Effect Summary (χ² and Cramér’s V)
Full vs Treated vs Matched
Scale Chi-squared (χ²) df P-value Cramér’s V N Min exp. Cells <5 (exp.) Δ Minimal/No (n, %) Significance
GAD-7
(full)
8.305 3 0.0401 0.119 589 15.210 0.0% 27 (16.3%) *
CES-D 10
(full)
11.471 3 0.0094 0.140 589 6.870 0.0% 31 (27.2%) **
GAD-7
(treated)
8.294 3 0.0403 0.118 591 15.210 0.0% 27 (16.2%) *
CES-D 10
(treated)
11.412 3 0.0097 0.139 591 6.870 0.0% 31 (27.2%) **
GAD-7
(matched)
10.579 3 0.0142 0.143 516 13.500 0.0% 36 (26.3%) *
CES-D 10
(matched)
11.614 3 0.0088 0.150 516 7.000 0.0% 34 (37.8%) **
Significance codes: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, † p<0.10 (marginal), ns = not significant.
Cramér’s V = strength of before–after association in the 2×4 table (0 = no shift; higher = stronger). Heuristics in health/social data: ~0.10 small, ~0.30 medium, ~0.50 large. Min exp. / Cells <5 check χ² assumptions; a large share of cells <5 may weaken the χ² approximation.
Δ Minimal/No (n, %) shows the net flow into the best category (After − Before), as counts and percentages.