library(tidyverse)
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## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.2 ✔ tibble 3.3.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.1.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(pastecs)
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## Attaching package: 'pastecs'
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## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
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## first, last
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## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':
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## extract
cars_data<-mtcars
stat.desc(cars_data$disp,norm=T)
## nbr.val nbr.null nbr.na min max
## 3.200000e+01 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 7.110000e+01 4.720000e+02
## range sum median mean SE.mean
## 4.009000e+02 7.383100e+03 1.963000e+02 2.307219e+02 2.190947e+01
## CI.mean.0.95 var std.dev coef.var skewness
## 4.468466e+01 1.536080e+04 1.239387e+02 5.371779e-01 3.816570e-01
## skew.2SE kurtosis kurt.2SE normtest.W normtest.p
## 4.604298e-01 -1.207212e+00 -7.457714e-01 9.200127e-01 2.080657e-02
summary(cars_data)
## mpg cyl disp hp
## Min. :10.40 Min. :4.000 Min. : 71.1 Min. : 52.0
## 1st Qu.:15.43 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:120.8 1st Qu.: 96.5
## Median :19.20 Median :6.000 Median :196.3 Median :123.0
## Mean :20.09 Mean :6.188 Mean :230.7 Mean :146.7
## 3rd Qu.:22.80 3rd Qu.:8.000 3rd Qu.:326.0 3rd Qu.:180.0
## Max. :33.90 Max. :8.000 Max. :472.0 Max. :335.0
## drat wt qsec vs
## Min. :2.760 Min. :1.513 Min. :14.50 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.:3.080 1st Qu.:2.581 1st Qu.:16.89 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Median :3.695 Median :3.325 Median :17.71 Median :0.0000
## Mean :3.597 Mean :3.217 Mean :17.85 Mean :0.4375
## 3rd Qu.:3.920 3rd Qu.:3.610 3rd Qu.:18.90 3rd Qu.:1.0000
## Max. :4.930 Max. :5.424 Max. :22.90 Max. :1.0000
## am gear carb
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :3.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:2.000
## Median :0.0000 Median :4.000 Median :2.000
## Mean :0.4062 Mean :3.688 Mean :2.812
## 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:4.000 3rd Qu.:4.000
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :5.000 Max. :8.000
hist(cars_data$disp)
cars_data_transformed<-cars_data |> mutate(disp_log=log(disp))
hist(cars_data_transformed$disp_log)
