Congress Electorate Analysis
Manan
2025-09-05
Electorate Change analysis
##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing (2009–2024)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_change_percent -0.554*** -0.696*** -0.168*** -0.287***
## (0.057) (0.057) (0.057) (0.061)
## Constant 3.775*** 8.667 -8.932*** -0.347
## (0.769) (9.098) (1.096) (8.392)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,052 1,052 1,052 1,052
## R2 0.084 0.240 0.249 0.360
## Adjusted R2 0.083 0.214 0.246 0.336
## Residual Std. Error 13.869 (df = 1050) 12.842 (df = 1015) 12.570 (df = 1048) 11.798 (df = 1013)
## F Statistic 95.667*** (df = 1; 1050) 8.926*** (df = 36; 1015) 115.594*** (df = 3; 1048) 15.005*** (df = 38; 1013)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 125 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 125 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing (1991–2004)
## ==============================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent -0.338*** -0.447*** 0.022 -0.078
## (0.050) (0.051) (0.054) (0.058)
## Constant 0.338 7.707 -9.825*** -4.184
## (0.592) (7.885) (0.961) (7.553)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,226 1,226 1,226 1,226
## R2 0.037 0.153 0.153 0.239
## Adjusted R2 0.036 0.131 0.151 0.217
## Residual Std. Error 14.331 (df = 1224) 13.607 (df = 1193) 13.446 (df = 1222) 12.913 (df = 1191)
## F Statistic 46.520*** (df = 1; 1224) 6.757*** (df = 32; 1193) 73.737*** (df = 3; 1222) 10.995*** (df = 34; 1191)
## ==============================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 53 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 175 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 151 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 53 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
Turnout change Analysis
##
## Effect of Turnout Change on INC Vote Swing (2009–2024)
## =========================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## turnout_change -0.612*** -0.843*** 0.233*** -0.009
## (0.071) (0.070) (0.083) (0.091)
## Constant -0.597 2.152 -13.535*** -4.136
## (0.485) (9.117) (0.928) (8.467)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,047 1,047 1,047 1,047
## R2 0.067 0.238 0.249 0.347
## Adjusted R2 0.066 0.211 0.247 0.323
## Residual Std. Error 14.029 (df = 1045) 12.893 (df = 1010) 12.595 (df = 1043) 11.946 (df = 1008)
## F Statistic 75.156*** (df = 1; 1045) 8.783*** (df = 36; 1010) 115.569*** (df = 3; 1043) 14.125*** (df = 38; 1008)
## =========================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 68 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 118 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##
## Effect of Turnout Change on INC Vote Swing (1991–2004)
## ========================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change 0.276*** 0.262*** 0.276*** 0.268***
## (0.060) (0.060) (0.056) (0.055)
## Constant -3.039*** 1.776 -9.853*** -5.493
## (0.432) (7.975) (0.618) (7.379)
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,212 1,212 1,212 1,212
## R2 0.017 0.116 0.164 0.248
## Adjusted R2 0.016 0.092 0.162 0.227
## Residual Std. Error 14.377 (df = 1210) 13.813 (df = 1179) 13.271 (df = 1208) 12.747 (df = 1177)
## F Statistic 21.013*** (df = 1; 1210) 4.830*** (df = 32; 1179) 78.894*** (df = 3; 1208) 11.437*** (df = 34; 1177)
## ========================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 54 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 221 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 54 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 54 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
Analysis from 1977 to 1989
##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing (1977-1989)
## =====================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent -0.718***
## (0.040)
##
## Constant 12.711***
## (0.773)
##
## -----------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,426
## R2 0.186
## Adjusted R2 0.185
## Residual Std. Error 13.933 (df = 1424)
## F Statistic 325.169*** (df = 1; 1424)
## =====================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing with State Fixed Effects (1977-1989)
## =====================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent -0.747***
## (0.040)
##
## Constant 14.218*
## (8.020)
##
## -----------------------------------------------------
## State FE Yes
## -----------------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,426
## R2 0.219
## Adjusted R2 0.202
## Residual Std. Error 13.788 (df = 1395)
## F Statistic 13.033*** (df = 30; 1395)
## =====================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing with State & Year Fixed Effects (1977–1989)
## =====================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent 0.061
## (0.067)
##
## Constant 2.364
## (7.407)
##
## -----------------------------------------------------
## State FE Yes
## Year FE Yes
## Observations 1,426
## R2 0.352
## Adjusted R2 0.337
## Residual Std. Error 12.572 (df = 1393)
## F Statistic 23.596*** (df = 32; 1393)
## =====================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 151 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 151 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 151 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 53 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 2228 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 20 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##
## Effect of turnout change on INC Vote Swing (1977-1989)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change 0.003
## (0.057)
##
## Constant 0.278
## (0.409)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,427
## R2 0.00000
## Adjusted R2 -0.001
## Residual Std. Error 15.391 (df = 1425)
## F Statistic 0.003 (df = 1; 1425)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of turnout change on INC Vote Swing with State Fixed Effects (1977-1989)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change 0.020
## (0.061)
##
## Constant -3.742
## (8.867)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## State FE Yes
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,427
## R2 0.025
## Adjusted R2 0.004
## Residual Std. Error 15.357 (df = 1396)
## F Statistic 1.178 (df = 30; 1396)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Swing with State & Year Fixed Effects (1977–1989)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Vote_Swing
## -----------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change -0.332***
## (0.061)
##
## Constant 2.238
## (7.155)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## State FE Yes
## Year FE Yes
## Observations 1,427
## R2 0.369
## Adjusted R2 0.355
## Residual Std. Error 12.359 (df = 1394)
## F Statistic 25.506*** (df = 32; 1394)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 353 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 939 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 715 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 535 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 6 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 2189 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 9 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 2189 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 9 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
Distribution and relationship between variables used
##
## Relationship between electorate change% and turnout change(1977- 1989)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent
## -----------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change -0.347***
## (0.032)
##
## Constant 17.296***
## (0.237)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,426
## R2 0.078
## Adjusted R2 0.077
## Residual Std. Error 8.912 (df = 1424)
## F Statistic 119.632*** (df = 1; 1424)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Relationship between electorate change% and turnout change(1991- 2004)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent
## -----------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change -0.205***
## (0.029)
##
## Constant 9.147***
## (0.243)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,226
## R2 0.039
## Adjusted R2 0.039
## Residual Std. Error 8.107 (df = 1224)
## F Statistic 50.169*** (df = 1; 1224)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Relationship between electorate change% and turnout change(2009-2024)
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Electorate_change_percent
## -----------------------------------------------
## turnout_change 0.242***
## (0.039)
##
## Constant 10.634***
## (0.265)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 1,047
## R2 0.036
## Adjusted R2 0.035
## Residual Std. Error 7.657 (df = 1045)
## F Statistic 39.424*** (df = 1; 1045)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_density()`).
## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).
Voteshare Analysis
##
## Effect of Turnout Change on INC Vote Share (2009–2024)
## ======================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## vote_share
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## turnout_change -0.154* -0.319*** 0.281*** -0.142*
## (0.080) (0.060) (0.101) (0.083)
## Constant 29.414*** 44.984*** 23.559*** 45.086***
## (0.549) (7.778) (1.135) (7.680)
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,047 1,047 1,047 1,047
## R2 0.004 0.538 0.064 0.553
## Adjusted R2 0.003 0.522 0.062 0.536
## Residual Std. Error 15.882 (df = 1045) 11.000 (df = 1010) 15.405 (df = 1043) 10.836 (df = 1008)
## F Statistic 3.709* (df = 1; 1045) 32.672*** (df = 36; 1010) 23.897*** (df = 3; 1043) 32.763*** (df = 38; 1008)
## ======================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of Turnout Change on INC Vote Share (1991–2004)
## =========================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## vote_share
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Turnout_change 0.218*** 0.177*** 0.240*** 0.175***
## (0.068) (0.050) (0.066) (0.050)
## Constant 33.072*** 52.375*** 28.813*** 50.014***
## (0.470) (6.414) (0.706) (6.361)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203
## R2 0.009 0.509 0.072 0.521
## Adjusted R2 0.008 0.496 0.069 0.507
## Residual Std. Error 15.582 (df = 1201) 11.109 (df = 1170) 15.091 (df = 1199) 10.988 (df = 1168)
## F Statistic 10.452*** (df = 1; 1201) 37.916*** (df = 32; 1170) 30.831*** (df = 3; 1199) 37.294*** (df = 34; 1168)
## =========================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
##
## Effect of Electorate Change on INC Vote Share (2009–2024)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## vote_share
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_change_percent -0.252*** -0.249*** -0.098 -0.155***
## (0.064) (0.049) (0.070) (0.055)
## Constant 31.841*** 47.301*** 27.459*** 46.582***
## (0.875) (7.798) (1.346) (7.680)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,052 1,052 1,052 1,052
## R2 0.014 0.537 0.059 0.555
## Adjusted R2 0.013 0.520 0.057 0.538
## Residual Std. Error 15.786 (df = 1050) 11.006 (df = 1015) 15.437 (df = 1048) 10.797 (df = 1013)
## F Statistic 15.297*** (df = 1; 1050) 32.677*** (df = 36; 1015) 21.994*** (df = 3; 1048) 33.272*** (df = 38; 1013)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01##
## Effect of Turnout Change on INC Vote Share (1991–2004)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Dependent variable:
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## vote_share
## (1) (2) (3) (4)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Electorate_Change_Percent -0.352*** -0.160*** -0.226*** -0.053
## (0.053) (0.041) (0.061) (0.049)
## Constant 36.564*** 54.504*** 32.589*** 50.982***
## (0.632) (6.430) (1.076) (6.453)
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## State FE No Yes No Yes
## Year FE No No Yes Yes
## Observations 1,226 1,226 1,226 1,226
## R2 0.035 0.506 0.070 0.513
## Adjusted R2 0.034 0.493 0.068 0.499
## Residual Std. Error 15.314 (df = 1224) 11.096 (df = 1193) 15.046 (df = 1222) 11.032 (df = 1191)
## F Statistic 44.155*** (df = 1; 1224) 38.201*** (df = 32; 1193) 30.597*** (df = 3; 1222) 36.849*** (df = 34; 1191)
## ===============================================================================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 82 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 31 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 34 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Rows: 2317 Columns: 40
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (3): State_Name, Constituency_Name, contest_type.x
## dbl (37): Constituency_No, VS_2009, turnout_2009, Electors_2009, VS_2014, tu...
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 65 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 65 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## Rows: 2317 Columns: 40
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (3): State_Name, Constituency_Name, contest_type.x
## dbl (37): Constituency_No, VS_2009, turnout_2009, Electors_2009, VS_2014, tu...
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 50 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 59 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 59 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 59 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## Rows: 2,667
## Columns: 33
## $ State_Name <chr> "Andaman_&_Nicobar_Islands", "Andhra_Pradesh…
## $ Constituency_No <int> 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13…
## $ Constituency_Name <chr> "ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS", "SRIKAKULAM", "…
## $ VS_1977 <dbl> 58.45, 49.12, 55.00, 51.75, 51.00, 59.91, 54…
## $ Elec_1977 <int> 85308, 585062, 655999, 635653, 626272, 59892…
## $ Turnout_1977 <dbl> 71.00, 65.11, 48.35, 52.01, 53.74, 43.25, 51…
## $ VS_1980 <dbl> 53.29, 49.33, 44.84, 64.34, 50.50, 53.35, 46…
## $ Elec_1980 <int> 96084, 647603, 619702, 651967, 723703, 66934…
## $ Turnout_1980 <dbl> 82.11, 61.78, 57.00, 45.10, 56.52, 41.31, 54…
## $ contest_type <chr> "INC vs Other Party", "INC vs Other Party", …
## $ Position <int> 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,…
## $ Vote_Swing <dbl> -5.16, 0.21, -10.16, 12.59, -0.50, -6.56, -7…
## $ Turnout_change <dbl> 11.11, -3.33, 8.65, -6.91, 2.78, -1.94, 2.27…
## $ Electorate_Change_Percent <dbl> 12.6318751, 10.6896363, -5.5330877, 2.566494…
## $ period <chr> "1977 – 1980", "1977 – 1980", "1977 – 1980",…
## $ VS_1984 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_1984 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_1984 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ VS_1989 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_1989 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_1989 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ VS_1991 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_1991 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_1991 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ VS_1996 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_1996 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_1996 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ VS_1999 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_1999 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_1999 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ VS_2004 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Turnout_2004 <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ Elec_2004 <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 34 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 305 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 305 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 228 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 228 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 575 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 575 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 562 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 562 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 573 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 573 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 562 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 562 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).