenta1
## 452 magenta2
## 453 magenta3
## 454 magenta4
## 455 maroon
## 456 maroon1
## 457 maroon2
## 458 maroon3
## 459 maroon4
## 460 mediumaquamarine
## 461 mediumblue
## 462 mediumorchid
## 463 mediumorchid1
## 464 mediumorchid2
## 465 mediumorchid3
## 466 mediumorchid4
## 467 mediumpurple
## 468 mediumpurple1
## 469 mediumpurple2
## 470 mediumpurple3
## 471 mediumpurple4
## 472 mediumseagreen
## 473 mediumslateblue
## 474 mediumspringgreen
## 475 mediumturquoise
## 476 mediumvioletred
## 477 midnightblue
## 478 mintcream
## 479 mistyrose
## 480 mistyrose1
## 481 mistyrose2
## 482 mistyrose3
## 483 mistyrose4
## 484 moccasin
## 485 navajowhite
## 486 navajowhite1
## 487 navajowhite2
## 488 navajowhite3
## 489 navajowhite4
## 490 navy
## 491 navyblue
## 492 oldlace
## 493 olivedrab
## 494 olivedrab1
## 495 olivedrab2
## 496 olivedrab3
## 497 olivedrab4
## 498 orange
## 499 orange1
## 500 orange2
## 501 orange3
## 502 orange4
## 503 orangered
## 504 orangered1
## 505 orangered2
## 506 orangered3
## 507 orangered4
## 508 orchid
## 509 orchid1
## 510 orchid2
## 511 orchid3
## 512 orchid4
## 513 palegoldenrod
## 514 palegreen
## 515 palegreen1
## 516 palegreen2
## 517 palegreen3
## 518 palegreen4
## 519 paleturquoise
## 520 paleturquoise1
## 521 paleturquoise2
## 522 paleturquoise3
## 523 paleturquoise4
## 524 palevioletred
## 525 palevioletred1
## 526 palevioletred2
## 527 palevioletred3
## 528 palevioletred4
## 529 papayawhip
## 530 peachpuff
## 531 peachpuff1
## 532 peachpuff2
## 533 peachpuff3
## 534 peachpuff4
## 535 peru
## 536 pink
## 537 pink1
## 538 pink2
## 539 pink3
## 540 pink4
## 541 plum
## 542 plum1
## 543 plum2
## 544 plum3
## 545 plum4
## 546 powderblue
## 547 purple
## 548 purple1
## 549 purple2
## 550 purple3
## 551 purple4
## 552 red
## 553 red1
## 554 red2
## 555 red3
## 556 red4
## 557 rosybrown
## 558 rosybrown1
## 559 rosybrown2
## 560 rosybrown3
## 561 rosybrown4
## 562 royalblue
## 563 royalblue1
## 564 royalblue2
## 565 royalblue3
## 566 royalblue4
## 567 saddlebrown
## 568 salmon
## 569 salmon1
## 570 salmon2
## 571 salmon3
## 572 salmon4
## 573 sandybrown
## 574 seagreen
## 575 seagreen1
## 576 seagreen2
## 577 seagreen3
## 578 seagreen4
## 579 seashell
## 580 seashell1
## 581 seashell2
## 582 seashell3
## 583 seashell4
## 584 sienna
## 585 sienna1
## 586 sienna2
## 587 sienna3
## 588 sienna4
## 589 skyblue
## 590 skyblue1
## 591 skyblue2
## 592 skyblue3
## 593 skyblue4
## 594 slateblue
## 595 slateblue1
## 596 slateblue2
## 597 slateblue3
## 598 slateblue4
## 599 slategray
## 600 slategray1
## 601 slategray2
## 602 slategray3
## 603 slategray4
## 604 slategrey
## 605 snow
## 606 snow1
## 607 snow2
## 608 snow3
## 609 snow4
## 610 springgreen
## 611 springgreen1
## 612 springgreen2
## 613 springgreen3
## 614 springgreen4
## 615 steelblue
## 616 steelblue1
## 617 steelblue2
## 618 steelblue3
## 619 steelblue4
## 620 tan
## 621 tan1
## 622 tan2
## 623 tan3
## 624 tan4
## 625 thistle
## 626 thistle1
## 627 thistle2
## 628 thistle3
## 629 thistle4
## 630 tomato
## 631 tomato1
## 632 tomato2
## 633 tomato3
## 634 tomato4
## 635 turquoise
## 636 turquoise1
## 637 turquoise2
## 638 turquoise3
## 639 turquoise4
## 640 violet
## 641 violetred
## 642 violetred1
## 643 violetred2
## 644 violetred3
## 645 violetred4
## 646 wheat
## 647 wheat1
## 648 wheat2
## 649 wheat3
## 650 wheat4
## 651 whitesmoke
## 652 yellow
## 653 yellow1
## 654 yellow2
## 655 yellow3
## 656 yellow4
## 657 yellowgreen
par(bg="turquoise")
data(mtcars) #MTCARS
plot(mtcars)
plot(mtcars$mpg) #MPG
plot(sort(mtcars$mpg)) #MPG
boxplot(mtcars$mpg) #MPG
plot(density(mtcars$mpg))
hist(mtcars$mpg)
hist(mtcars$mpg,
breaks=16,
col = "yellowgreen",
main= "My New Graph",
xlab = "Mileage in miles per gallon",
ylab = "Frequency")
plot(mtcars$mpg,mtcars$gear) #MPG versus GEAR
boxplot(mtcars$mpg~mtcars$gear) #MPG versus GEAR
data("anscombe")
head(anscombe)
## x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4
## 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58
## 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76
## 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71
## 4 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84
## 5 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47
## 6 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04
attach(anscombe)
mean(x1)
## [1] 9
mean(y1)
## [1] 7.500909
mean(x2)
## [1] 9
mean(y2)
## [1] 7.500909
mean(x3)
## [1] 9
mean(y3)
## [1] 7.5
mean(x4)
## [1] 9
mean(y4)
## [1] 7.500909
sd(x1)
## [1] 3.316625
sd(y1)
## [1] 2.031568
sd(x2)
## [1] 3.316625
sd(y2)
## [1] 2.031657
sd(x3)
## [1] 3.316625
sd(y3)
## [1] 2.030424
sd(x4)
## [1] 3.316625
sd(y4)
## [1] 2.030579
cor(x1,y1)
## [1] 0.8164205
cor(x2,y2)
## [1] 0.8162365
cor(x3,y3)
## [1] 0.8162867
cor(x4,y4)
## [1] 0.8165214
par(bg="white")
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(x1,y1)
plot(x2,y2)
plot(x3,y3)
plot(x4,y4)
data(iris)
plot(iris$Sepal.Length)
plot(iris$Sepal.Length,
iris$Species)
plot(iris$Species,
iris$Sepal.Length)
plot(iris)
plot(iris$Sepal.Length
,type='l')
plot(AirPassengers,type='l')
boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)
summary(iris$Sepal.Length)
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 4.300 5.100 5.800 5.843 6.400 7.900
fivenum(iris$Sepal.Length)
## [1] 4.3 5.1 5.8 6.4 7.9
data(mtcars)
head(mtcars)
## mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
## Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
## Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
## Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
## Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
## Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
attach(mtcars)
#boxplot mtcars hp with respect to cylinders
boxplot(hp~cyl)
boxplot(mpg~cyl)
barplot(iris$Sepal.Length)
barplot(table(iris$Species,
iris$Sepal.Length),col = rainbow(3))
#prefer barplot to piechart
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
barplot(table(iris$Species))
pie(table(iris$Species))
barplot(table(cyl))
pie(table(cyl))
barplot(table(gear))
pie(table(gear))
barplot(table(cyl,
mpg))
barplot(table(gear,
mpg))
boxplot(mtcars$hp,
mtcars$cyl)
boxplot(hp)
boxplot(cyl)
boxplot(mtcars$hp~
mtcars$cyl)
hist(mpg)
hist(mpg,breaks=10)
hist(mpg)
rug(mpg)
plot(density(mpg))
rug(mpg)
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
par(bg="grey")
attach(iris)
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
col="yellow")
iris$Sepal.Length
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4
## [18] 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5
## [35] 4.9 5.0 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0
## [52] 6.4 6.9 5.5 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8
## [69] 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4
## [86] 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8
## [103] 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7
## [120] 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7
## [137] 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9
#attach(iris) What does attach do?
par(bg="yellow")
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph")
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm")
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm",
col="green")
par(bg="white")
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm",
col="green")
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm",
col="green",
xlim=c(0.1,2.5))
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm",
col="green",
xlim=c(0.1,2.5),
ylib=c(3,10))
boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species,
main="My First Graph",
xlab="Species of Flowers",
ylab=" Measurement in mm",
col="green",
xlim=c(0.1,1.5),
ylib=c(3,6.5))
par(mfrow=c(4,2))
hist(mpg,col=topo.colors(4))
hist(mpg,col=topo.colors(8))
hist(mpg,col=topo.colors(4,0.1))
hist(mpg,col=cm.colors(4))
hist(mpg,col=heat.colors(4))
hist(mpg,col=terrain.colors(4))
hist(mpg,col=terrain.colors(8))
library(RColorBrewer)
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
display.brewer.all()
par(mfrow=c(3,3))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"PuBu"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"BrBG"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Dark2"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"PuRd"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Purples"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Spectral"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"OrRd"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Accent"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Pastel2"))
par(mfrow=c(3,3))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Blues"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greens"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greys"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Reds"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Oranges"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Set1"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Set2"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Set3"))
hist(mpg,col=brewer.pal(8,"Pastel1"))
