PEU Data Analysis

Author

Dr Samuel Blay Nguah

Importing and cleaning data

Code
df_missed_1 <- 
    data1 %>% 
    janitor::clean_names() %>% 
    rename(
        missed_vac_prev_admin = for_children_who_have_missed_some_vaccinations_did_the_child_also_miss_opportunities_for_immunization_during_previous_admissions,
        missed_vac_prev_opp = in_children_with_missed_immunizations_did_the_child_miss_opportunities_for_immunization_during_previous_admissions_or_opd_consultations,
        deworm_6_mths = deworming_within_the_past_6_months_non_applicable_for_children_under_1_year, 
        eats_iron_rich_foods = does_the_child_eat_adequate_iron_rich_foods_regularly_e_g_meat_beans_leafy_vegetables, 
        eclusive_bf = was_exclusive_breastfeeding_done_for_at_least_4_months_in_older_children, 
        missed_vac_reason = if_missed_vaccination_give_reason_for_incomplete_vaccination_status, 
        med_history = does_the_child_have_a_history_of_the_following_check_all_that_applies,
        txn_3_months = recent_blood_transfusion_past_3_months_before_admission,
        adm_clinical_features = clinical_features_at_admission_select_all_that_apply, 
        blood_loss_3_mths = recent_blood_loss_past_3_months_before_admission,
        iron_supp_3mths = iron_supplementation_within_the_past_3_months,
        bld_film_comments = blood_film_comment_check_all_that_applies,
        anemia_type = type_of_anemia_diagnosed_if_applicable, 
        bld_txn_required = was_blood_transfusion_required, 
        dura_hosp = duration_of_hospital_stay_days,
        oth_med_hx = other_medical_history_specify, 
        mal_prev_measure = malaria_prevention_measures, 
        picu_admission = was_patient_admitted_to_picu, 
        disch_diag = discharge_diagnosis_list, 
        oth_lab_findings = other_laboratory_findings) %>% 
    mutate(
        sid = row_number(),
        missed_imm = case_when(
            immunization_status == "Fully vaccinated for age" ~ "No",
            immunization_status == "Not vaccinated" ~ "Yes",
            immunization_status == "Partially vaccinated for age" ~ "Yes"),
        age_months = interval(date_of_birth, date_of_admission) %>% 
            time_length("months"), 
        age_years = interval(date_of_birth, date_of_admission) %>% 
            time_length("yearss"),
        age_less_5yrs = case_when(age_years < 5 ~ "Yes", TRUE ~ "No"), 
        family_income = factor(
            family_income, 
            levels = c("Low", "Middle", "High")),
        outcome = case_when(
            outcome_at_discharge == "Died" ~ "Died", TRUE ~ "Survived") %>% 
            factor(levels = c("Survived", "Died"))) %>% 
    select(-c(column_43, column_42)) 

df_missed_2 <- 
    data2 %>% 
    janitor::clean_names() %>% 
    rename(
        resp_diff = respiratory_difficulty_fast_breathing,
        c_chd = cyanotic_congenital_heart_disease,
        a_chd = acyanotic_congenital_heart_disease)

df_missed <- 
    df_missed_1 %>% 
    full_join(df_missed_2)
Joining with `by = join_by(study_id)`
Code
df_missed <- 
    df_missed %>% 
    labelled::set_variable_labels(
        missed_imm = "Missed immunization",
        age_years = "Age in Years", 
        gender = "Sex",
        age_less_5yrs = "Age < 5 Years", 
        residence = "Residence type", 
        maternal_education = "Maternal Educational Level",
        paternal_education = "Maternal Educational Level",
        family_income = "Family Income",
        outcome = "Outcome of Admission", 
        dura_hosp = "Duration of Hospitalization", 
        picu_admission = "PICU Admission",
        chronic_condition = "Chronic Medical Condition", 
        hb_g_dl = "Hemoglobin (g.dL)",
        fever = "Fever", 
        weakness = "Weakness",
        resp_diff = "Respiratory Difficulty", 
        vomiting = "Vomiting",
        swelling_of_face = "Bodily Swelling") 

df_missed %>% summarytools::dfSummary()
Data Frame Summary  
df_missed  
Dimensions: 306 x 71  
Duplicates: 0  

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No   Variable                    Label                         Stats / Values                  Freqs (% of Valid)    Graph                  Valid      Missing  
---- --------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------
1    timestamp                                                 min : 2025-02-08 11:34:12.41    306 distinct values     :                    306        0        
     [POSIXct,                                                 med : 2025-02-28 07:51:33.117                         . :                    (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
     POSIXt]                                                   max : 2025-06-27 10:27:25.58                          : :                                        
                                                               range : 4m 18d 22H 53M 13.2S                          : :   .                                    
                                                                                                                     : : : :   .                                

2    study_id                                                  Mean (sd) : 153.7 (88.7)        306 distinct values   : : : : : :            306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      : : : : : :            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               1 < 153.5 < 307                                       : : : : : :                                
                                                               IQR (CV) : 152.5 (0.6)                                : : : : : :                                
                                                                                                                     : : : : : : .                              

3    date_of_admission                                         min : 2024-10-08                109 distinct values       :                  306        0        
     [POSIXct,                                                 med : 2024-12-17                                          :                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
     POSIXt]                                                   max : 2025-05-05                                          :                                      
                                                               range : 6m 27d                                            : :   : .                              
                                                                                                                       : : : : : : : . .                        

4    date_of_birth                                             min : 2007-10-18                287 distinct values                     :    306        0        
     [POSIXct,                                                 med : 2021-11-11                                                        :    (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
     POSIXt]                                                   max : 2024-12-28                                                      . :                        
                                                               range : 17y 2m 10d                                                  . : :                        
                                                                                                                         : : . : : : : :                        

5    gender                      Sex                           1. Female                       135 (44.1%)           IIIIIIII               306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Male                         171 (55.9%)           IIIIIIIIIII            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

6    residence                   Residence type                1. Rural                        126 (41.2%)           IIIIIIII               306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Urban                        180 (58.8%)           IIIIIIIIIII            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

7    maternal_education          Maternal Educational Level    1. None                          32 (10.5%)           II                     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Primary                      125 (40.8%)           IIIIIIII               (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Secondary                    100 (32.7%)           IIIIII                                     
                                                               4. Tertiary                      49 (16.0%)           III                                        

8    paternal_education          Maternal Educational Level    1. None                          44 (14.4%)           II                     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Primary                       93 (30.4%)           IIIIII                 (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Secondary                    109 (35.6%)           IIIIIII                                    
                                                               4. Tertiary                      60 (19.6%)           III                                        

9    family_income               Family Income                 1. Low                          215 (70.3%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIII         306        0        
     [factor]                                                  2. Middle                        80 (26.1%)           IIIII                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. High                          11 ( 3.6%)                                                      

10   med_history                                               1. None                         79 (31.0%)            IIIIII                 255        51       
     [character]                                               2. Sickle Cell disease          34 (13.3%)            II                     (83.3%)    (16.7%)  
                                                               3. Malnutrition                 23 ( 9.0%)            I                                          
                                                               4. Dehydration                  12 ( 4.7%)                                                       
                                                               5. G6PD                          8 ( 3.1%)                                                       
                                                               6. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE      6 ( 2.4%)                                                       
                                                               7. Malnutrition, Dehydration     4 ( 1.6%)                                                       
                                                               8. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART     3 ( 1.2%)                                                       
                                                               9. Malnutrition, HIV             3 ( 1.2%)                                                       
                                                               10. HIV                          2 ( 0.8%)                                                       
                                                               [ 76 others ]                   81 (31.8%)            IIIIII                                     

11   oth_med_hx                                                1. SS                            6 ( 6.0%)            I                      100        206      
     [character]                                               2. FTT                           2 ( 2.0%)                                   (32.7%)    (67.3%)  
                                                               3. HAEMOTRANSFUSED BEFORE RE     2 ( 2.0%)                                                       
                                                               4. NEWLY DIAGNOSED G6PD FULL     2 ( 2.0%)                                                       
                                                               5. SAM                           2 ( 2.0%)                                                       
                                                               6. ADMITTED TO MBU POST DELI     1 ( 1.0%)                                                       
                                                               7. Appendicectomy done 2 mon     1 ( 1.0%)                                                       
                                                               8. BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA        1 ( 1.0%)                                                       
                                                               9. BOTH PARENTS ABROAD; PATI     1 ( 1.0%)                                                       
                                                               10. BOTH PARENTS ARE BEGGARS
     1 ( 1.0%)                                                       
                                                               [ 81 others ]                   81 (81.0%)            IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                           

12   eats_iron_rich_foods                                      1. No                           123 (40.2%)           IIIIIIII               306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Non applicable                25 ( 8.2%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Yes                          158 (51.6%)           IIIIIIIIII                                 

13   eclusive_bf                                               1. No                           129 (42.2%)           IIIIIIII               306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          177 (57.8%)           IIIIIIIIIII            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

14   blood_loss_3_mths                                         1. BLEEDING FROM THE EARS         1 ( 0.3%)                                  306        0        
     [character]                                               2. EPISTAXIS                      2 ( 0.7%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Gastrointestinal bleeding     14 ( 4.6%)                                                      
                                                               4. Gastrointestinal bleeding      1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               5. GUM BLEEDING                   1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               6. HAEMATOMA AND HAEMARTHROS      1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               7. Intravascular bleeding        11 ( 3.6%)                                                      
                                                               8. Menstrual bleeding             3 ( 1.0%)                                                      
                                                               9. None                         272 (88.9%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                          

15   txn_3_months                                              1. No                           281 (91.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           25 ( 8.2%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

16   mal_prev_measure                                          1. ITN                          145 (47.4%)           IIIIIIIII              306        0        
     [character]                                               2. ITN, Mosquito sprays/coil      3 ( 1.0%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. ITN, PROTECTIVE CLOTHES        1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               4. MOSQUITO REPELLANT             1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               5. Mosquito sprays/coils         85 (27.8%)           IIIII                                      
                                                               6. None                          69 (22.5%)           IIII                                       
                                                               7. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING            1 ( 0.3%)                                                      
                                                               8. Repellant                      1 ( 0.3%)                                                      

17   deworm_6_mths                                             1. No                           110 (35.9%)           IIIIIII                306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Non applicable                54 (17.6%)           III                    (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Yes                          142 (46.4%)           IIIIIIIII                                  

18   iron_supp_3mths                                           1. No                           183 (59.8%)           IIIIIIIIIII            306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          123 (40.2%)           IIIIIIII               (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

19   immunization_status                                       1. Fully vaccinated for age     228 (74.5%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIII         306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Not vaccinated                 3 ( 1.0%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Partially vaccinated for      75 (24.5%)           IIII                                       

20   adm_clinical_features                                     1. Fever                         10 ( 3.3%)                                  306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Diarrhoea, Vomiting            6 ( 2.0%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Fever, Weakness                6 ( 2.0%)                                                      
                                                               4. Fever, Respiratory diffic      5 ( 1.6%)                                                      
                                                               5. Fever, Diarrhoea               4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               6. Fever, Diarrhoea, Vomitin      4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               7. Fever, Respiratory diffic      4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               8. Fever, Respiratory diffic      4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               9. Fever, SEIZURES                4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               10. Fever, Swelling of face,      4 ( 1.3%)                                                      
                                                               [ 202 others ]                  255 (83.3%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                           

21   hb_g_dl                     Hemoglobin (g.dL)             Mean (sd) : 9.8 (2.7)           102 distinct values         . :              306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                          . : :              (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               2.2 < 9.9 < 20                                            : : : .                                
                                                               IQR (CV) : 3.4 (0.3)                                      : : : :                                
                                                                                                                     . . : : : : .                              

22   mcv                                                       Mean (sd) : 73.6 (9)            189 distinct values             :            306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                                :            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               20.1 < 73.3 < 103.9                                           : :                                
                                                               IQR (CV) : 11.2 (0.1)                                         : : .                              
                                                                                                                           . : : : .                            

23   rdw_sd                                                    Mean (sd) : 44.2 (10.2)         183 distinct values   :                      306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      : .                    (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               30.7 < 41.3 < 111.7                                   : :                                        
                                                               IQR (CV) : 11 (0.2)                                   : : .                                      
                                                                                                                     : : : .                                    

24   rdw_cv                                                    Mean (sd) : 17.4 (4)            120 distinct values     :                    306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      : : :                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               12 < 16.6 < 31.2                                      : : : .                                    
                                                               IQR (CV) : 4.9 (0.2)                                  : : : : :                                  
                                                                                                                     : : : : : : : .   .                        

25   wbc_x109                                                  Mean (sd) : 14.8 (19.1)         281 distinct values   :                      306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      :                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               2.5 < 11.8 < 310.5                                    :                                          
                                                               IQR (CV) : 9.2 (1.3)                                  :                                          
                                                                                                                     :                                          

26   platelet                                                  Mean (sd) : 287.7 (162.9)       235 distinct values     . : :                306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                        : : : .              (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               2 < 280 < 942                                         : : : : :                                  
                                                               IQR (CV) : 223.8 (0.6)                                : : : : : :                                
                                                                                                                     : : : : : : . .                            

27   reticulocyte_count                                        Mean (sd) : 0.1 (0.2)           49 distinct values    :                      49         257      
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      :                      (16.0%)    (84.0%)  
                                                               0 < 0.1 < 0.9                                         :                                          
                                                               IQR (CV) : 0.2 (1.2)                                  :   .                                      
                                                                                                                     : : : . .                                  

28   bld_film_comments                                         1. SCD                          20 (18.5%)            III                    108        198      
     [character]                                               2. Iron deficiency anemia, I    16 (14.8%)            II                     (35.3%)    (64.7%)  
                                                               3. Iron deficiency anemia       14 (13.0%)            II                                         
                                                               4. Infection                     4 ( 3.7%)                                                       
                                                               5. Iron deficiency anemia, I     4 ( 3.7%)                                                       
                                                               6. Renal disease                 3 ( 2.8%)                                                       
                                                               7. ANAEMIA OF MALIGNANCY         2 ( 1.9%)                                                       
                                                               8. Infection, ALL                2 ( 1.9%)                                                       
                                                               9. Infection, Liver disease,     2 ( 1.9%)                                                       
                                                               10. Iron deficiency anemia, I    2 ( 1.9%)                                                       
                                                               [ 37 others ]                   39 (36.1%)            IIIIIII                                    

29   rdt                                                       1. Negative                     263 (85.9%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Positive                      43 (14.1%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

30   malaria_parasites                                         1. Negative                     213 (69.6%)           IIIIIIIIIIIII          306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Not done                      66 (21.6%)           IIII                   (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Positive                      27 ( 8.8%)           I                                          

31   oth_lab_findings                                          1. BLOOD C/S - NBG               3 ( 3.3%)                                   91         215      
     [character]                                               2. HIV NEGATIVE                  3 ( 3.3%)                                   (29.7%)    (70.3%)  
                                                               3. USG - INTUSSUSCEPTION         3 ( 3.3%)                                                       
                                                               4. BLOOD C/S COAGULASE NEGAT     2 ( 2.2%)                                                       
                                                               5. G6PD FULL DEFECT              2 ( 2.2%)                                                       
                                                               6. HB ELECTROPHORESIS A          2 ( 2.2%)                                                       
                                                               7. HB ELECTROPHORESIS A, HIV     2 ( 2.2%)                                                       
                                                               8. HB ELECTROPHORESIS SS         2 ( 2.2%)                                                       
                                                               9. Abdominal ultrasound -Hae     1 ( 1.1%)                                                       
                                                               10. AWAITING MRI REPORT          1 ( 1.1%)                                                       
                                                               [ 70 others ]                   70 (76.9%)            IIIIIIIIIIIIIII                            

32   anemia_type                                               1. Iron deficiency              50 (35.0%)            IIIIII                 143        163      
     [character]                                               2. Sickle cell anemia           33 (23.1%)            IIII                   (46.7%)    (53.3%)  
                                                               3. Anemia of chronic disease    11 ( 7.7%)            I                                          
                                                               4. Anemia of malignancy          9 ( 6.3%)            I                                          
                                                               5. Other Hemolytic anemia        8 ( 5.6%)            I                                          
                                                               6. Other Hemolytic anemia, I     8 ( 5.6%)            I                                          
                                                               7. Iron deficiency, Anemia o     3 ( 2.1%)                                                       
                                                               8. Sickle cell anemia, Iron      3 ( 2.1%)                                                       
                                                               9. Iron deficiency, INFECTIO     2 ( 1.4%)                                                       
                                                               10. ANAEMIA OF INFECTION, MAL    1 ( 0.7%)                                                       
                                                               [ 15 others ]                   15 (10.5%)            II                                         

33   bld_txn_required                                          1. FACTOR 8 CONCENTRATE           1 ( 0.3%)                                  306        0        
     [character]                                               2. No                           229 (74.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIII         (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. PLATELETS                      2 ( 0.7%)                                                      
                                                               4. Yes                           74 (24.2%)           IIII                                       

34   picu_admission              PICU Admission                1. No                           293 (95.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           13 ( 4.2%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

35   date_of_discharge                                         min : 2024-01-05                126 distinct values           : :            306        0        
     [POSIXct,                                                 med : 2024-12-26 12:00:00                                     : :            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
     POSIXt]                                                   max : 2025-12-02                                              : : .                              
                                                               range : 1y 10m 27d                                            : : :                              
                                                                                                                             : : :                              

36   dura_hosp                   Duration of Hospitalization   Mean (sd) : 8.6 (9.3)           41 distinct values    :                      306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      :                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               0.2 < 6 < 69                                          :                                          
                                                               IQR (CV) : 7 (1.1)                                    : :                                        
                                                                                                                     : : . .                                    

37   outcome_at_discharge                                      1. Died                          29 ( 9.5%)           I                      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Fully recovered               73 (23.9%)           IIII                   (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. Partially recovered          203 (66.3%)           IIIIIIIIIIIII                              
                                                               4. Referred                       1 ( 0.3%)                                                      

38   disch_diag                                                1. ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS         22 ( 7.2%)           I                      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. SEPSIS                        21 ( 6.9%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. INTUSSUSCEPTION               14 ( 4.6%)                                                      
                                                               4. SEVERE MALARIA                14 ( 4.6%)                                                      
                                                               5. PNEUMONIA                     13 ( 4.2%)                                                      
                                                               6. SCD WITH ACS                  12 ( 3.9%)                                                      
                                                               7. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART      9 ( 2.9%)                                                      
                                                               8. SCD WITH VOC                   9 ( 2.9%)                                                      
                                                               9. HIV                            8 ( 2.6%)                                                      
                                                               10. ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS           5 ( 1.6%)                                                      
                                                               [ 111 others ]                  179 (58.5%)           IIIIIIIIIII                                

39   discharge_diagnosis_upper                                 1. ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS         22 ( 7.2%)           I                      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. SEPSIS                        21 ( 6.9%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               3. INTUSSUSCEPTION               15 ( 4.9%)                                                      
                                                               4. SEVERE MALARIA                14 ( 4.6%)                                                      
                                                               5. PNEUMONIA                     13 ( 4.2%)                                                      
                                                               6. SCD WITH ACS                  13 ( 4.2%)                                                      
                                                               7. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART      9 ( 2.9%)                                                      
                                                               8. SCD WITH VOC                   9 ( 2.9%)                                                      
                                                               9. HIV                            8 ( 2.6%)                                                      
                                                               10. ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS           5 ( 1.6%)                                                      
                                                               [ 108 others ]                  177 (57.8%)           IIIIIIIIIII                                

40   other_relevant_conditions                                 1. Hematological Emergencies    58 (48.7%)            IIIIIIIII              119        187      
     [character]                                               2. Sepsis                       15 (12.6%)            II                     (38.9%)    (61.1%)  
                                                               3. Acute kidney injury          11 ( 9.2%)            I                                          
                                                               4. Hematological Emergencies     9 ( 7.6%)            I                                          
                                                               5. Acute liver failure           7 ( 5.9%)            I                                          
                                                               6. Acute kidney injury, Seps     3 ( 2.5%)                                                       
                                                               7. Acute liver failure, Hema     3 ( 2.5%)                                                       
                                                               8. Acute kidney injury, Hema     2 ( 1.7%)                                                       
                                                               9. Acute liver failure, Hema     2 ( 1.7%)                                                       
                                                               10. Acute liver failure, Seps    2 ( 1.7%)                                                       
                                                               [ 6 others ]                     7 ( 5.9%)            I                                          

41   additional_comments                                       1. SOME DEHYDRATION               5 ( 2.0%)                                  251        55       
     [character]                                               2. MISSED IMMUNIZATION            4 ( 1.6%)                                  (82.0%)    (18.0%)  
                                                               3. HYDROCEPHALUS                  3 ( 1.2%)                                                      
                                                               4. ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA             2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               5. AKI                            2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               6. CEREBRAL PALSY                 2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               7. G6PD DEFECT                    2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               8. IRON DEFICIENCY                2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               9. SEVERE DEHYDRATION             2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               10. VOC                           2 ( 0.8%)                                                      
                                                               [ 225 others ]                  225 (89.6%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                          

42   missed_vac_prev_opp                                       1. No                           24 (30.8%)            IIIIII                 78         228      
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          54 (69.2%)            IIIIIIIIIIIII          (25.5%)    (74.5%)  

43   missed_vac_reason                                         1. Child factors (like illne    15 (19.2%)            III                    78         228      
     [character]                                               2. Health workers factors (a     3 ( 3.8%)                                   (25.5%)    (74.5%)  
                                                               3. Logistics (unavailability    16 (20.5%)            IIII                                       
                                                               4. Maternal factors (like il    38 (48.7%)            IIIIIIIII                                  
                                                               5. No reason                     2 ( 2.6%)                                                       
                                                               6. Other: Mother unaware of      1 ( 1.3%)                                                       
                                                               7. Other: Orphan                 1 ( 1.3%)                                                       
                                                               8. Previous Vaccine reaction     2 ( 2.6%)                                                       

44   missed_vac_prev_admin                                     1. Yes                          1 (100.0%)            IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   1          305      
     [character]                                                                                                                            (0.3%)     (99.7%)  

45   sid                                                       Mean (sd) : 153.5 (88.5)        306 distinct values   : : : : : :            306        0        
     [integer]                                                 min < med < max:                (Integer sequence)    : : : : : :            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               1 < 153.5 < 306                                       : : : : : :                                
                                                               IQR (CV) : 152.5 (0.6)                                : : : : : :                                
                                                                                                                     : : : : : : .                              

46   missed_imm                  Missed immunization           1. No                           228 (74.5%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIII         306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           78 (25.5%)           IIIII                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

47   age_months                                                Mean (sd) : 56.7 (51.5)         298 distinct values   :                      306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      :                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               1.9 < 38.2 < 209                                      :                                          
                                                               IQR (CV) : 77.1 (0.9)                                 : : .                                      
                                                                                                                     : : : : . . : :                            

48   age_years                   Age in Years                  Mean (sd) : 4.7 (4.3)           292 distinct values   :                      306        0        
     [numeric]                                                 min < med < max:                                      :                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
                                                               0.2 < 3.2 < 17.4                                      : .                                        
                                                               IQR (CV) : 6.4 (0.9)                                  : : .                                      
                                                                                                                     : : : : . : :                              

49   age_less_5yrs               Age < 5 Years                 1. No                           113 (36.9%)           IIIIIII                306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          193 (63.1%)           IIIIIIIIIIII           (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

50   outcome                     Outcome of Admission          1. Survived                     277 (90.5%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [factor]                                                  2. Died                          29 ( 9.5%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

51   chronic_condition           Chronic Medical Condition     1. No                           146 (47.7%)           IIIIIIIII              306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          160 (52.3%)           IIIIIIIIII             (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

52   fever                       Fever                         1. No                           129 (42.2%)           IIIIIIII               306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          177 (57.8%)           IIIIIIIIIII            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

53   weakness                    Weakness                      1. No                           189 (61.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIII           306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          117 (38.2%)           IIIIIII                (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

54   resp_diff                   Respiratory Difficulty        1. No                           200 (65.4%)           IIIIIIIIIIIII          306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                          106 (34.6%)           IIIIII                 (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

55   vomiting                    Vomiting                      1. No                           247 (80.7%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII       306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           59 (19.3%)           III                    (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

56   swelling_of_face            Bodily Swelling               1. No                           265 (86.6%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           41 (13.4%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

57   hands_or_feet                                             1. No                           265 (86.6%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           41 (13.4%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

58   palpitations_tachycardia                                  1. No                           266 (86.9%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           40 (13.1%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

59   diarrhoea                                                 1. No                           267 (87.3%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           39 (12.7%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

60   jaundice                                                  1. No                           274 (89.5%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII      306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           32 (10.5%)           II                     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

61   dark_urine                                                1. No                           279 (91.2%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           27 ( 8.8%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

62   acute_gastroenteritis                                     1. No                           284 (92.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           22 ( 7.2%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

63   sepsis                                                    1. No                           285 (93.1%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           21 ( 6.9%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

64   severe_malaria                                            1. No                           290 (94.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           16 ( 5.2%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

65   intussusception                                           1. No                           292 (95.4%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           14 ( 4.6%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

66   pneumonia                                                 1. No                           293 (95.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           13 ( 4.2%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

67   scd_with_acs                                              1. No                           290 (94.8%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           16 ( 5.2%)           I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

68   c_chd                                                     1. No                           292 (95.4%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                           14 ( 4.6%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

69   scd_with_voc                                              1. No                           297 (97.1%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                            9 ( 2.9%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

70   hiv                                                       1. No                           298 (97.4%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                            8 ( 2.6%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   

71   a_chd                                                     1. No                           301 (98.4%)           IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII    306        0        
     [character]                                               2. Yes                            5 ( 1.6%)                                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1

Code
df_missed %>% 
    select(
        missed_imm, age_years, age_less_5yrs, gender, 
        residence, maternal_education, paternal_education, 
        family_income, outcome, picu_admission, dura_hosp, 
        hb_g_dl, chronic_condition, fever, weakness, 
        resp_diff, vomiting, swelling_of_face) %>% 
    gtsummary::tbl_summary(
        by = missed_imm, 
        digits = gtsummary::all_categorical() ~ c(0,1), 
        statistic = list(
            gtsummary::all_continuous()~"{mean} ({sd})",
            gtsummary::all_categorical()~"{n} ({p})")) %>% 
    gtsummary::modify_spanning_header(
        gtsummary::all_stat_cols() ~ "**Missed Immunization**") %>%
    gtsummary::add_overall(last=T) %>%
    gtsummary::bold_labels() %>% 
    gtsummary::add_p(
        pvalue_fun = ~ gtsummary::style_pvalue(.x, digits = 3)) %>% 
    gtsummary::bold_p()
Characteristic
Missed Immunization
Overall
N = 3061
p-value2
No
N = 2281
Yes
N = 781
Age in Years 5.7 (4.3) 1.9 (2.6) 4.7 (4.3) <0.001
Age < 5 Years 123 (53.9) 70 (89.7) 193 (63.1) <0.001
Sex


0.913
    Female 101 (44.3) 34 (43.6) 135 (44.1)
    Male 127 (55.7) 44 (56.4) 171 (55.9)
Residence type


0.406
    Rural 97 (42.5) 29 (37.2) 126 (41.2)
    Urban 131 (57.5) 49 (62.8) 180 (58.8)
Maternal Educational Level


0.947
    None 25 (11.0) 7 (9.0) 32 (10.5)
    Primary 93 (40.8) 32 (41.0) 125 (40.8)
    Secondary 73 (32.0) 27 (34.6) 100 (32.7)
    Tertiary 37 (16.2) 12 (15.4) 49 (16.0)
Maternal Educational Level


0.419
    None 30 (13.2) 14 (17.9) 44 (14.4)
    Primary 74 (32.5) 19 (24.4) 93 (30.4)
    Secondary 78 (34.2) 31 (39.7) 109 (35.6)
    Tertiary 46 (20.2) 14 (17.9) 60 (19.6)
Family Income


0.355
    Low 155 (68.0) 60 (76.9) 215 (70.3)
    Middle 64 (28.1) 16 (20.5) 80 (26.1)
    High 9 (3.9) 2 (2.6) 11 (3.6)
Outcome of Admission


0.012
    Survived 212 (93.0) 65 (83.3) 277 (90.5)
    Died 16 (7.0) 13 (16.7) 29 (9.5)
PICU Admission 8 (3.5) 5 (6.4) 13 (4.2) 0.328
Duration of Hospitalization 9 (10) 7 (5) 9 (9) 0.346
Hemoglobin (g.dL) 9.82 (2.79) 9.73 (2.49) 9.80 (2.71) 0.726
Chronic Medical Condition 113 (49.6) 47 (60.3) 160 (52.3) 0.103
Fever 136 (59.6) 41 (52.6) 177 (57.8) 0.274
Weakness 91 (39.9) 26 (33.3) 117 (38.2) 0.302
Respiratory Difficulty 70 (30.7) 36 (46.2) 106 (34.6) 0.013
Vomiting 42 (18.4) 17 (21.8) 59 (19.3) 0.514
Bodily Swelling 34 (14.9) 7 (9.0) 41 (13.4) 0.184
1 Mean (SD); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test