Results

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic Overall
N = 2961		 0
N = 1471		 1
N = 1491		 p-value2
monthaos 50 (36) 58 (39) 43 (31) <0.001
under2 92 / 296 (31%) 40 / 147 (27%) 52 / 149 (35%) 0.15
under5 209 / 296 (71%) 90 / 147 (61%) 119 / 149 (80%) <0.001
monthdx 65 (37) 74 (39) 56 (31) <0.001
under5dx 147 / 296 (50%) 60 / 147 (41%) 87 / 149 (58%) 0.002
timetodx 15 (21) 17 (23) 14 (20) 0.19
male 186 / 296 (63%) 88 / 147 (60%) 98 / 149 (66%) 0.29
wtdx 22 (13) 25 (16) 19 (10) <0.001
htdx 109 (22) 115 (23) 104 (18) <0.001
bmidx 17.0 (3.8) 17.3 (4.1) 16.6 (3.4) 0.11
town 127 / 296 (43%) 60 / 147 (41%) 67 / 149 (45%) 0.47
ud 66 / 296 (22%) 36 / 147 (24%) 30 / 149 (20%) 0.37
adhd 15 / 296 (5.1%) 8 / 147 (5.4%) 7 / 149 (4.7%) 0.77
mdd 5 / 296 (1.7%) 4 / 147 (2.7%) 1 / 149 (0.7%) 0.21
fat 14 / 296 (4.7%) 9 / 147 (6.1%) 5 / 149 (3.4%) 0.26
anaphylaxis 8 / 296 (2.7%) 5 / 147 (3.4%) 3 / 149 (2.0%) 0.50
preterm 8 / 296 (2.7%) 3 / 147 (2.0%) 5 / 149 (3.4%) 0.72
sibling


0.19
    0 146 / 295 (49%) 65 / 147 (44%) 81 / 148 (55%)
    1 81 / 295 (27%) 41 / 147 (28%) 40 / 148 (27%)
    2 41 / 295 (14%) 24 / 147 (16%) 17 / 148 (11%)
    3 27 / 295 (9.2%) 17 / 147 (12%) 10 / 148 (6.8%)
fam_as 93 / 294 (32%) 55 / 146 (38%) 38 / 148 (26%) 0.027
Eo_max 4.5 (3.6) 5.0 (3.9) 3.9 (3.2) 0.016
smoker 87 / 295 (29%) 50 / 147 (34%) 37 / 148 (25%) 0.090
pets 82 / 295 (28%) 52 / 147 (35%) 30 / 148 (20%) 0.004
catpet 59 / 295 (20%) 37 / 147 (25%) 22 / 148 (15%) 0.027
dogpet 46 / 295 (16%) 31 / 147 (21%) 15 / 148 (10%) 0.010
otherpet 1 / 295 (0.3%) 1 / 147 (0.7%) 0 / 148 (0%) 0.50
aero 149 / 267 (56%) 78 / 133 (59%) 71 / 134 (53%) 0.35
hdm 138 / 266 (52%) 74 / 132 (56%) 64 / 134 (48%) 0.18
grass 69 / 266 (26%) 40 / 132 (30%) 29 / 134 (22%) 0.11
cat 60 / 266 (23%) 35 / 132 (27%) 25 / 134 (19%) 0.13
dog 48 / 266 (18%) 26 / 132 (20%) 22 / 134 (16%) 0.49
cr 97 / 266 (36%) 57 / 132 (43%) 40 / 134 (30%) 0.024
fungi 9 / 266 (3.4%) 6 / 132 (4.5%) 3 / 134 (2.2%) 0.33
food 14 / 269 (5.2%) 4 / 134 (3.0%) 10 / 135 (7.4%) 0.10
cm 2 / 269 (0.7%) 1 / 134 (0.7%) 1 / 135 (0.7%) >0.99
ew 3 / 269 (1.1%) 0 / 134 (0%) 3 / 135 (2.2%) 0.25
soy 1 / 269 (0.4%) 1 / 134 (0.7%) 0 / 135 (0%) 0.50
wheat 1 / 269 (0.4%) 0 / 134 (0%) 1 / 135 (0.7%) >0.99
shrimp 10 / 269 (3.7%) 3 / 134 (2.2%) 7 / 135 (5.2%) 0.33
ar 247 / 296 (83%) 126 / 147 (86%) 121 / 149 (81%) 0.30
arc 9 / 296 (3.0%) 5 / 147 (3.4%) 4 / 149 (2.7%) 0.75
ad 34 / 296 (11%) 20 / 147 (14%) 14 / 149 (9.4%) 0.26
sinu 5 / 296 (1.7%) 3 / 147 (2.0%) 2 / 149 (1.3%) 0.68
osa 9 / 296 (3.0%) 4 / 147 (2.7%) 5 / 149 (3.4%) >0.99
allergenav 153 / 296 (52%) 106 / 147 (72%) 47 / 149 (32%) <0.001
mdi 165 / 296 (56%) 51 / 147 (35%) 114 / 149 (77%) <0.001
evo 94 / 296 (32%) 68 / 147 (46%) 26 / 149 (17%) <0.001
turbu 16 / 296 (5.4%) 11 / 147 (7.5%) 5 / 149 (3.4%) 0.12
icscombine 215 / 296 (73%) 83 / 147 (56%) 132 / 149 (89%) <0.001
icslow 22 / 296 (7.4%) 6 / 147 (4.1%) 16 / 149 (11%) 0.029
icsmed 193 / 296 (65%) 77 / 147 (52%) 116 / 149 (78%) <0.001
icshi 71 / 296 (24%) 57 / 147 (39%) 14 / 149 (9.4%) <0.001
fev1_pre 85 (15) 84 (17) 87 (12) 0.34
1 Mean (SD); n / N (%)
2 Welch Two Sample t-test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

Logistic regression

Characteristic
Univariable Analysis
Multivariable Analysis
N OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value
under5dx 296 2.03 1.28 to 3.24 0.003 1.97 1.05 to 3.73 0.036
fam_as 294 0.57 0.35 to 0.94 0.028 0.69 0.34 to 1.39 0.30
pets 295 0.46 0.27 to 0.78 0.004 0.53 0.25 to 1.09 0.085
cr 266 0.56 0.34 to 0.93 0.025 0.47 0.23 to 0.91 0.026
ar 296 0.72 0.38 to 1.33 0.30 0.78 0.31 to 1.89 0.58
nonavoid 296 5.61 3.43 to 9.33 <0.001 9.72 5.08 to 19.6 <0.001
icscombine 296 5.99 3.35 to 11.2 <0.001 6.04 2.93 to 13.1 <0.001
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, OR = Odds Ratio

Cox regression

Characteristic
Univariable Cox Analysis
Multivariable Cox Analysis
N HR 95% CI p-value HR 95% CI p-value
male 296 1.11 0.79 to 1.56 0.55 1.13 0.80 to 1.60 0.47
preterm 296 1.05 0.43 to 2.57 0.91 1.02 0.41 to 2.52 0.97
sibling 295





    0
— —
— —
    1
0.81 0.56 to 1.19 0.29 0.87 0.59 to 1.30 0.50
    2
0.67 0.39 to 1.12 0.13 0.75 0.44 to 1.29 0.30
    3
0.49 0.25 to 0.94 0.033 0.65 0.32 to 1.35 0.25
fam_as 294 0.66 0.46 to 0.96 0.028 0.82 0.55 to 1.24 0.35
pets 295 0.57 0.38 to 0.86 0.007 0.68 0.43 to 1.05 0.084
under5 296 0.78 0.51 to 1.18 0.24 0.72 0.47 to 1.09 0.12
Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval, HR = Hazard Ratio

Survival curve

Median Time to Remission by Group
Group Strata Median Lower Upper
under5dx under5dx=0 95.0 69.0 NA
under5dx under5dx=1 108.0 93.0 126.0
pets pets=0 87.0 74.0 101.0
pets pets=1 144.0 115.0 NA
nonavoid nonavoid=0 144.0 123.0 NA
nonavoid nonavoid=1 70.0 59.0 82.0
icscombine icscombine=0 NA 118.0 NA
icscombine icscombine=1 76.0 66.0 99.0