28*8
## [1] 224
64/4
## [1] 16
25+25
## [1] 50
x <- 8
x
## [1] 8
X <- -5
X
## [1] -5
"wawa"
## [1] "wawa"
getwd()
## [1] "C:/Users/Lenovo/Downloads"

Mengecek tipe data

z <- 5L
class (z)
## [1] "integer"
x <- 5
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"

Contoh Pembuatan Objek

character

nama <- "Universitas Negeri Semarang"

numeric

angka <- 13

Mengecek tipe data

nama <- "wawa"
class(nama)
## [1] "character"

menghitung jumlah karakter

teks <- "Nasywaa Desfiana"
nchar(teks)
## [1] 16

menggabungkan string

nama_depan <- "Kim"
nama_belakang <- "Doyoung"
paste(nama_depan, nama_belakang)
## [1] "Kim Doyoung"
paste0(nama_depan, nama_belakang)
## [1] "KimDoyoung"
paste(nama_depan, nama_belakang, sep = "_")
## [1] "Kim_Doyoung"

Mengambil Bagian dari String

kalimat <- "nasywaa desfiana"
substr(kalimat, start = 8, stop = 16)
## [1] " desfiana"
substring(kalimat, first = 14)
## [1] "ana"

Vektor

Combine

angka <- c(6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
angka
## [1]  6  7  8  9 10

Sequence

angka <- seq(1, 20, by = 3)
angka
## [1]  1  4  7 10 13 16 19

Repeat

angka <- rep(c(1, 3, 5), times = 3)
angka
## [1] 1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5
angka <- rep(c(1,2,3), each = 3)
angka
## [1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3

Factor

c ## R Markdown

pendidikan <- factor(c("SD", "SMP", "SMA", "SMK"))
pendidikan
## [1] SD  SMP SMA SMK
## Levels: SD SMA SMK SMP
factor(pendidikan, levels = c("SD", "SMP", "SMA"), ordered = TRUE) 
## [1] SD   SMP  SMA  <NA>
## Levels: SD < SMP < SMA

Matrix

matriks1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow = 2, ncol = 3) 
matriks1
##      [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,]    1    3    5
## [2,]    2    4    6
matriks2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE) 
matriks2
##      [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,]    1    2    3
## [2,]    4    5    6
matriks4 <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3) 
matriks4[2,3]
## [1] 8

Membuat data frame

nama <- c("ara", "awa", "afi") 
umur <- c(19, 18, 17) 
jurusan <- c("Statistika", "Statistika", "Statistika")
df <- data.frame(Nama = nama, Umur = umur, Jurusan = jurusan)
df
##   Nama Umur    Jurusan
## 1  ara   19 Statistika
## 2  awa   18 Statistika
## 3  afi   17 Statistika
df$Nama
## [1] "ara" "awa" "afi"
df$Umur
## [1] 19 18 17
df$Jurusan
## [1] "Statistika" "Statistika" "Statistika"
df[, 2] 
## [1] 19 18 17
df[2, ] 
##   Nama Umur    Jurusan
## 2  awa   18 Statistika

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