Question 1: Net slaves imported to the US (gross imports minus
re-exports)
## Gross slaves imported to the US: 395919
## Slaves re-exported from the US: 7652
## Net slaves retained in the US: 388267
Question 2: Proportion of all slaves taken from Africa (using net
US)
## Proportion of all slaves taken from Africa (net US): 0.05107614
Question 3: Graph slave imports by decade to the US (plotting as a
bar graph)
Question 4: Imports by decade to the US by decade and
region/port/state (using a table and faceted bar plot)
Question 5: Countries participating in export from Africa by decade
(displayed in a table)
## # A tibble: 203 × 4
## decade voyage_ship__imputed_nationality__name voyages total_embarked
## <dbl> <chr> <int> <dbl>
## 1 1510 Unknown 9 223
## 2 1510 Spain / Uruguay 8 144
## 3 1520 Spain / Uruguay 3 1043
## 4 1520 Unknown 2 373
## 5 1530 Unknown 8 1418
## 6 1530 Portugal / Brazil 2 560
## 7 1530 Spain / Uruguay 1 224
## 8 1540 Unknown 23 7750
## 9 1540 Portugal / Brazil 1 160
## 10 1550 Unknown 27 9390
## 11 1550 Portugal / Brazil 2 718
## 12 1560 Unknown 37 8640
## 13 1560 Great Britain 17 1749
## 14 1560 Spain 1 400
## 15 1560 Spain / Uruguay 1 208
## # ℹ 188 more rows
Summary
The United States received 388,267 net slaves, about 5.1% of the
total slaves shipped from Africa. Major ports included New Orleans,
Charleston, Savannah, Baltimore, and Boston, capturing regional trends.
Major early African exports were dominated by Spain, Portugal, and
unknown sources, followed later by Great Britain and others. The
research combines voyage records, national involvement, and slave
numbers to present a clear image of the size, geography, and global
involvement in the historical slave trade.