Research Question:

# Do men and women differ in their use of politeness markers (e.g., please, sir/ma, abeg) in WhatsApp group chats?

Process

Methods

# Gather requests from class WhatsApp groups. Categorise by presence/absence of politeness markers.

Data

# Load your dataset.

Visualisation in R:

# Grouped bar chart: Politeness marker use (Yes/No) across gender. # Could also compute percentages.

Analysis

Create a New Project

# Click on File, go to New File, New Directory, New Project, type the Drectory name: ‘RPracticals’, Click on ‘Browse’ and locate ‘Desktop’, Check ‘Use renv with this project’ and click on ‘Create Project’. # This process automatically creates a folder ‘RPracticals’ with ‘renv’ on the Desktop.

# installpackages install.packages(“dplyr”) install.packages(“ggplot2”)

# Load packages library(dplyr) library(ggplot2)

dataset

requests <- data.frame( RequestID = 1:12, Gender = c(“Male”,“Male”,“Male”,“Female”,“Female”,“Female”, “Male”,“Female”,“Male”,“Female”,“Male”,“Female”), Polite = c(“Yes”,“No”,“Yes”,“Yes”,“No”,“Yes”, “No”,“Yes”,“Yes”,“No”,“Yes”,“No”) )

Summarise counts

summary <- requests %>% group_by(Gender, Polite) %>% summarise(count = n(), .groups = ‘drop’)

Plot

ggplot(summary, aes(x = Gender, y = count, fill = Polite)) + geom_bar(stat = “identity”, position = “dodge”) + labs(title = “Politeness Markers in Requests by Gender”, x = “Gender”, y = “Count”)

Discussion

#Interpret your results here. What does the graph show? How does it answer your question?

Conclusion

#Summarise your findings in 2–3 sentences.

# Save your work as “RPractical_2” in the “RPracticals” folder you created on the Desktop.