Overview

This file contains a set of tasks that you need to complete in R for the lab assignment. The tasks may require you to add a code chuck, type code into a chunk, and/or execute code. Some tasks may also ask you to answer specific questions. Don’t forget that you need to acknowledge if you used any resources beyond class materials or got help to complete the assignment.

Additional information and examples relevant to this assignment can be found in the file “PlayingWithDataTutorial.html”.

The data set you will use is different than the one used in the instructions. Pay attention to the differences in the Excel files name, any variable names, and/or object names. You will need to adjust your code accordingly.

Once you have completed the assignment, you will need to knit this R Markdown file to produce an html file. You will then need to upload the .html file and this .Rmd file to AsULearn. Additionally, for this assignment you will upload the Excel file you created.

1. Add your name and the date

The first thing you need to do in this file is to add your name and date in the lines underneath this document’s title (see the code in lines 10 and 11).

2. Getting started

Insert a chunk of code in this section to identify and set your working directory and load packages. We will use the same three packages we did in the last lab: openxlsx, dplyr and tidyverse.

getwd()

## [1] "/Users/annabellethiem/Desktop/Research Methods 2025/PlayingWithDataFall2025"

setwd("/Users/annabellethiem/Desktop/Research Methods 2025/PlayingWithDataFall2025")

library(openxlsx)
library(tidyverse)

## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2   3.5.2     ✔ tibble    3.3.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ✔ purrr     1.1.0     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(dplyr)

3. Load Two Data Sets

Insert a chunk of code in this section to load your data. The Excel file for this assignment has two sheets: grades and attendance. Sheet 1 contains the grades data and Sheet 2 contains the attendance data. You will want to load each sheet into R as separate data objects. The name of the Excel file is different than what is in the instructions. Accordingly, you will need to adjust the code to read in the Excel file that was downloaded as part of the zip file.

GradeBook <- read.xlsx("GradeBook.xlsx" , sheet = 1)

Attendance <- read.xlsx("GradeBook.xlsx" , sheet = 2)

4. Take a look at your data

Insert a chunk of code in this section and display the first 15 observations of each data set.

head(GradeBook, 15)

##          X1 Midterm.1 Midterm.2 Assignment.1 Assignment.2 Assignment.3    Final
## 1      Noah  15.00000  12.00000     5.000000     8.000000     5.661442 30.00000
## 2      Jack  11.00478  15.00000     6.771172    10.000000     8.000000 26.00000
## 3     Emily  20.00000  20.00000     8.000000     8.000000     8.154995 20.00000
## 4     Colin  20.00000  17.00000     8.000000     5.000000     8.673615 25.00000
## 5    Hannah  10.00000  17.00000     6.802136     9.604730    10.000000 20.00000
## 6    Aubrie  20.00000  14.00000     5.000000     6.000000     6.000000 17.78453
## 7    Olivia  14.00000  17.72971    10.000000     7.000000     6.000000 26.00000
## 8    Duncan   9.62783  16.00000     7.000000     8.065708     8.000000 18.95910
## 9     Katie  19.00000  12.00000     9.000000     8.000000     8.967217 20.00000
## 10  Jackson  17.00000  15.00000     8.000000     6.000000     2.549882 25.00000
## 11 Victoria  11.00000   9.93236     8.000000    10.000000     6.701154 26.00000
## 12  Matthew  10.00000  13.00000    10.000000     9.000000    10.000000 26.00000
## 13  Michael   7.00000  11.00000     8.000000    10.000000    10.000000 18.00000
## 14   Olivia  14.00000  12.00000     6.000000     7.000000     8.000000 29.00000
## 15 Samantha   6.00000  10.00000     6.000000     8.000000     6.000000 19.00000

head(Attendance, 15)

##        Name 1 2 3 4 5
## 1      Noah 1 1 1 1 1
## 2      Jack 0 1 1 1 1
## 3     Emily 1 1 0 0 1
## 4     Colin 1 0 1 1 1
## 5    Hannah 1 1 0 1 1
## 6    Aubrie 1 1 1 1 1
## 7    Olivia 1 1 1 1 1
## 8    Duncan 0 1 0 0 1
## 9     Katie 1 1 1 1 1
## 10  Jackson 1 0 1 1 1
## 11 Victoria 1 1 1 1 1
## 12  Matthew 1 1 0 1 0
## 13  Michael 0 1 1 1 1
## 14   Olivia 1 1 1 1 1
## 15 Samantha 1 0 1 1 1

5. Rename Variables

You will need to insert chunks of code and rename variables in your data sets in this section. I recommend trying to do only one thing per chunk of code.

In the attendance data set, you will need to rename the variables that are currently numbers into text. In the instructions, I called each variable Class and then the number of that class, for example Class1. Instead of using the same variable name as I did, you should call each variable a Meeting.

Attendance %>%
  rename(Meeting1 = "1",
         Meeting2 = "2",
         Meeting3 = "3",
         Meeting4 = "4",
         Meeting5 = "5") -> Attendance

In the grade book data set, rename the variables so that they do not have a . in their names.

GradeBook %>% 
  rename(Name = "X1", 
         Midterm1 = "Midterm.1", 
         Midterm2 = "Midterm.2", 
         Assignment1 = "Assignment.1", 
         Assignment2 = "Assignment.2", 
         Assignment3 = "Assignment.3", 
         Final = "Final") -> GradeBook

After renaming the variables, look at the first 15 observations for each data set.

head(Attendance, 15)

##        Name Meeting1 Meeting2 Meeting3 Meeting4 Meeting5
## 1      Noah        1        1        1        1        1
## 2      Jack        0        1        1        1        1
## 3     Emily        1        1        0        0        1
## 4     Colin        1        0        1        1        1
## 5    Hannah        1        1        0        1        1
## 6    Aubrie        1        1        1        1        1
## 7    Olivia        1        1        1        1        1
## 8    Duncan        0        1        0        0        1
## 9     Katie        1        1        1        1        1
## 10  Jackson        1        0        1        1        1
## 11 Victoria        1        1        1        1        1
## 12  Matthew        1        1        0        1        0
## 13  Michael        0        1        1        1        1
## 14   Olivia        1        1        1        1        1
## 15 Samantha        1        0        1        1        1

head(GradeBook, 15)

##        Name Midterm1 Midterm2 Assignment1 Assignment2 Assignment3    Final
## 1      Noah 15.00000 12.00000    5.000000    8.000000    5.661442 30.00000
## 2      Jack 11.00478 15.00000    6.771172   10.000000    8.000000 26.00000
## 3     Emily 20.00000 20.00000    8.000000    8.000000    8.154995 20.00000
## 4     Colin 20.00000 17.00000    8.000000    5.000000    8.673615 25.00000
## 5    Hannah 10.00000 17.00000    6.802136    9.604730   10.000000 20.00000
## 6    Aubrie 20.00000 14.00000    5.000000    6.000000    6.000000 17.78453
## 7    Olivia 14.00000 17.72971   10.000000    7.000000    6.000000 26.00000
## 8    Duncan  9.62783 16.00000    7.000000    8.065708    8.000000 18.95910
## 9     Katie 19.00000 12.00000    9.000000    8.000000    8.967217 20.00000
## 10  Jackson 17.00000 15.00000    8.000000    6.000000    2.549882 25.00000
## 11 Victoria 11.00000  9.93236    8.000000   10.000000    6.701154 26.00000
## 12  Matthew 10.00000 13.00000   10.000000    9.000000   10.000000 26.00000
## 13  Michael  7.00000 11.00000    8.000000   10.000000   10.000000 18.00000
## 14   Olivia 14.00000 12.00000    6.000000    7.000000    8.000000 29.00000
## 15 Samantha  6.00000 10.00000    6.000000    8.000000    6.000000 19.00000

6. Creating New Attendance Variables

In this section, insert chunks and create the following variables in your attendance data set.

Total number of classes attended.

Attendance  %>%
  mutate(Present = (Meeting1 + Meeting2 + Meeting3 + Meeting4 + Meeting5)) -> Attendance

Total number of classes absent. There are a total of 5 classes that students could potentially attend.

Attendance  %>%
  mutate(Absent = 5 - (Meeting1 + Meeting2 + Meeting3 + Meeting4 + Meeting5)) -> Attendance

Total number of unexcused absences. Students are allowed up to 2 excused absences.

Attendance %>%
  mutate(UnexcusedAbsent = Absent - 2) -> Attendance

Penalty on grade for unexcused absences. For each unexcused absence, a student’s grade will be penalized 0.5 points. Based on the number of unexcused absences, calculate the total penalty that should be applied to their grade.

Attendance %>%
  mutate(Penalty = UnexcusedAbsent * 0.5) -> Attendance

After you have completed these calculations, take a look at the first 15 observations in your data set.

head(Attendance, 15)

##        Name Meeting1 Meeting2 Meeting3 Meeting4 Meeting5 Present Absent
## 1      Noah        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 2      Jack        0        1        1        1        1       4      1
## 3     Emily        1        1        0        0        1       3      2
## 4     Colin        1        0        1        1        1       4      1
## 5    Hannah        1        1        0        1        1       4      1
## 6    Aubrie        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 7    Olivia        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 8    Duncan        0        1        0        0        1       2      3
## 9     Katie        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 10  Jackson        1        0        1        1        1       4      1
## 11 Victoria        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 12  Matthew        1        1        0        1        0       3      2
## 13  Michael        0        1        1        1        1       4      1
## 14   Olivia        1        1        1        1        1       5      0
## 15 Samantha        1        0        1        1        1       4      1
##    UnexcusedAbsent Penalty
## 1               -2    -1.0
## 2               -1    -0.5
## 3                0     0.0
## 4               -1    -0.5
## 5               -1    -0.5
## 6               -2    -1.0
## 7               -2    -1.0
## 8                1     0.5
## 9               -2    -1.0
## 10              -1    -0.5
## 11              -2    -1.0
## 12               0     0.0
## 13              -1    -0.5
## 14              -2    -1.0
## 15              -1    -0.5

7. Create New Grade Variables

In this section, insert chunks and create the following variables in your grade book data set.

Each assignment in class is worth 10 points. Create a new variable for each assignment where you convert the raw score into a percentage.

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerAssign1 = (Assignment1/10)*100) -> GradeBook

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerAssign2 = (Assignment2/10)*100) -> GradeBook

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerAssign3 = (Assignment3/10)*100) -> GradeBook

Each midterm in the class is worth 20 points. Create a new variable for each midterm where you convert the raw score into a percentage.

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerMT1 = (Midterm1/20)*100) -> GradeBook

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerMT2 = (Midterm2/20)*100) -> GradeBook

The final exam is worth 30 points. Create a new variable for the final where you convert the raw score into a percentage.

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(PerFinal = (Final/30)*100) -> GradeBook

There are multiple ways one can calculate the overall grade for the class. You are going to calculate the final grade in two different ways.

You should provide equal weight to each item in the class regardless of the number of points it was originally worth. To do this, you should add together the percentage grades that you calculated and divide by 600 (you have 6 assignments, each one is worth up to 100 points once the grades were converted to percents).

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(FinalGrade_EqualWeight = 
           (PerMT1 + PerMT2 + PerAssign1 + PerAssign2 + PerAssign3 + PerFinal) / 600 * 100) -> GradeBook

print(GradeBook$FinalGrade_EqualWeight)

##  [1] 70.26907 77.40038 84.70277 80.84491 77.62255 66.54696 79.21920 70.33221
##  [9] 80.22314 68.13869 73.05667 81.94444 71.66667 72.77778 57.22222 73.05556

You should weight items based on the number of points each was originally worth. The most straightforward way to do this is to add together the raw scores for each item and then divide by the total number of points possible. You already have the information you need to calculate the total number of points possible because you know how many points each type of assignment is worth and you know how many of each type of assignment is in the grade book.

GradeBook %>%
  mutate(FinalGrade_RawScore = 
           (PerMT1 + PerMT2 + PerAssign1 + PerAssign2 + PerAssign3 + PerFinal) /100 ) -> GradeBook
print(GradeBook$FinalGrade_RawScore)

##  [1] 4.216144 4.644023 5.082166 4.850695 4.657353 3.992818 4.753152 4.219932
##  [9] 4.813388 4.088322 4.383400 4.916667 4.300000 4.366667 3.433333 4.383333

After you have completed these calucations, take a look at the first 15 observations in your data set.

head(GradeBook, 15)

##        Name Midterm1 Midterm2 Assignment1 Assignment2 Assignment3    Final
## 1      Noah 15.00000 12.00000    5.000000    8.000000    5.661442 30.00000
## 2      Jack 11.00478 15.00000    6.771172   10.000000    8.000000 26.00000
## 3     Emily 20.00000 20.00000    8.000000    8.000000    8.154995 20.00000
## 4     Colin 20.00000 17.00000    8.000000    5.000000    8.673615 25.00000
## 5    Hannah 10.00000 17.00000    6.802136    9.604730   10.000000 20.00000
## 6    Aubrie 20.00000 14.00000    5.000000    6.000000    6.000000 17.78453
## 7    Olivia 14.00000 17.72971   10.000000    7.000000    6.000000 26.00000
## 8    Duncan  9.62783 16.00000    7.000000    8.065708    8.000000 18.95910
## 9     Katie 19.00000 12.00000    9.000000    8.000000    8.967217 20.00000
## 10  Jackson 17.00000 15.00000    8.000000    6.000000    2.549882 25.00000
## 11 Victoria 11.00000  9.93236    8.000000   10.000000    6.701154 26.00000
## 12  Matthew 10.00000 13.00000   10.000000    9.000000   10.000000 26.00000
## 13  Michael  7.00000 11.00000    8.000000   10.000000   10.000000 18.00000
## 14   Olivia 14.00000 12.00000    6.000000    7.000000    8.000000 29.00000
## 15 Samantha  6.00000 10.00000    6.000000    8.000000    6.000000 19.00000
##    PerAssign1 PerAssign2 PerAssign3    PerMT1    PerMT2  PerFinal
## 1    50.00000   80.00000   56.61442  75.00000  60.00000 100.00000
## 2    67.71172  100.00000   80.00000  55.02392  75.00000  86.66667
## 3    80.00000   80.00000   81.54995 100.00000 100.00000  66.66667
## 4    80.00000   50.00000   86.73615 100.00000  85.00000  83.33333
## 5    68.02136   96.04730  100.00000  50.00000  85.00000  66.66667
## 6    50.00000   60.00000   60.00000 100.00000  70.00000  59.28176
## 7   100.00000   70.00000   60.00000  70.00000  88.64856  86.66667
## 8    70.00000   80.65708   80.00000  48.13915  80.00000  63.19701
## 9    90.00000   80.00000   89.67217  95.00000  60.00000  66.66667
## 10   80.00000   60.00000   25.49882  85.00000  75.00000  83.33333
## 11   80.00000  100.00000   67.01154  55.00000  49.66180  86.66667
## 12  100.00000   90.00000  100.00000  50.00000  65.00000  86.66667
## 13   80.00000  100.00000  100.00000  35.00000  55.00000  60.00000
## 14   60.00000   70.00000   80.00000  70.00000  60.00000  96.66667
## 15   60.00000   80.00000   60.00000  30.00000  50.00000  63.33333
##    FinalGrade_EqualWeight FinalGrade_RawScore
## 1                70.26907            4.216144
## 2                77.40038            4.644023
## 3                84.70277            5.082166
## 4                80.84491            4.850695
## 5                77.62255            4.657353
## 6                66.54696            3.992818
## 7                79.21920            4.753152
## 8                70.33221            4.219932
## 9                80.22314            4.813388
## 10               68.13869            4.088322
## 11               73.05667            4.383400
## 12               81.94444            4.916667
## 13               71.66667            4.300000
## 14               72.77778            4.366667
## 15               57.22222            3.433333

8. Create Objects Containing a Single Value

In this section, insert chunks and calculate the mean, minimum, and maximum for 3 different variables (midterm 2, assignment 3, and the final exam) in the grade book data set. Use the variables that report the scores as a percentage that you created.

mean_PerMT2 <- mean(GradeBook$PerMT2)
print(mean_PerMT2)

## [1] 69.8944

min_PerMT2 <- min(GradeBook$PerMT2)
print(min_PerMT2)

## [1] 49.6618

max_PerMT2 <- max(GradeBook$PerMT2)
print(max_PerMT2)

## [1] 100

mean_PerAssign3 <- mean(GradeBook$PerAssign3)
print(mean_PerAssign3)

## [1] 74.81769

min_PerAssign3 <- min(GradeBook$PerAssign3)
print(min_PerAssign3)

## [1] 25.49882

max_PerAssign3 <- max(GradeBook$PerAssign3)
print(max_PerAssign3)

## [1] 100

mean_PerFinal <- mean(GradeBook$PerFinal)
print(mean_PerFinal)

## [1] 78.07159

min_PerFinal <- min(GradeBook$PerFinal)
print(min_PerFinal)

## [1] 59.28176

max_PerFinal <- max(GradeBook$PerFinal)
print(max_PerFinal)

## [1] 100

9. Create Objects Containing Multiple Values

In this section, insert chunks and produce the following objects that will contain values for each variable in the data set.

Using the attendance data, create two objects. One object should contain the total number of students attending a class session. One object should contain the mean number of students attending a class session.

attendsum <- sapply(Attendance[ , c("Meeting1", "Meeting2","Meeting3", "Meeting4", "Meeting5")], sum)

attendmean <- sapply(Attendance[ , c("Meeting1", "Meeting2","Meeting3", "Meeting4", "Meeting5")], sum)

Using the grade book data, create three objects for the mean, min, and max grades for each of the variable in the data set.

grademean <- sapply(GradeBook[ , c("Assignment1", "Assignment2","Assignment3", "Midterm1", "Midterm2", "Final")], sum)

grademin <- sapply(GradeBook[ , c("Assignment1", "Assignment2","Assignment3", "Midterm1", "Midterm2", "Final")], sum)

grademax <- sapply(GradeBook[ , c("Assignment1", "Assignment2","Assignment3", "Midterm1", "Midterm2", "Final")], sum)

10. Combining Objects

In this section, insert chunks of code that will combine objects together.

Combine the two objects you created using the attendance data set in the last question into a single object. Print the object where you stored these objects.

AttedanceSummary <- rbind(attendsum,attendmean)
print(AttedanceSummary)

##            Meeting1 Meeting2 Meeting3 Meeting4 Meeting5
## attendsum        13       13       12       14       15
## attendmean       13       13       12       14       15

Combine the three objects you created using the grade book data set in the last question into a single object. Print the object where you stored these objects.

GradebookSummary <- rbind(grademean, grademin, grademax)
print(GradebookSummary)

##           Assignment1 Assignment2 Assignment3 Midterm1 Midterm2    Final
## grademean    120.5733    126.6704    119.7083 214.6326 223.6621 374.7436
## grademin     120.5733    126.6704    119.7083 214.6326 223.6621 374.7436
## grademax     120.5733    126.6704    119.7083 214.6326 223.6621 374.7436

11. Export Data Sets

In this section, insert a chunk of code to export the grade book data, the attendance data, the summary grade book, and the summary attendance as one Excel file. Make sure to name your data file something different than the Excel file that had the original data that you loaded into R for this assignment.

write.xlsx(AttedanceSummary, file = "AttendanceSummary.xlsx")
write.xlsx(GradebookSummary, file = "GradebookSummary.xlsx")
write.xlsx(Attendance, file = "AttendanceData.xlsx")
write.xlsx(GradeBook, file = "GradebookData.xlsx")

sheets<- list("Grades" = GradeBook, "Attendance" = Attendance, AttendanceSummary = "AttedanceSummary")

write.xlsx(sheets, file = "combined.xlsx")

12. Did you recieve help?

Enter the names of anyone one that assisted you with completing this lab. If no one helped you complete the assignment, just type out that no one helped you The TA Cole helped me on Zoom with part of the code that I was stuck with. # 13. Did you provide anyone help with completing this lab? Enter the names of anyone that you assisted with completing this lab. If you did not help anyone, then just type out that you didn’t help anyone. I did not help anyone. # 14. Knit the Document Click the “Knit” button to publish your work as an html document. This document or file will appear in the folder specified by your working directory. You will need to upload both this RMarkdown file and the html file it produces to AsU Learn to get all of the lab points for this week. Additionally, you need to upload the Excel file that you exported when completing the assignment to get all of the lab points for this week.

PS/CJ3115 Fall 2025: Playing with Data

(Annabelle Thiem)

(9/19/25)