YLab_T2DM_Baseline
Gerardo Paredes
2025-09-22
##
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'dplyr'## The following object is masked from 'package:kableExtra':
##
## group_rows## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionTabla 1
data1 = read_excel("C:\\Users\\gio73\\Documents\\Tesis\\Data\\tesis\\YLab_T2DM_Clinical Baseline Information.xlsx")
baseline = data1
#Truncar los dígitos de variables con muchos decimales
baseline$`HDL-C (mM)` <- as.character(baseline$`HDL-C (mM)`) # pasar a texto primero
baseline$`HDL-C (mM)` <- as.numeric(baseline$`HDL-C (mM)`) # luego a número## Warning: NAs introducidos por coerciónbaseline$`D-BIL (uM)` <- as.character(baseline$`D-BIL (uM)`) # pasar a texto primero
baseline$`D-BIL (uM)` <- as.numeric(baseline$`D-BIL (uM)`) # luego a número## Warning: NAs introducidos por coerción# Truncar a 2 decimales
baseline$`HDL-C (mM)` <- trunc(baseline$`HDL-C (mM)` * 100) / 100
baseline$`D-BIL (uM)` <- trunc(baseline$`D-BIL (uM)` * 100) / 100
# Diccionario de nombres traducidos
diccionario = c(
Gender = "Sexo",
Group = "Grupo",
Age = "Edad",
Height = "Altura",
Weight = "Peso",
BMI = "Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²)",
`Waistline (cm)` = "Circunferencia de cintura (cm)",
`SBP (mmHg)` = "Presión sistólica (mm Hg)",
`DBP (mmHg)` = "Presión diastólica (mm Hg)",
`HBA (%)` = "Hemoglobina A1c (%)",
`FBG (mM)` = "Glucosa en ayunas (mM)",
`ALT (U/L)` = "Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)",
`AST (U/L)` = "Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L)",
`Urea (mM)` = "Urea (mM)",
`Cre (uM)` = "Creatinina (µM)",
`UA (uM)` = "Ácido úrico (µM)",
`ALB (g/L)` = "Albúmina (g/L)",
`TC (mM)` = "Colesterol total (mM)",
`TG (mM)` = "Triglicéridos (mM)",
`HDL-C (mM)` = "Colesterol HDL (mM)",
`LDL-C (mM)` = "Colesterol LDL (mM)",
`ALP (U/L)` = "Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L)",
`Υ-GT (U/L)` = "Gamma-GT (U/L)",
`T-BIL (uM)` = "Bilirrubina total (µM)",
`D-BIL (uM)` = "Bilirrubina directa (µM)",
`TBA (uM)` = "Ácidos biliares totales (µM)",
`CHE (U/L)` = "Colinesterasa (U/L)",
`WBC (10^9/L)` = "Leucocitos (10^9/L)",
`NEUT(%)` = "Neutrófilos (%)",
`LYMPH (%)` = "Linfocitos (%)",
`EO(%)` = "Eosinófilos (%)",
`BASO (%)` = "Basófilos (%)"
)
# Renombrar variables usando el diccionario
nombres_originales = names(baseline)
nombres_nuevos = sapply(nombres_originales, function(nombre) {
if (nombre %in% names(diccionario)) {
diccionario[[nombre]]
} else {
nombre # conservar si no está en el diccionario
}
})
names(baseline) = nombres_nuevos
baseline$`Edad categorizada` <- cut(
baseline$Edad,
breaks = c(18, 40, 60, 80, 100),
right = TRUE, # para incluir el límite de rango
labels = c("18–40", "41–60", "61–80", "81–100")
)
# Traduce la variable "Grupo" a etiquetas legibles
baseline <- baseline %>%
mutate(Grupo = case_when(
Grupo == 1 ~ "Diabéticos",
Grupo == 2 ~ "Saludables",
TRUE ~ as.character(Grupo)
))
# variables continuas y categóricas
vars_continuas <- c("Edad", "Altura", "Peso", "Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²)",
"Circunferencia de cintura (cm)", "Presión sistólica (mm Hg)",
"Presión diastólica (mm Hg)", "Glucosa en ayunas (mM)",
"Colesterol total (mM)", "Triglicéridos (mM)",
"Colesterol HDL (mM)", "Colesterol LDL (mM)",
"Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)", "Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L)",
"Urea (mM)", "Creatinina (µM)", "Ácido úrico (µM)", "Albúmina (g/L)",
"Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L)", "Gamma-GT (U/L)", "Bilirrubina total (µM)",
"Bilirrubina directa (µM)", "Ácidos biliares totales (µM)",
"Colinesterasa (U/L)", "Leucocitos (10^9/L)", "Y-GT (U/L)")
vars_categoricas <- c("Sexo")
vars_edad <- "Edad categorizada"
vars_porcentuales <- c("Neutrófilos (%)","Linfocitos (%)","Eosinófilos (%)","Basófilos (%)", "Hemoglobina A1c (%)")
# Crear tabla 1 estratificada por Grupo (1 y 2)
tabla1 <- CreateTableOne(vars = c(vars_categoricas, vars_edad, vars_continuas,
vars_porcentuales), strata = "Grupo",
data = baseline, factorVars = vars_categoricas)## Warning in ModuleReturnVarsExist(vars, data): The data frame does not have:
## Y-GT (U/L) Neutrófilos (%) Eosinófilos (%) Dropped# Imprimir tabla SIN columnas p ni test
tabla1_df <- print(tabla1,
showAllLevels = TRUE,
printToggle = FALSE,
noSpaces = TRUE)
# Eliminar columnas p y test si existen
cols_quitar <- c("p", "test")
cols_presentes <- intersect(cols_quitar, colnames(tabla1_df))
if (length(cols_presentes) > 0) {
tabla1_df <- tabla1_df[, !(colnames(tabla1_df) %in% cols_presentes)]
}
#Imprimir tabla
kable(tabla1_df,
format = "html", # usa "latex" si generas PDF
caption = "Tabla 1: Características basales estratificadas por grupo") %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed"),
full_width = FALSE,
position = "center")| level | Diabéticos | Saludables | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 100 | 200 | |
| Sexo (%) | Female | 29 (29.0) | 99 (49.5) |
| Male | 71 (71.0) | 101 (50.5) | |
| Edad categorizada (%) | 18–40 | 23 (23.0) | 67 (33.5) |
| 41–60 | 59 (59.0) | 95 (47.5) | |
| 61–80 | 18 (18.0) | 38 (19.0) | |
| 81–100 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Edad (mean (SD)) | 49.84 (11.86) | 47.24 (11.54) | |
| Altura (mean (SD)) | 170.95 (8.59) | 168.00 (8.18) | |
| Peso (mean (SD)) | 80.54 (14.88) | 67.78 (13.72) | |
| Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) (mean (SD)) | 27.62 (4.07) | 23.88 (3.76) | |
| Circunferencia de cintura (cm) (mean (SD)) | 93.26 (10.11) | 79.98 (10.74) | |
| Presión sistólica (mm Hg) (mean (SD)) | 138.07 (18.38) | 121.44 (15.58) | |
| Presión diastólica (mm Hg) (mean (SD)) | 86.63 (13.03) | 74.75 (11.16) | |
| Glucosa en ayunas (mM) (mean (SD)) | 9.81 (3.19) | 5.13 (1.81) | |
| Colesterol total (mM) (mean (SD)) | 5.33 (1.09) | 5.17 (1.91) | |
| Triglicéridos (mM) (mean (SD)) | 2.44 (2.14) | 1.35 (0.77) | |
| Colesterol HDL (mM) (mean (SD)) | 1.34 (0.33) | 1.47 (0.30) | |
| Colesterol LDL (mM) (mean (SD)) | 2.94 (0.82) | 2.67 (0.63) | |
| Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) (mean (SD)) | 47.84 (75.85) | 20.90 (14.83) | |
| Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) (mean (SD)) | 33.64 (41.39) | 20.65 (6.47) | |
| Urea (mM) (mean (SD)) | 5.30 (1.28) | 7.02 (27.74) | |
| Creatinina (µM) (mean (SD)) | 65.75 (14.74) | 69.06 (57.87) | |
| Ácido úrico (µM) (mean (SD)) | 352.87 (114.42) | 338.30 (99.55) | |
| Albúmina (g/L) (mean (SD)) | 46.55 (3.22) | 90.70 (449.67) | |
| Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) (mean (SD)) | 86.09 (24.57) | 70.46 (20.23) | |
| Gamma-GT (U/L) (mean (SD)) | 49.54 (35.98) | 27.71 (25.97) | |
| Bilirrubina total (µM) (mean (SD)) | 14.62 (4.99) | 14.67 (6.78) | |
| Bilirrubina directa (µM) (mean (SD)) | 3.88 (1.49) | 3.94 (1.80) | |
| Ácidos biliares totales (µM) (mean (SD)) | 3.19 (1.78) | 2.75 (2.05) | |
| Colinesterasa (U/L) (mean (SD)) | 451.57 (74.86) | 362.14 (92.12) | |
| Leucocitos (10^9/L) (mean (SD)) | 6.67 (1.95) | 8.67 (44.03) | |
| Linfocitos (%) (mean (SD)) | 32.52 (7.40) | 51.89 (238.11) | |
| Basófilos (%) (mean (SD)) | 0.51 (0.29) | 0.49 (0.34) | |
| Hemoglobina A1c (%) (mean (SD)) | 8.41 (2.02) | 5.47 (0.25) |
Histogramas
data1 = read_excel("C:\\Users\\gio73\\Documents\\Tesis\\Data\\tesis\\YLab_T2DM_Clinical Baseline Information.xlsx")
vars_continuas <- c("Edad", "Altura", "Peso", "Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²)",
"Circunferencia de cintura (cm)", "Presión sistólica (mm Hg)",
"Presión diastólica (mm Hg)", "Glucosa en ayunas (mM)",
"Colesterol total (mM)", "Triglicéridos (mM)",
"Colesterol HDL (mM)", "Colesterol LDL (mM)",
"Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)", "Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L)",
"Urea (mM)", "Creatinina (µM)", "Ácido úrico (µM)", "Albúmina (g/L)",
"Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L)", "Gamma-GT (U/L)", "Bilirrubina total (µM)",
"Bilirrubina directa (µM)", "Ácidos biliares totales (µM)",
"Colinesterasa (U/L)", "Leucocitos (10^9/L)")
baseline$`Colesterol HDL (mM)` <- as.numeric(baseline$`Colesterol HDL (mM)`)
baseline$`Bilirrubina directa (µM)` <- as.numeric(baseline$`Bilirrubina directa (µM)`)
#Histogramas
for (var in vars_continuas) {
b <- na.omit(baseline[[var]])
media <- mean(b)
desv <- sd(b)
x_min <- media - 4 * desv
x_max <- media + 4 * desv
# Crear histograma con conteos
h <- hist(b, probability = FALSE,
main = paste("Histograma con curva normal:", var),
col = "lightblue", xlab = var,
xlim = c(x_min, x_max))
# Calcular la curva normal ajustada a la escala del histograma
x_vals <- seq(x_min, x_max, length = 100)
y_vals <- dnorm(x_vals, mean = media, sd = desv)
# Escalar la curva para que se ajuste al histograma
y_vals <- y_vals * diff(h$mids[1:2]) * length(b)
# Superponer la curva normal
lines(x_vals, y_vals, col = "red", lwd = 2)
}
sort
# Recorrer cada variable continua
for (var in vars_continuas) {
# Asegurarse de que los datos sean numéricos y sin NA
b <- suppressWarnings(as.numeric(baseline[[var]]))
b <- na.omit(b)
if (length(b) > 0) {
cat("\n=============================\n")
cat("Variable:", var, "\n")
cat("-----------------------------\n")
# 5 valores más bajos
cat("5 valores más bajos:\n")
print(head(sort(b), 5))
# 5 valores más altos
cat("5 valores más altos:\n")
print(tail(sort(b), 5))
cat("=============================\n")
} else {
cat("\nVariable:", var, "no tiene datos numéricos válidos.\n")
}
}##
## =============================
## Variable: Edad
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 20 25 26 27 27
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 69 69 72 72 74
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Altura
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 145 147 153 153 153
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 188.0 189.0 190.0 192.0 196.5
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Peso
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 41.1 43.5 44.0 44.3 44.6
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 109.3 111.7 112.2 113.4 128.9
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 15.50457 16.34429 16.67410 17.04986 17.09975
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 36.22159 36.29226 39.78999 39.95244 40.33929
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Circunferencia de cintura (cm)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 59 59 59 59 60
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 109 110 111 117 123
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Presión sistólica (mm Hg)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 84 90 92 95 95
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 172 174 176 179 208
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Presión diastólica (mm Hg)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 45 51 53 54 55
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 108 109 110 115 125
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Glucosa en ayunas (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 3.91 4.15 4.24 4.26 4.27
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 17.29 18.22 18.56 21.15 30.00
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Colesterol total (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 2.20 2.75 3.04 3.05 3.23
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 8.02 8.05 8.19 8.72 29.10
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Triglicéridos (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.49
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 6.69 7.82 10.79 11.34 13.14
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Colesterol HDL (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 0.66 0.67 0.76 0.81 0.82
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 2.21 2.23 2.24 2.33 2.40
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Colesterol LDL (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 1.25 1.35 1.41 1.44 1.45
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 4.75 4.90 5.27 5.36 6.09
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 5 6 6 7 7
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 104 107 181 302 703
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 0.85 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.00
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 81 90 168 275 292
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Urea (mM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 2.43 2.50 2.61 2.65 2.66
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 8.72 8.83 8.98 9.38 397.00
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Creatinina (µM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 34 34 37 38 39
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 102 108 114 125 855
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Ácido úrico (µM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 5.07 6.13 45.70 133.00 152.00
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 618 636 640 658 677
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Albúmina (g/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 18.4 38.0 38.2 39.5 39.7
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 51.7 52.9 68.8 4401.0 4701.0
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 2.05 38.00 40.00 40.00 41.00
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 135 139 152 164 186
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Gamma-GT (U/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 8 8 8 9 10
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 140 143 195 261 271
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Bilirrubina total (µM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 5.6 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.2
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 34.3 34.7 38.8 47.0 52.0
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Bilirrubina directa (µM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 8.3 9.0 9.6 11.9 14.5
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Ácidos biliares totales (µM)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 9.1 10.8 12.0 12.1 16.6
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Colinesterasa (U/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 144 178 187 209 219
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 605 624 629 650 870
## =============================
##
## =============================
## Variable: Leucocitos (10^9/L)
## -----------------------------
## 5 valores más bajos:
## [1] 2.70 2.93 2.98 3.15 3.29
## 5 valores más altos:
## [1] 10.68 11.18 11.23 11.52 628.00
## =============================filas con valores anormales
#valor máximo
valor_extremo <- max(baseline$`Colesterol total (mM)`, na.rm = TRUE)
#fila del max
fila_extrema <- baseline[baseline$`Colesterol total (mM)` == valor_extremo, ]
# Calcular los promedios de todas las variables numéricas
promedios <- sapply(baseline, function(x) if(is.numeric(x)) mean(x, na.rm = TRUE) else NA)
# Extraer sólo las columnas numéricas de la fila extrema
fila_num <- fila_extrema[, sapply(baseline, is.numeric)]
# Calcular la diferencia entre el valor de la fila y el promedio
comparacion <- t(fila_num) - promedios[names(fila_num)]
# Mostrar la comparación (positiva = valor superior al promedio)
comparacion_df <- data.frame(
Variable = names(fila_num),
Valor = as.numeric(fila_num),
Promedio = as.numeric(promedios[names(fila_num)]),
Diferencia = as.numeric(comparacion)
)
print(comparacion_df)## Variable Valor Promedio Diferencia
## 1 Edad 29.00000 48.1033333 -19.1033333
## 2 Altura 160.50000 168.9810000 -8.4810000
## 3 Peso 64.90000 72.0360000 -7.1360000
## 4 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.19385 25.1264947 0.0673602
## 5 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 77.00000 84.4100000 -7.4100000
## 6 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 125.00000 126.9833333 -1.9833333
## 7 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 77.00000 78.7066667 -1.7066667
## 8 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.30000 6.4475000 -1.1475000
## 9 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.42000 6.6941667 -1.2741667
## 10 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 40.00000 29.8800000 10.1200000
## 11 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 24.00000 24.9828333 -0.9828333
## 12 Urea (mM) 5.54000 6.4457000 -0.9057000
## 13 Creatinina (µM) 55.00000 67.9600000 -12.9600000
## 14 Ácido úrico (µM) 334.00000 343.1596667 -9.1596667
## 15 Albúmina (g/L) 45.60000 75.9840000 -30.3840000
## 16 Colesterol total (mM) 29.10000 5.2225000 23.8775000
## 17 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.28000 1.7142333 -0.4342333
## 18 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.87000 1.4275920 0.4424080
## 19 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.35000 2.7575333 -0.4075333
## 20 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 69.00000 75.6668333 -6.6668333
## 21 Gamma-GT (U/L) 33.00000 34.9866667 -1.9866667
## 22 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.80000 14.6566667 -1.8566667
## 23 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.80000 3.9161873 -0.1161873
## 24 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.90000 2.8940000 0.0060000
## 25 Colinesterasa (U/L) 308.00000 391.9466667 -83.9466667
## 26 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.23000 8.0054000 -1.7754000
## 27 NEUT (%) 54.50000 56.6200000 -2.1200000
## 28 Linfocitos (%) 37.90000 45.4336667 -7.5336667
## 29 EO (%) 0.30000 2.1063667 -1.8063667
## 30 Basófilos (%) 0.20000 0.4947667 -0.2947667#variables con datos raros
vars_continuas3 <- c("Colesterol total (mM)", "Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)",
"Urea (mM)", "Creatinina (µM)", "Albúmina (g/L)", "Leucocitos (10^9/L)")
#
limites <- lapply(vars_continuas3, function(var) {
x <- baseline[[var]]
if (is.numeric(x)) {
media <- mean(x, na.rm = TRUE)
sdv <- sd(x, na.rm = TRUE)
c(inf = media - 3 * sdv, sup = media + 3 * sdv)
} else {
c(inf = NA, sup = NA)
}
})
names(limites) <- vars_continuas3
# encontrar fila
outlier_rows <- unique(unlist(lapply(vars_continuas3, function(var) {
if (is.numeric(baseline[[var]])) {
which(baseline[[var]] < limites[[var]]["inf"] | baseline[[var]] > limites[[var]]["sup"])
}
})))
#extraer fila
filas_outliers <- baseline[outlier_rows, ]
#comparar con promedio
promedios <- sapply(baseline, function(x) if (is.numeric(x)) mean(x, na.rm = TRUE) else NA)
comparaciones <- lapply(1:nrow(filas_outliers), function(i) {
fila <- filas_outliers[i, sapply(baseline, is.numeric)]
data.frame(
Fila = outlier_rows[i],
Variable = names(fila),
Valor = as.numeric(fila),
Promedio = as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)]),
Diferencia = as.numeric(fila) - as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)])
)
})
#unir
comparaciones_df <- do.call(rbind, comparaciones)
#tabla final
print(comparaciones_df)## Fila Variable Valor Promedio Diferencia
## 1 138 Edad 29.00000 48.1033333 -1.910333e+01
## 2 138 Altura 160.50000 168.9810000 -8.481000e+00
## 3 138 Peso 64.90000 72.0360000 -7.136000e+00
## 4 138 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.19385 25.1264947 6.736020e-02
## 5 138 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 77.00000 84.4100000 -7.410000e+00
## 6 138 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 125.00000 126.9833333 -1.983333e+00
## 7 138 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 77.00000 78.7066667 -1.706667e+00
## 8 138 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.30000 6.4475000 -1.147500e+00
## 9 138 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.42000 6.6941667 -1.274167e+00
## 10 138 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 40.00000 29.8800000 1.012000e+01
## 11 138 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 24.00000 24.9828333 -9.828333e-01
## 12 138 Urea (mM) 5.54000 6.4457000 -9.057000e-01
## 13 138 Creatinina (µM) 55.00000 67.9600000 -1.296000e+01
## 14 138 Ácido úrico (µM) 334.00000 343.1596667 -9.159667e+00
## 15 138 Albúmina (g/L) 45.60000 75.9840000 -3.038400e+01
## 16 138 Colesterol total (mM) 29.10000 5.2225000 2.387750e+01
## 17 138 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.28000 1.7142333 -4.342333e-01
## 18 138 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.87000 1.4275920 4.424080e-01
## 19 138 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.35000 2.7575333 -4.075333e-01
## 20 138 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 69.00000 75.6668333 -6.666833e+00
## 21 138 Gamma-GT (U/L) 33.00000 34.9866667 -1.986667e+00
## 22 138 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.80000 14.6566667 -1.856667e+00
## 23 138 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.80000 3.9161873 -1.161873e-01
## 24 138 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.90000 2.8940000 6.000000e-03
## 25 138 Colinesterasa (U/L) 308.00000 391.9466667 -8.394667e+01
## 26 138 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.23000 8.0054000 -1.775400e+00
## 27 138 NEUT (%) 54.50000 56.6200000 -2.120000e+00
## 28 138 Linfocitos (%) 37.90000 45.4336667 -7.533667e+00
## 29 138 EO (%) 0.30000 2.1063667 -1.806367e+00
## 30 138 Basófilos (%) 0.20000 0.4947667 -2.947667e-01
## 31 4 Edad 34.00000 48.1033333 -1.410333e+01
## 32 4 Altura 178.00000 168.9810000 9.019000e+00
## 33 4 Peso 68.00000 72.0360000 -4.036000e+00
## 34 4 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 21.46000 25.1264947 -3.666495e+00
## 35 4 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 96.00000 84.4100000 1.159000e+01
## 36 4 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 126.00000 126.9833333 -9.833333e-01
## 37 4 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 94.00000 78.7066667 1.529333e+01
## 38 4 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 11.50000 6.4475000 5.052500e+00
## 39 4 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 12.35000 6.6941667 5.655833e+00
## 40 4 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 703.00000 29.8800000 6.731200e+02
## 41 4 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 292.00000 24.9828333 2.670172e+02
## 42 4 Urea (mM) 3.58000 6.4457000 -2.865700e+00
## 43 4 Creatinina (µM) 52.00000 67.9600000 -1.596000e+01
## 44 4 Ácido úrico (µM) 337.00000 343.1596667 -6.159667e+00
## 45 4 Albúmina (g/L) 44.60000 75.9840000 -3.138400e+01
## 46 4 Colesterol total (mM) 4.45000 5.2225000 -7.725000e-01
## 47 4 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.39000 1.7142333 -3.242333e-01
## 48 4 Colesterol HDL (mM) 0.92000 1.4275920 -5.075920e-01
## 49 4 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.63000 2.7575333 -1.275333e-01
## 50 4 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 89.00000 75.6668333 1.333317e+01
## 51 4 Gamma-GT (U/L) 195.00000 34.9866667 1.600133e+02
## 52 4 Bilirrubina total (µM) 16.70000 14.6566667 2.043333e+00
## 53 4 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 5.50000 3.9161873 1.583813e+00
## 54 4 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 3.70000 2.8940000 8.060000e-01
## 55 4 Colinesterasa (U/L) 450.00000 391.9466667 5.805333e+01
## 56 4 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.36000 8.0054000 -1.645400e+00
## 57 4 NEUT (%) 37.60000 56.6200000 -1.902000e+01
## 58 4 Linfocitos (%) 54.60000 45.4336667 9.166333e+00
## 59 4 EO (%) 1.30000 2.1063667 -8.063667e-01
## 60 4 Basófilos (%) 0.50000 0.4947667 5.233333e-03
## 61 23 Edad 35.00000 48.1033333 -1.310333e+01
## 62 23 Altura 180.00000 168.9810000 1.101900e+01
## 63 23 Peso 113.40000 72.0360000 4.136400e+01
## 64 23 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 35.00000 25.1264947 9.873505e+00
## 65 23 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 117.00000 84.4100000 3.259000e+01
## 66 23 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 152.00000 126.9833333 2.501667e+01
## 67 23 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 86.00000 78.7066667 7.293333e+00
## 68 23 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 8.90000 6.4475000 2.452500e+00
## 69 23 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 10.39000 6.6941667 3.695833e+00
## 70 23 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 302.00000 29.8800000 2.721200e+02
## 71 23 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 275.00000 24.9828333 2.500172e+02
## 72 23 Urea (mM) 3.60000 6.4457000 -2.845700e+00
## 73 23 Creatinina (µM) 55.00000 67.9600000 -1.296000e+01
## 74 23 Ácido úrico (µM) 402.00000 343.1596667 5.884033e+01
## 75 23 Albúmina (g/L) 42.90000 75.9840000 -3.308400e+01
## 76 23 Colesterol total (mM) 8.72000 5.2225000 3.497500e+00
## 77 23 Triglicéridos (mM) 4.10000 1.7142333 2.385767e+00
## 78 23 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.36000 1.4275920 -6.759197e-02
## 79 23 Colesterol LDL (mM) 5.36000 2.7575333 2.602467e+00
## 80 23 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 110.00000 75.6668333 3.433317e+01
## 81 23 Gamma-GT (U/L) 261.00000 34.9866667 2.260133e+02
## 82 23 Bilirrubina total (µM) 19.40000 14.6566667 4.743333e+00
## 83 23 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 4.20000 3.9161873 2.838127e-01
## 84 23 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 3.90000 2.8940000 1.006000e+00
## 85 23 Colinesterasa (U/L) 530.00000 391.9466667 1.380533e+02
## 86 23 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 5.83000 8.0054000 -2.175400e+00
## 87 23 NEUT (%) 51.50000 56.6200000 -5.120000e+00
## 88 23 Linfocitos (%) 34.10000 45.4336667 -1.133367e+01
## 89 23 EO (%) 5.50000 2.1063667 3.393633e+00
## 90 23 Basófilos (%) 1.20000 0.4947667 7.052333e-01
## 91 43 Edad 36.00000 48.1033333 -1.210333e+01
## 92 43 Altura 165.00000 168.9810000 -3.981000e+00
## 93 43 Peso 70.00000 72.0360000 -2.036000e+00
## 94 43 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.71166 25.1264947 5.851674e-01
## 95 43 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 83.00000 84.4100000 -1.410000e+00
## 96 43 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 137.00000 126.9833333 1.001667e+01
## 97 43 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 80.00000 78.7066667 1.293333e+00
## 98 43 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 6.51000 6.4475000 6.250000e-02
## 99 43 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 8.52000 6.6941667 1.825833e+00
## 100 43 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 181.00000 29.8800000 1.511200e+02
## 101 43 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 168.00000 24.9828333 1.430172e+02
## 102 43 Urea (mM) 2.82000 6.4457000 -3.625700e+00
## 103 43 Creatinina (µM) 51.00000 67.9600000 -1.696000e+01
## 104 43 Ácido úrico (µM) 372.00000 343.1596667 2.884033e+01
## 105 43 Albúmina (g/L) 50.30000 75.9840000 -2.568400e+01
## 106 43 Colesterol total (mM) 6.19000 5.2225000 9.675000e-01
## 107 43 Triglicéridos (mM) 6.51000 1.7142333 4.795767e+00
## 108 43 Colesterol HDL (mM) 0.95000 1.4275920 -4.775920e-01
## 109 43 Colesterol LDL (mM) 3.65000 2.7575333 8.924667e-01
## 110 43 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 72.00000 75.6668333 -3.666833e+00
## 111 43 Gamma-GT (U/L) 120.00000 34.9866667 8.501333e+01
## 112 43 Bilirrubina total (µM) 18.00000 14.6566667 3.343333e+00
## 113 43 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.70000 3.9161873 -2.161873e-01
## 114 43 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 12.10000 2.8940000 9.206000e+00
## 115 43 Colinesterasa (U/L) 425.00000 391.9466667 3.305333e+01
## 116 43 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 10.50000 8.0054000 2.494600e+00
## 117 43 NEUT (%) 53.00000 56.6200000 -3.620000e+00
## 118 43 Linfocitos (%) 37.30000 45.4336667 -8.133667e+00
## 119 43 EO (%) 3.20000 2.1063667 1.093633e+00
## 120 43 Basófilos (%) 0.90000 0.4947667 4.052333e-01
## 121 153 Edad 54.00000 48.1033333 5.896667e+00
## 122 153 Altura 157.00000 168.9810000 -1.198100e+01
## 123 153 Peso 41.10000 72.0360000 -3.093600e+01
## 124 153 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 16.67410 25.1264947 -8.452390e+00
## 125 153 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 59.00000 84.4100000 -2.541000e+01
## 126 153 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 108.00000 126.9833333 -1.898333e+01
## 127 153 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 77.00000 78.7066667 -1.706667e+00
## 128 153 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.80000 6.4475000 -6.475000e-01
## 129 153 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 4.49000 6.6941667 -2.204167e+00
## 130 153 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 13.00000 29.8800000 -1.688000e+01
## 131 153 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 23.00000 24.9828333 -1.982833e+00
## 132 153 Urea (mM) 397.00000 6.4457000 3.905543e+02
## 133 153 Creatinina (µM) 64.00000 67.9600000 -3.960000e+00
## 134 153 Ácido úrico (µM) 234.00000 343.1596667 -1.091597e+02
## 135 153 Albúmina (g/L) 48.30000 75.9840000 -2.768400e+01
## 136 153 Colesterol total (mM) 6.15000 5.2225000 9.275000e-01
## 137 153 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.12000 1.7142333 -5.942333e-01
## 138 153 Colesterol HDL (mM) 2.00000 1.4275920 5.724080e-01
## 139 153 Colesterol LDL (mM) 3.12000 2.7575333 3.624667e-01
## 140 153 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 130.00000 75.6668333 5.433317e+01
## 141 153 Gamma-GT (U/L) 15.00000 34.9866667 -1.998667e+01
## 142 153 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.80000 14.6566667 -1.856667e+00
## 143 153 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.70000 3.9161873 -1.216187e+00
## 144 153 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.10000 2.8940000 -7.940000e-01
## 145 153 Colinesterasa (U/L) 300.00000 391.9466667 -9.194667e+01
## 146 153 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 5.47000 8.0054000 -2.535400e+00
## 147 153 NEUT (%) 60.80000 56.6200000 4.180000e+00
## 148 153 Linfocitos (%) 34.00000 45.4336667 -1.143367e+01
## 149 153 EO (%) 0.70000 2.1063667 -1.406367e+00
## 150 153 Basófilos (%) 0.50000 0.4947667 5.233333e-03
## 151 187 Edad 42.00000 48.1033333 -6.103333e+00
## 152 187 Altura 185.00000 168.9810000 1.601900e+01
## 153 187 Peso 102.00000 72.0360000 2.996400e+01
## 154 187 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 29.80278 25.1264947 4.676281e+00
## 155 187 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 99.00000 84.4100000 1.459000e+01
## 156 187 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 126.00000 126.9833333 -9.833333e-01
## 157 187 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 79.00000 78.7066667 2.933333e-01
## 158 187 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.60000 6.4475000 -8.475000e-01
## 159 187 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 30.00000 6.6941667 2.330583e+01
## 160 187 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 25.00000 29.8800000 -4.880000e+00
## 161 187 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 0.85000 24.9828333 -2.413283e+01
## 162 187 Urea (mM) 5.50000 6.4457000 -9.457000e-01
## 163 187 Creatinina (µM) 855.00000 67.9600000 7.870400e+02
## 164 187 Ácido úrico (µM) 401.00000 343.1596667 5.784033e+01
## 165 187 Albúmina (g/L) 47.00000 75.9840000 -2.898400e+01
## 166 187 Colesterol total (mM) 5.11000 5.2225000 -1.125000e-01
## 167 187 Triglicéridos (mM) 3.23000 1.7142333 1.515767e+00
## 168 187 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.17000 1.4275920 -2.575920e-01
## 169 187 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.76000 2.7575333 2.466667e-03
## 170 187 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 67.00000 75.6668333 -8.666833e+00
## 171 187 Gamma-GT (U/L) 18.00000 34.9866667 -1.698667e+01
## 172 187 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.90000 14.6566667 -1.756667e+00
## 173 187 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.40000 3.9161873 -5.161873e-01
## 174 187 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.10000 2.8940000 -7.940000e-01
## 175 187 Colinesterasa (U/L) 468.00000 391.9466667 7.605333e+01
## 176 187 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.23000 8.0054000 -1.775400e+00
## 177 187 NEUT (%) 63.50000 56.6200000 6.880000e+00
## 178 187 Linfocitos (%) 27.80000 45.4336667 -1.763367e+01
## 179 187 EO (%) 1.60000 2.1063667 -5.063667e-01
## 180 187 Basófilos (%) 0.20000 0.4947667 -2.947667e-01
## 181 230 Edad 47.00000 48.1033333 -1.103333e+00
## 182 230 Altura 172.00000 168.9810000 3.019000e+00
## 183 230 Peso 58.80000 72.0360000 -1.323600e+01
## 184 230 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 19.87561 25.1264947 -5.250886e+00
## 185 230 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 75.00000 84.4100000 -9.410000e+00
## 186 230 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 131.00000 126.9833333 4.016667e+00
## 187 230 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 74.00000 78.7066667 -4.706667e+00
## 188 230 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.40000 6.4475000 -1.047500e+00
## 189 230 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.20000 6.6941667 -1.494167e+00
## 190 230 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 11.00000 29.8800000 -1.888000e+01
## 191 230 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 11.00000 24.9828333 -1.398283e+01
## 192 230 Urea (mM) 3.21000 6.4457000 -3.235700e+00
## 193 230 Creatinina (µM) 43.00000 67.9600000 -2.496000e+01
## 194 230 Ácido úrico (µM) 203.00000 343.1596667 -1.401597e+02
## 195 230 Albúmina (g/L) 4401.00000 75.9840000 4.325016e+03
## 196 230 Colesterol total (mM) 4.80000 5.2225000 -4.225000e-01
## 197 230 Triglicéridos (mM) 0.96000 1.7142333 -7.542333e-01
## 198 230 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.78000 1.4275920 3.524080e-01
## 199 230 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.26000 2.7575333 -4.975333e-01
## 200 230 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 44.00000 75.6668333 -3.166683e+01
## 201 230 Gamma-GT (U/L) 17.00000 34.9866667 -1.798667e+01
## 202 230 Bilirrubina total (µM) 8.20000 14.6566667 -6.456667e+00
## 203 230 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.00000 3.9161873 -1.916187e+00
## 204 230 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 4.80000 2.8940000 1.906000e+00
## 205 230 Colinesterasa (U/L) 284.00000 391.9466667 -1.079467e+02
## 206 230 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 4.55000 8.0054000 -3.455400e+00
## 207 230 NEUT (%) 53.10000 56.6200000 -3.520000e+00
## 208 230 Linfocitos (%) 37.80000 45.4336667 -7.633667e+00
## 209 230 EO (%) 0.40000 2.1063667 -1.706367e+00
## 210 230 Basófilos (%) 0.40000 0.4947667 -9.476667e-02
## 211 298 Edad 44.00000 48.1033333 -4.103333e+00
## 212 298 Altura 177.00000 168.9810000 8.019000e+00
## 213 298 Peso 83.60000 72.0360000 1.156400e+01
## 214 298 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 26.68454 25.1264947 1.558047e+00
## 215 298 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 90.00000 84.4100000 5.590000e+00
## 216 298 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 130.00000 126.9833333 3.016667e+00
## 217 298 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 88.00000 78.7066667 9.293333e+00
## 218 298 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.70000 6.4475000 -7.475000e-01
## 219 298 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.03000 6.6941667 -1.664167e+00
## 220 298 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 43.00000 29.8800000 1.312000e+01
## 221 298 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 29.00000 24.9828333 4.017167e+00
## 222 298 Urea (mM) 5.33000 6.4457000 -1.115700e+00
## 223 298 Creatinina (µM) 77.00000 67.9600000 9.040000e+00
## 224 298 Ácido úrico (µM) 392.00000 343.1596667 4.884033e+01
## 225 298 Albúmina (g/L) 4701.00000 75.9840000 4.625016e+03
## 226 298 Colesterol total (mM) 7.01000 5.2225000 1.787500e+00
## 227 298 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.75000 1.7142333 3.576667e-02
## 228 298 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.53000 1.4275920 1.024080e-01
## 229 298 Colesterol LDL (mM) 4.30000 2.7575333 1.542467e+00
## 230 298 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 54.00000 75.6668333 -2.166683e+01
## 231 298 Gamma-GT (U/L) 19.00000 34.9866667 -1.598667e+01
## 232 298 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.50000 14.6566667 -2.156667e+00
## 233 298 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.80000 3.9161873 -1.116187e+00
## 234 298 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.00000 2.8940000 -8.940000e-01
## 235 298 Colinesterasa (U/L) 449.00000 391.9466667 5.705333e+01
## 236 298 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 4.69000 8.0054000 -3.315400e+00
## 237 298 NEUT (%) 54.70000 56.6200000 -1.920000e+00
## 238 298 Linfocitos (%) 39.00000 45.4336667 -6.433667e+00
## 239 298 EO (%) 0.60000 2.1063667 -1.506367e+00
## 240 298 Basófilos (%) 0.60000 0.4947667 1.052333e-01
## 241 225 Edad 63.00000 48.1033333 1.489667e+01
## 242 225 Altura 168.50000 168.9810000 -4.810000e-01
## 243 225 Peso 73.80000 72.0360000 1.764000e+00
## 244 225 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.99301 25.1264947 8.665140e-01
## 245 225 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 90.00000 84.4100000 5.590000e+00
## 246 225 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 132.00000 126.9833333 5.016667e+00
## 247 225 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 85.00000 78.7066667 6.293333e+00
## 248 225 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.30000 6.4475000 -1.147500e+00
## 249 225 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.08000 6.6941667 -1.614167e+00
## 250 225 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 17.00000 29.8800000 -1.288000e+01
## 251 225 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 16.00000 24.9828333 -8.982833e+00
## 252 225 Urea (mM) 3.50000 6.4457000 -2.945700e+00
## 253 225 Creatinina (µM) 76.00000 67.9600000 8.040000e+00
## 254 225 Ácido úrico (µM) 372.00000 343.1596667 2.884033e+01
## 255 225 Albúmina (g/L) 42.50000 75.9840000 -3.348400e+01
## 256 225 Colesterol total (mM) 3.83000 5.2225000 -1.392500e+00
## 257 225 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.05000 1.7142333 -6.642333e-01
## 258 225 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.07000 1.4275920 -3.575920e-01
## 259 225 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.04000 2.7575333 -7.175333e-01
## 260 225 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 84.00000 75.6668333 8.333167e+00
## 261 225 Gamma-GT (U/L) 28.00000 34.9866667 -6.986667e+00
## 262 225 Bilirrubina total (µM) 34.10000 14.6566667 1.944333e+01
## 263 225 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 7.80000 3.9161873 3.883813e+00
## 264 225 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 1.70000 2.8940000 -1.194000e+00
## 265 225 Colinesterasa (U/L) 288.00000 391.9466667 -1.039467e+02
## 266 225 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 628.00000 8.0054000 6.199946e+02
## 267 225 NEUT (%) 60.00000 56.6200000 3.380000e+00
## 268 225 Linfocitos (%) 30.50000 45.4336667 -1.493367e+01
## 269 225 EO (%) 1.10000 2.1063667 -1.006367e+00
## 270 225 Basófilos (%) 0.50000 0.4947667 5.233333e-03# Variables con datos raros
vars_continuas3 <- c("Colesterol total (mM)", "Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L)",
"Urea (mM)", "Creatinina (µM)", "Albúmina (g/L)", "Leucocitos (10^9/L)")
# Calcular límites (media ± 3*SD)
limites <- lapply(vars_continuas3, function(var) {
x <- baseline[[var]]
if (is.numeric(x)) {
media <- mean(x, na.rm = TRUE)
sdv <- sd(x, na.rm = TRUE)
c(inf = media - 3 * sdv, sup = media + 3 * sdv)
} else {
c(inf = NA, sup = NA)
}
})
names(limites) <- vars_continuas3
# Encontrar filas con outliers
outlier_rows <- unique(unlist(lapply(vars_continuas3, function(var) {
if (is.numeric(baseline[[var]])) {
which(baseline[[var]] < limites[[var]]["inf"] | baseline[[var]] > limites[[var]]["sup"])
}
})))
# Extraer las filas con outliers
filas_outliers <- baseline[outlier_rows, ]
# Calcular promedios y desviaciones estándar solo para las variables numéricas
promedios <- sapply(baseline, function(x) if (is.numeric(x)) mean(x, na.rm = TRUE) else NA)
desv_est <- sapply(baseline, function(x) if (is.numeric(x)) sd(x, na.rm = TRUE) else NA)
# Comparar con promedio y desviación estándar
comparaciones <- lapply(1:nrow(filas_outliers), function(i) {
fila <- filas_outliers[i, sapply(baseline, is.numeric)]
data.frame(
Fila = outlier_rows[i],
Variable = names(fila),
Valor = round(as.numeric(fila), 2),
Promedio = round (as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)]), 2),
Dif_SD = round((as.numeric(fila) - as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)])) /
as.numeric(desv_est[names(fila)]), 2),
Dif_por = round(((as.numeric(fila) - as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)])) /
as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)])) * 100, 2),
Dif_num = round(as.numeric(fila) - as.numeric(promedios[names(fila)]), 3)
)
})
# Unir todas las comparaciones
comparaciones_df <- do.call(rbind, comparaciones)
# Mostrar tabla final
print(comparaciones_df)## Fila Variable Valor Promedio Dif_SD Dif_por
## 1 138 Edad 29.00 48.10 -1.63 -39.71
## 2 138 Altura 160.50 168.98 -1.01 -5.02
## 3 138 Peso 64.90 72.04 -0.47 -9.91
## 4 138 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.19 25.13 0.02 0.27
## 5 138 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 77.00 84.41 -0.61 -8.78
## 6 138 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 125.00 126.98 -0.11 -1.56
## 7 138 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 77.00 78.71 -0.13 -2.17
## 8 138 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.30 6.45 -0.63 -17.80
## 9 138 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.42 6.69 -0.39 -19.03
## 10 138 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 40.00 29.88 0.22 33.87
## 11 138 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 24.00 24.98 -0.04 -3.93
## 12 138 Urea (mM) 5.54 6.45 -0.04 -14.05
## 13 138 Creatinina (µM) 55.00 67.96 -0.27 -19.07
## 14 138 Ácido úrico (µM) 334.00 343.16 -0.09 -2.67
## 15 138 Albúmina (g/L) 45.60 75.98 -0.08 -39.99
## 16 138 Colesterol total (mM) 29.10 5.22 14.17 457.20
## 17 138 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.28 1.71 -0.29 -25.33
## 18 138 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.87 1.43 1.39 30.99
## 19 138 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.35 2.76 -0.57 -14.78
## 20 138 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 69.00 75.67 -0.29 -8.81
## 21 138 Gamma-GT (U/L) 33.00 34.99 -0.06 -5.68
## 22 138 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.80 14.66 -0.30 -12.67
## 23 138 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.80 3.92 -0.07 -2.97
## 24 138 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.90 2.89 0.00 0.21
## 25 138 Colinesterasa (U/L) 308.00 391.95 -0.87 -21.42
## 26 138 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.23 8.01 -0.05 -22.18
## 27 138 NEUT (%) 54.50 56.62 -0.30 -3.74
## 28 138 Linfocitos (%) 37.90 45.43 -0.04 -16.58
## 29 138 EO (%) 0.30 2.11 -1.08 -85.76
## 30 138 Basófilos (%) 0.20 0.49 -0.92 -59.58
## 31 4 Edad 34.00 48.10 -1.21 -29.32
## 32 4 Altura 178.00 168.98 1.07 5.34
## 33 4 Peso 68.00 72.04 -0.26 -5.60
## 34 4 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 21.46 25.13 -0.86 -14.59
## 35 4 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 96.00 84.41 0.95 13.73
## 36 4 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 126.00 126.98 -0.05 -0.77
## 37 4 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 94.00 78.71 1.17 19.43
## 38 4 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 11.50 6.45 2.77 78.36
## 39 4 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 12.35 6.69 1.75 84.49
## 40 4 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 703.00 29.88 14.31 2252.74
## 41 4 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 292.00 24.98 10.61 1068.80
## 42 4 Urea (mM) 3.58 6.45 -0.13 -44.46
## 43 4 Creatinina (µM) 52.00 67.96 -0.33 -23.48
## 44 4 Ácido úrico (µM) 337.00 343.16 -0.06 -1.79
## 45 4 Albúmina (g/L) 44.60 75.98 -0.09 -41.30
## 46 4 Colesterol total (mM) 4.45 5.22 -0.46 -14.79
## 47 4 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.39 1.71 -0.22 -18.91
## 48 4 Colesterol HDL (mM) 0.92 1.43 -1.59 -35.56
## 49 4 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.63 2.76 -0.18 -4.62
## 50 4 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 89.00 75.67 0.58 17.62
## 51 4 Gamma-GT (U/L) 195.00 34.99 5.10 457.36
## 52 4 Bilirrubina total (µM) 16.70 14.66 0.33 13.94
## 53 4 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 5.50 3.92 0.93 40.44
## 54 4 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 3.70 2.89 0.41 27.85
## 55 4 Colinesterasa (U/L) 450.00 391.95 0.60 14.81
## 56 4 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.36 8.01 -0.05 -20.55
## 57 4 NEUT (%) 37.60 56.62 -2.67 -33.59
## 58 4 Linfocitos (%) 54.60 45.43 0.05 20.18
## 59 4 EO (%) 1.30 2.11 -0.48 -38.28
## 60 4 Basófilos (%) 0.50 0.49 0.02 1.06
## 61 23 Edad 35.00 48.10 -1.12 -27.24
## 62 23 Altura 180.00 168.98 1.31 6.52
## 63 23 Peso 113.40 72.04 2.70 57.42
## 64 23 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 35.00 25.13 2.33 39.30
## 65 23 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 117.00 84.41 2.66 38.61
## 66 23 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 152.00 126.98 1.37 19.70
## 67 23 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 86.00 78.71 0.56 9.27
## 68 23 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 8.90 6.45 1.34 38.04
## 69 23 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 10.39 6.69 1.14 55.21
## 70 23 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 302.00 29.88 5.78 910.71
## 71 23 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 275.00 24.98 9.94 1000.76
## 72 23 Urea (mM) 3.60 6.45 -0.13 -44.15
## 73 23 Creatinina (µM) 55.00 67.96 -0.27 -19.07
## 74 23 Ácido úrico (µM) 402.00 343.16 0.56 17.15
## 75 23 Albúmina (g/L) 42.90 75.98 -0.09 -43.54
## 76 23 Colesterol total (mM) 8.72 5.22 2.08 66.97
## 77 23 Triglicéridos (mM) 4.10 1.71 1.62 139.17
## 78 23 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.36 1.43 -0.21 -4.73
## 79 23 Colesterol LDL (mM) 5.36 2.76 3.67 94.38
## 80 23 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 110.00 75.67 1.50 45.37
## 81 23 Gamma-GT (U/L) 261.00 34.99 7.21 646.00
## 82 23 Bilirrubina total (µM) 19.40 14.66 0.76 32.36
## 83 23 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 4.20 3.92 0.17 7.25
## 84 23 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 3.90 2.89 0.51 34.76
## 85 23 Colinesterasa (U/L) 530.00 391.95 1.43 35.22
## 86 23 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 5.83 8.01 -0.06 -27.17
## 87 23 NEUT (%) 51.50 56.62 -0.72 -9.04
## 88 23 Linfocitos (%) 34.10 45.43 -0.06 -24.95
## 89 23 EO (%) 5.50 2.11 2.03 161.11
## 90 23 Basófilos (%) 1.20 0.49 2.21 142.54
## 91 43 Edad 36.00 48.10 -1.04 -25.16
## 92 43 Altura 165.00 168.98 -0.47 -2.36
## 93 43 Peso 70.00 72.04 -0.13 -2.83
## 94 43 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.71 25.13 0.14 2.33
## 95 43 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 83.00 84.41 -0.12 -1.67
## 96 43 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 137.00 126.98 0.55 7.89
## 97 43 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 80.00 78.71 0.10 1.64
## 98 43 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 6.51 6.45 0.03 0.97
## 99 43 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 8.52 6.69 0.57 27.27
## 100 43 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 181.00 29.88 3.21 505.76
## 101 43 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 168.00 24.98 5.69 572.46
## 102 43 Urea (mM) 2.82 6.45 -0.16 -56.25
## 103 43 Creatinina (µM) 51.00 67.96 -0.35 -24.96
## 104 43 Ácido úrico (µM) 372.00 343.16 0.28 8.40
## 105 43 Albúmina (g/L) 50.30 75.98 -0.07 -33.80
## 106 43 Colesterol total (mM) 6.19 5.22 0.57 18.53
## 107 43 Triglicéridos (mM) 6.51 1.71 3.26 279.76
## 108 43 Colesterol HDL (mM) 0.95 1.43 -1.50 -33.45
## 109 43 Colesterol LDL (mM) 3.65 2.76 1.26 32.36
## 110 43 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 72.00 75.67 -0.16 -4.85
## 111 43 Gamma-GT (U/L) 120.00 34.99 2.71 242.99
## 112 43 Bilirrubina total (µM) 18.00 14.66 0.54 22.81
## 113 43 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.70 3.92 -0.13 -5.52
## 114 43 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 12.10 2.89 4.67 318.11
## 115 43 Colinesterasa (U/L) 425.00 391.95 0.34 8.43
## 116 43 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 10.50 8.01 0.07 31.16
## 117 43 NEUT (%) 53.00 56.62 -0.51 -6.39
## 118 43 Linfocitos (%) 37.30 45.43 -0.04 -17.90
## 119 43 EO (%) 3.20 2.11 0.65 51.92
## 120 43 Basófilos (%) 0.90 0.49 1.27 81.90
## 121 153 Edad 54.00 48.10 0.50 12.26
## 122 153 Altura 157.00 168.98 -1.42 -7.09
## 123 153 Peso 41.10 72.04 -2.02 -42.95
## 124 153 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 16.67 25.13 -1.99 -33.64
## 125 153 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 59.00 84.41 -2.08 -30.10
## 126 153 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 108.00 126.98 -1.04 -14.95
## 127 153 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 77.00 78.71 -0.13 -2.17
## 128 153 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.80 6.45 -0.35 -10.04
## 129 153 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 4.49 6.69 -0.68 -32.93
## 130 153 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 13.00 29.88 -0.36 -56.49
## 131 153 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 23.00 24.98 -0.08 -7.94
## 132 153 Urea (mM) 397.00 6.45 17.23 6059.14
## 133 153 Creatinina (µM) 64.00 67.96 -0.08 -5.83
## 134 153 Ácido úrico (µM) 234.00 343.16 -1.04 -31.81
## 135 153 Albúmina (g/L) 48.30 75.98 -0.08 -36.43
## 136 153 Colesterol total (mM) 6.15 5.22 0.55 17.76
## 137 153 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.12 1.71 -0.40 -34.66
## 138 153 Colesterol HDL (mM) 2.00 1.43 1.80 40.10
## 139 153 Colesterol LDL (mM) 3.12 2.76 0.51 13.14
## 140 153 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 130.00 75.67 2.37 71.81
## 141 153 Gamma-GT (U/L) 15.00 34.99 -0.64 -57.13
## 142 153 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.80 14.66 -0.30 -12.67
## 143 153 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.70 3.92 -0.72 -31.06
## 144 153 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.10 2.89 -0.40 -27.44
## 145 153 Colinesterasa (U/L) 300.00 391.95 -0.95 -23.46
## 146 153 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 5.47 8.01 -0.07 -31.67
## 147 153 NEUT (%) 60.80 56.62 0.59 7.38
## 148 153 Linfocitos (%) 34.00 45.43 -0.06 -25.17
## 149 153 EO (%) 0.70 2.11 -0.84 -66.77
## 150 153 Basófilos (%) 0.50 0.49 0.02 1.06
## 151 187 Edad 42.00 48.10 -0.52 -12.69
## 152 187 Altura 185.00 168.98 1.90 9.48
## 153 187 Peso 102.00 72.04 1.95 41.60
## 154 187 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 29.80 25.13 1.10 18.61
## 155 187 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 99.00 84.41 1.19 17.28
## 156 187 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 126.00 126.98 -0.05 -0.77
## 157 187 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 79.00 78.71 0.02 0.37
## 158 187 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.60 6.45 -0.46 -13.14
## 159 187 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 30.00 6.69 7.22 348.15
## 160 187 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 25.00 29.88 -0.10 -16.33
## 161 187 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 0.85 24.98 -0.96 -96.60
## 162 187 Urea (mM) 5.50 6.45 -0.04 -14.67
## 163 187 Creatinina (µM) 855.00 67.96 16.40 1158.09
## 164 187 Ácido úrico (µM) 401.00 343.16 0.55 16.86
## 165 187 Albúmina (g/L) 47.00 75.98 -0.08 -38.14
## 166 187 Colesterol total (mM) 5.11 5.22 -0.07 -2.15
## 167 187 Triglicéridos (mM) 3.23 1.71 1.03 88.42
## 168 187 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.17 1.43 -0.81 -18.04
## 169 187 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.76 2.76 0.00 0.09
## 170 187 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 67.00 75.67 -0.38 -11.45
## 171 187 Gamma-GT (U/L) 18.00 34.99 -0.54 -48.55
## 172 187 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.90 14.66 -0.28 -11.99
## 173 187 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 3.40 3.92 -0.30 -13.18
## 174 187 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.10 2.89 -0.40 -27.44
## 175 187 Colinesterasa (U/L) 468.00 391.95 0.79 19.40
## 176 187 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 6.23 8.01 -0.05 -22.18
## 177 187 NEUT (%) 63.50 56.62 0.97 12.15
## 178 187 Linfocitos (%) 27.80 45.43 -0.09 -38.81
## 179 187 EO (%) 1.60 2.11 -0.30 -24.04
## 180 187 Basófilos (%) 0.20 0.49 -0.92 -59.58
## 181 230 Edad 47.00 48.10 -0.09 -2.29
## 182 230 Altura 172.00 168.98 0.36 1.79
## 183 230 Peso 58.80 72.04 -0.86 -18.37
## 184 230 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 19.88 25.13 -1.24 -20.90
## 185 230 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 75.00 84.41 -0.77 -11.15
## 186 230 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 131.00 126.98 0.22 3.16
## 187 230 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 74.00 78.71 -0.36 -5.98
## 188 230 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.40 6.45 -0.57 -16.25
## 189 230 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.20 6.69 -0.46 -22.32
## 190 230 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 11.00 29.88 -0.40 -63.19
## 191 230 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 11.00 24.98 -0.56 -55.97
## 192 230 Urea (mM) 3.21 6.45 -0.14 -50.20
## 193 230 Creatinina (µM) 43.00 67.96 -0.52 -36.73
## 194 230 Ácido úrico (µM) 203.00 343.16 -1.34 -40.84
## 195 230 Albúmina (g/L) 4401.00 75.98 11.77 5692.01
## 196 230 Colesterol total (mM) 4.80 5.22 -0.25 -8.09
## 197 230 Triglicéridos (mM) 0.96 1.71 -0.51 -44.00
## 198 230 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.78 1.43 1.11 24.69
## 199 230 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.26 2.76 -0.70 -18.04
## 200 230 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 44.00 75.67 -1.38 -41.85
## 201 230 Gamma-GT (U/L) 17.00 34.99 -0.57 -51.41
## 202 230 Bilirrubina total (µM) 8.20 14.66 -1.04 -44.05
## 203 230 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.00 3.92 -1.13 -48.93
## 204 230 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 4.80 2.89 0.97 65.86
## 205 230 Colinesterasa (U/L) 284.00 391.95 -1.12 -27.54
## 206 230 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 4.55 8.01 -0.10 -43.16
## 207 230 NEUT (%) 53.10 56.62 -0.49 -6.22
## 208 230 Linfocitos (%) 37.80 45.43 -0.04 -16.80
## 209 230 EO (%) 0.40 2.11 -1.02 -81.01
## 210 230 Basófilos (%) 0.40 0.49 -0.30 -19.15
## 211 298 Edad 44.00 48.10 -0.35 -8.53
## 212 298 Altura 177.00 168.98 0.95 4.75
## 213 298 Peso 83.60 72.04 0.75 16.05
## 214 298 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 26.68 25.13 0.37 6.20
## 215 298 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 90.00 84.41 0.46 6.62
## 216 298 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 130.00 126.98 0.16 2.38
## 217 298 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 88.00 78.71 0.71 11.81
## 218 298 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.70 6.45 -0.41 -11.59
## 219 298 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.03 6.69 -0.52 -24.86
## 220 298 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 43.00 29.88 0.28 43.91
## 221 298 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 29.00 24.98 0.16 16.08
## 222 298 Urea (mM) 5.33 6.45 -0.05 -17.31
## 223 298 Creatinina (µM) 77.00 67.96 0.19 13.30
## 224 298 Ácido úrico (µM) 392.00 343.16 0.47 14.23
## 225 298 Albúmina (g/L) 4701.00 75.98 12.59 6086.83
## 226 298 Colesterol total (mM) 7.01 5.22 1.06 34.23
## 227 298 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.75 1.71 0.02 2.09
## 228 298 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.53 1.43 0.32 7.17
## 229 298 Colesterol LDL (mM) 4.30 2.76 2.17 55.94
## 230 298 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 54.00 75.67 -0.94 -28.63
## 231 298 Gamma-GT (U/L) 19.00 34.99 -0.51 -45.69
## 232 298 Bilirrubina total (µM) 12.50 14.66 -0.35 -14.71
## 233 298 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 2.80 3.92 -0.66 -28.50
## 234 298 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 2.00 2.89 -0.45 -30.89
## 235 298 Colinesterasa (U/L) 449.00 391.95 0.59 14.56
## 236 298 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 4.69 8.01 -0.09 -41.41
## 237 298 NEUT (%) 54.70 56.62 -0.27 -3.39
## 238 298 Linfocitos (%) 39.00 45.43 -0.03 -14.16
## 239 298 EO (%) 0.60 2.11 -0.90 -71.51
## 240 298 Basófilos (%) 0.60 0.49 0.33 21.27
## 241 225 Edad 63.00 48.10 1.27 30.97
## 242 225 Altura 168.50 168.98 -0.06 -0.28
## 243 225 Peso 73.80 72.04 0.12 2.45
## 244 225 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 25.99 25.13 0.20 3.45
## 245 225 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 90.00 84.41 0.46 6.62
## 246 225 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 132.00 126.98 0.27 3.95
## 247 225 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 85.00 78.71 0.48 8.00
## 248 225 Hemoglobina A1c (%) 5.30 6.45 -0.63 -17.80
## 249 225 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 5.08 6.69 -0.50 -24.11
## 250 225 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 17.00 29.88 -0.27 -43.11
## 251 225 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 16.00 24.98 -0.36 -35.96
## 252 225 Urea (mM) 3.50 6.45 -0.13 -45.70
## 253 225 Creatinina (µM) 76.00 67.96 0.17 11.83
## 254 225 Ácido úrico (µM) 372.00 343.16 0.28 8.40
## 255 225 Albúmina (g/L) 42.50 75.98 -0.09 -44.07
## 256 225 Colesterol total (mM) 3.83 5.22 -0.83 -26.66
## 257 225 Triglicéridos (mM) 1.05 1.71 -0.45 -38.75
## 258 225 Colesterol HDL (mM) 1.07 1.43 -1.12 -25.05
## 259 225 Colesterol LDL (mM) 2.04 2.76 -1.01 -26.02
## 260 225 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 84.00 75.67 0.36 11.01
## 261 225 Gamma-GT (U/L) 28.00 34.99 -0.22 -19.97
## 262 225 Bilirrubina total (µM) 34.10 14.66 3.12 132.66
## 263 225 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 7.80 3.92 2.29 99.17
## 264 225 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 1.70 2.89 -0.61 -41.26
## 265 225 Colinesterasa (U/L) 288.00 391.95 -1.08 -26.52
## 266 225 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 628.00 8.01 17.25 7744.70
## 267 225 NEUT (%) 60.00 56.62 0.47 5.97
## 268 225 Linfocitos (%) 30.50 45.43 -0.08 -32.87
## 269 225 EO (%) 1.10 2.11 -0.60 -47.78
## 270 225 Basófilos (%) 0.50 0.49 0.02 1.06
## Dif_num
## 1 -19.103
## 2 -8.481
## 3 -7.136
## 4 0.067
## 5 -7.410
## 6 -1.983
## 7 -1.707
## 8 -1.148
## 9 -1.274
## 10 10.120
## 11 -0.983
## 12 -0.906
## 13 -12.960
## 14 -9.160
## 15 -30.384
## 16 23.878
## 17 -0.434
## 18 0.442
## 19 -0.408
## 20 -6.667
## 21 -1.987
## 22 -1.857
## 23 -0.116
## 24 0.006
## 25 -83.947
## 26 -1.775
## 27 -2.120
## 28 -7.534
## 29 -1.806
## 30 -0.295
## 31 -14.103
## 32 9.019
## 33 -4.036
## 34 -3.666
## 35 11.590
## 36 -0.983
## 37 15.293
## 38 5.053
## 39 5.656
## 40 673.120
## 41 267.017
## 42 -2.866
## 43 -15.960
## 44 -6.160
## 45 -31.384
## 46 -0.772
## 47 -0.324
## 48 -0.508
## 49 -0.128
## 50 13.333
## 51 160.013
## 52 2.043
## 53 1.584
## 54 0.806
## 55 58.053
## 56 -1.645
## 57 -19.020
## 58 9.166
## 59 -0.806
## 60 0.005
## 61 -13.103
## 62 11.019
## 63 41.364
## 64 9.874
## 65 32.590
## 66 25.017
## 67 7.293
## 68 2.453
## 69 3.696
## 70 272.120
## 71 250.017
## 72 -2.846
## 73 -12.960
## 74 58.840
## 75 -33.084
## 76 3.498
## 77 2.386
## 78 -0.068
## 79 2.602
## 80 34.333
## 81 226.013
## 82 4.743
## 83 0.284
## 84 1.006
## 85 138.053
## 86 -2.175
## 87 -5.120
## 88 -11.334
## 89 3.394
## 90 0.705
## 91 -12.103
## 92 -3.981
## 93 -2.036
## 94 0.585
## 95 -1.410
## 96 10.017
## 97 1.293
## 98 0.062
## 99 1.826
## 100 151.120
## 101 143.017
## 102 -3.626
## 103 -16.960
## 104 28.840
## 105 -25.684
## 106 0.968
## 107 4.796
## 108 -0.478
## 109 0.892
## 110 -3.667
## 111 85.013
## 112 3.343
## 113 -0.216
## 114 9.206
## 115 33.053
## 116 2.495
## 117 -3.620
## 118 -8.134
## 119 1.094
## 120 0.405
## 121 5.897
## 122 -11.981
## 123 -30.936
## 124 -8.452
## 125 -25.410
## 126 -18.983
## 127 -1.707
## 128 -0.647
## 129 -2.204
## 130 -16.880
## 131 -1.983
## 132 390.554
## 133 -3.960
## 134 -109.160
## 135 -27.684
## 136 0.928
## 137 -0.594
## 138 0.572
## 139 0.362
## 140 54.333
## 141 -19.987
## 142 -1.857
## 143 -1.216
## 144 -0.794
## 145 -91.947
## 146 -2.535
## 147 4.180
## 148 -11.434
## 149 -1.406
## 150 0.005
## 151 -6.103
## 152 16.019
## 153 29.964
## 154 4.676
## 155 14.590
## 156 -0.983
## 157 0.293
## 158 -0.848
## 159 23.306
## 160 -4.880
## 161 -24.133
## 162 -0.946
## 163 787.040
## 164 57.840
## 165 -28.984
## 166 -0.112
## 167 1.516
## 168 -0.258
## 169 0.002
## 170 -8.667
## 171 -16.987
## 172 -1.757
## 173 -0.516
## 174 -0.794
## 175 76.053
## 176 -1.775
## 177 6.880
## 178 -17.634
## 179 -0.506
## 180 -0.295
## 181 -1.103
## 182 3.019
## 183 -13.236
## 184 -5.251
## 185 -9.410
## 186 4.017
## 187 -4.707
## 188 -1.047
## 189 -1.494
## 190 -18.880
## 191 -13.983
## 192 -3.236
## 193 -24.960
## 194 -140.160
## 195 4325.016
## 196 -0.423
## 197 -0.754
## 198 0.352
## 199 -0.498
## 200 -31.667
## 201 -17.987
## 202 -6.457
## 203 -1.916
## 204 1.906
## 205 -107.947
## 206 -3.455
## 207 -3.520
## 208 -7.634
## 209 -1.706
## 210 -0.095
## 211 -4.103
## 212 8.019
## 213 11.564
## 214 1.558
## 215 5.590
## 216 3.017
## 217 9.293
## 218 -0.747
## 219 -1.664
## 220 13.120
## 221 4.017
## 222 -1.116
## 223 9.040
## 224 48.840
## 225 4625.016
## 226 1.787
## 227 0.036
## 228 0.102
## 229 1.542
## 230 -21.667
## 231 -15.987
## 232 -2.157
## 233 -1.116
## 234 -0.894
## 235 57.053
## 236 -3.315
## 237 -1.920
## 238 -6.434
## 239 -1.506
## 240 0.105
## 241 14.897
## 242 -0.481
## 243 1.764
## 244 0.867
## 245 5.590
## 246 5.017
## 247 6.293
## 248 -1.148
## 249 -1.614
## 250 -12.880
## 251 -8.983
## 252 -2.946
## 253 8.040
## 254 28.840
## 255 -33.484
## 256 -1.393
## 257 -0.664
## 258 -0.358
## 259 -0.718
## 260 8.333
## 261 -6.987
## 262 19.443
## 263 3.884
## 264 -1.194
## 265 -103.947
## 266 619.995
## 267 3.380
## 268 -14.934
## 269 -1.006
## 270 0.005vars_porcentuales <- c("Neutrófilos (%)","Linfocitos (%)","Eosinófilos (%)","Basófilos (%)", "Hemoglobina A1c (%)")
# Generar un histograma con curva normal por cada variable
for (var in vars_porcentuales ) {
# Convertir a numérico por seguridad
b <- suppressWarnings(as.numeric(na.omit(baseline[[var]])))
if (length(b) > 1) { # sólo si hay datos suficientes
media <- mean(b)
desv <- sd(b)
x_min <- media - 4 * desv
x_max <- media + 4 * desv
hist(b, probability = TRUE,
main = paste("Histograma con curva normal:", var),
col = "lightblue", xlab = var,
xlim = c(x_min, x_max))
curve(dnorm(x, mean = media, sd = desv),
from = x_min, to = x_max,
col = "red", lwd = 2, add = TRUE)
}
}
Shapiro test
resultados_shapiro <- data.frame(Variable = character(),
Valor_p = numeric(),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
for (var in vars_continuas) {
b <- na.omit(baseline[[var]])
if (length(b) >= 3 && length(b) <= 5000) { # de por sí el límite es 5000 obs
test <- shapiro.test(b)
resultados_shapiro <- rbind(resultados_shapiro,
data.frame(Variable = var,
Valor_p = round(test$p.value, 4)))
} else {
resultados_shapiro <- rbind(resultados_shapiro,
data.frame(Variable = var,
Valor_p = NA))
}
}
print(resultados_shapiro)## Variable Valor_p
## 1 Edad 0.0002
## 2 Altura 0.0891
## 3 Peso 0.0009
## 4 Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²) 0.0014
## 5 Circunferencia de cintura (cm) 0.0102
## 6 Presión sistólica (mm Hg) 0.0000
## 7 Presión diastólica (mm Hg) 0.0415
## 8 Glucosa en ayunas (mM) 0.0000
## 9 Colesterol total (mM) 0.0000
## 10 Triglicéridos (mM) 0.0000
## 11 Colesterol HDL (mM) 0.1502
## 12 Colesterol LDL (mM) 0.0000
## 13 Alanina aminotransferasa (U/L) 0.0000
## 14 Aspartato aminotransferasa (U/L) 0.0000
## 15 Urea (mM) 0.0000
## 16 Creatinina (µM) 0.0000
## 17 Ácido úrico (µM) 0.0015
## 18 Albúmina (g/L) 0.0000
## 19 Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L) 0.0000
## 20 Gamma-GT (U/L) 0.0000
## 21 Bilirrubina total (µM) 0.0000
## 22 Bilirrubina directa (µM) 0.0000
## 23 Ácidos biliares totales (µM) 0.0000
## 24 Colinesterasa (U/L) 0.0008
## 25 Leucocitos (10^9/L) 0.0000QQ plots
# QQ-plot pora cada var_continua
for (var in vars_continuas) {
b <- na.omit(baseline[[var]])
#revisar que la variable sea numérica
if (is.numeric(b) && length(b) >= 3) {
qqnorm(b,
main = paste("QQ-plot:", var),
col = "blue", pch = 19, cex = 0.6)
qqline(b, col = "red", lwd = 2)
} else {
message(paste("Variable omitida:", var, "- no numérica o con pocos datos"))
}
}
Mahalanobis
datos <- iris[, 1:4]
# vector de medias
center <- colMeans(datos)
# matriz de covarianza
cov_matrix <- cov(datos)
#distancia de mahalanobis
dist_mahal <- mahalanobis(datos, center, cov_matrix)
# Primeras distancias
head(dist_mahal)## [1] 2.134468 2.849119 2.081339 2.452382 2.462155 3.883418# Distancias
boxplot(dist_mahal,
main = "Distancia de Mahalanobis",
ylab = "D² (desviaciones multivariadas)",
col = "lightblue")
#95IC
umbral <- qchisq(0.95, df = ncol(datos))
#outliers
outliers <- which(dist_mahal > umbral)
outliers## [1] 16 42 107 115 118 132 135 136 142#Gráfico
plot(dist_mahal, pch = 19, col = "steelblue",
main = "Distancia de Mahalanobis por observación",
ylab = "D²", xlab = "Observación")
abline(h = umbral, col = "red", lwd = 2, lty = 2)
#Etiquetas para los outliers
text(outliers, dist_mahal[outliers], labels = outliers, pos = 3, col = "red")