Dataset description (complete-case)

The complete-case study dataset includes 5799 observations, and 27 variables.

Summary of variables:

Variable Label Type Levels
id Patient ID character -
surage Age numeric -
sex Sex factor Male, Female
surtype Surgical procedure (vincat classification) factor THA, Rectal resection, TKA, Colon resection, CABG - DI, CABG - SI, Valve replacement, CABG + valve
urg Degree of urgency factor Elective, Urgent, Semi-elective
preoplos Preoperative length of stay (days) numeric -
asa ASA classification factor I, II, III, IV, V
atbprof Antibiotic prophylaxis factor Adequate, Inadequate
wound Wound class factor Clean, Clean-contaminated, Contaminated, Infected
misurg Minimally invasive surgery factor No, Yes
duration Surgery duration (minutes) numeric -
ssi Surgical Site Infection factor No, Yes
surtype_2 Surgical procedure (study classification) factor THA, TKA, Valve replacement, CABG + valve, Colon or rectal resection, CABG
follow Follow-up time (days) numeric -
MS Migration Status factor No, Yes
CoB Country of birth character -
CoB_WR Country of birth - World Region factor East Asia & Pacific, Europe & Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean, Middle East & North Africa, North America, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
CoB_hdi Country of birth - Human Development Index numeric -
CoB_hdicat Country of birth - Human Development Index category factor High, Low, Medium, Very High
CoC Country of citizenship character -
CoC_WR Country of citizenship - World Region factor East Asia & Pacific, Europe & Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean, Middle East & North Africa, North America, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
CoC_hdi Country of citizenship - Human Development Index numeric -
CoC_hdicat Country of citizenship - Human Development Index category factor High, Low, Medium, Very High
doc RCA document factor DNI, NIE, Passeport
income Yearly income category factor < 18.000 euros, 18.000 - 100.000 euros, > 100.000 euros
suryear Year of surgery factor 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
insurance Health insurance at the time of surgery factor No, Yes

The number patients included (uniques IDs) is 5566. Each observation in the dataset corresponds to a surgical procedure. Some patients were included more than once. For instance, 214 patients were included twice, 8 patients were included three times and 1 patient was included 4 times.

Univariate analysis - countinuous variables

Age

Overall

The distribution of age is close to a normal distribution, although slightly left skewed. Only 25% of patients were younger than 59 years old at the time of surgery.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC$surage  
## Label: Age  
## N: 5799  
## 
##                      surage
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean     66.17
##           Std.Dev     12.48
##               Min     16.00
##                Q1     59.00
##            Median     68.00
##                Q3     75.00
##               Max     95.00
##               MAD     11.86
##               IQR     16.00
##                CV      0.19
##          Skewness     -0.82
##       SE.Skewness      0.03
##          Kurtosis      0.85
##           N.Valid   5799.00
##                 N   5799.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

Infected patients

Although slightly left skewed, the distribution of age among infected patients is close to a normal distribution

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_ssiyes$surage  
## Label: Age  
## N: 471  
## 
##                     surage
## ----------------- --------
##              Mean    64.68
##           Std.Dev    12.59
##               Min    26.00
##                Q1    58.00
##            Median    66.00
##                Q3    74.00
##               Max    89.00
##               MAD    11.86
##               IQR    16.00
##                CV     0.19
##          Skewness    -0.69
##       SE.Skewness     0.11
##          Kurtosis     0.29
##           N.Valid   471.00
##                 N   471.00
##         Pct.Valid   100.00

Non-infected patients

Although slightly left skewed, the distribution of age among non-infected patients is close to a normal distribution

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_ssino$surage  
## Label: Age  
## N: 5328  
## 
##                      surage
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean     66.31
##           Std.Dev     12.47
##               Min     16.00
##                Q1     59.00
##            Median     68.00
##                Q3     75.00
##               Max     95.00
##               MAD     11.86
##               IQR     16.00
##                CV      0.19
##          Skewness     -0.83
##       SE.Skewness      0.03
##          Kurtosis      0.90
##           N.Valid   5328.00
##                 N   5328.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00
## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_ssiyes$surage  
## Label: Age  
## N: 471  
## 
##                     surage
## ----------------- --------
##              Mean    64.68
##           Std.Dev    12.59
##               Min    26.00
##                Q1    58.00
##            Median    66.00
##                Q3    74.00
##               Max    89.00
##               MAD    11.86
##               IQR    16.00
##                CV     0.19
##          Skewness    -0.69
##       SE.Skewness     0.11
##          Kurtosis     0.29
##           N.Valid   471.00
##                 N   471.00
##         Pct.Valid   100.00

Preoperative length of stay

The preoperative length of stay has a strongly right-skewed distribution, with many outlier values (surgical procedures with higher than expected preoperative length of stay). The large majority of patients underwent surgery either on the same day (34.7%) or one day after admission (53.4%), but a significant number of patients were not operated until several days or weeks later. About 95.9% of surgeries occurred within the first week, and 98.6% within the first two weeks. A small proportion of patients (0.3%) underwent surgery 30 to 59 days after admission. Since such delays are clinically unlikely, these outlier values may reflect data quality issues.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC$preoplos  
## Label: Preoperative length of stay (days)  
## N: 5799  
## 
##                     preoplos
## ----------------- ----------
##              Mean       1.43
##           Std.Dev       3.51
##               Min       0.00
##                Q1       0.00
##            Median       1.00
##                Q3       1.00
##               Max      59.00
##               MAD       0.00
##               IQR       1.00
##                CV       2.45
##          Skewness       7.06
##       SE.Skewness       0.03
##          Kurtosis      69.83
##           N.Valid    5799.00
##                 N    5799.00
##         Pct.Valid     100.00

Unique values of preoperative length of stay:

Preoperative length of stay excluding outlier values

After excluding cases with a preoperative stay longer than 14 days (1.4%), the distribution of preoperative length of stay is still heavily right skewed, following a non-normal distribution.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_excout$preoplos  
## Label: Preoperative length of stay (days)  
## N: 5716  
## 
##                     preoplos
## ----------------- ----------
##              Mean       1.11
##           Std.Dev       1.92
##               Min       0.00
##                Q1       0.00
##            Median       1.00
##                Q3       1.00
##               Max      14.00
##               MAD       0.00
##               IQR       1.00
##                CV       1.73
##          Skewness       4.10
##       SE.Skewness       0.03
##          Kurtosis      18.86
##           N.Valid    5716.00
##                 N    5716.00
##         Pct.Valid     100.00

Surgery duration (minutes)

The distribution of surgery duration doesn’t follow a normal distribution, since it strongly right skewed with some extremely high values.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC$duration  
## Label: Surgery duration (minutes)  
## N: 5799  
## 
##                     duration
## ----------------- ----------
##              Mean     145.69
##           Std.Dev      80.14
##               Min       4.00
##                Q1      90.00
##            Median     120.00
##                Q3     186.00
##               Max    1685.00
##               MAD      59.30
##               IQR      96.00
##                CV       0.55
##          Skewness       2.66
##       SE.Skewness       0.03
##          Kurtosis      27.51
##           N.Valid    5799.00
##                 N    5799.00
##         Pct.Valid     100.00

Outlier values of surgery duration:

  • Shorter than 30 minutes: 21 (0.4%)

  • Shorter than one hour: 149 (2.6%)

  • Longer than 5 hours: 240 (4.1%)

  • Longer than 10 hours: 6 (0.1%)

Follow-up time (days)

Infected patients

The follow-up time for patients that had an infection is equal to the number of days since the intervention took place.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_infected$follow  
## Label: Follow-up time (days)  
## N: 471  
## 
##                     follow
## ----------------- --------
##              Mean    18.16
##           Std.Dev    14.13
##               Min     1.00
##                Q1     8.00
##            Median    14.00
##                Q3    25.00
##               Max    78.00
##               MAD    11.86
##               IQR    17.00
##                CV     0.78
##          Skewness     1.31
##       SE.Skewness     0.11
##          Kurtosis     1.69
##           N.Valid   471.00
##                 N   471.00
##         Pct.Valid   100.00

Non-infected patients

For patients that were not diagnosed with a SSI, the follow-up time is equal to the total follow-up duration, which is defined depending on the type of surgical procedure (surtype): 30 days for colon and rectal resections, 90 days for the rest of procedures, except for cases where death occured before the follow-up period ended. Therefore, teh distribution of follow-up time in this subset of patients is similar is concentrated in 30 and 90 days.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_non_infected$follow  
## Label: Follow-up time (days)  
## N: 5328  
## 
##                      follow
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean     69.26
##           Std.Dev     28.55
##               Min      6.00
##                Q1     30.00
##            Median     90.00
##                Q3     90.00
##               Max     90.00
##               MAD      0.00
##               IQR     60.00
##                CV      0.41
##          Skewness     -0.65
##       SE.Skewness      0.03
##          Kurtosis     -1.57
##           N.Valid   5328.00
##                 N   5328.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

HDI (continuous) - Country of birth

Overall

Since most patients were born in Spain, the distribution of the variable is strongly left skewed, hence not normal.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC$CoB_hdi  
## Label: Country of birth - Human Development Index  
## N: 5799  
## 
##                     CoB_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.89
##           Std.Dev      0.05
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.90
##            Median      0.90
##                Q3      0.90
##               Max      0.96
##               MAD      0.00
##               IQR      0.00
##                CV      0.05
##          Skewness     -4.51
##       SE.Skewness      0.03
##          Kurtosis     22.07
##           N.Valid   5799.00
##                 N   5799.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

Country of birth not Spain

Among patients born outside of Spain:

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_cobnotspain$CoB_hdi  
## Label: Country of birth - Human Development Index  
## N: 487  
## 
##                     CoB_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.77
##           Std.Dev      0.09
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.70
##            Median      0.76
##                Q3      0.84
##               Max      0.96
##               MAD      0.10
##               IQR      0.14
##                CV      0.12
##          Skewness     -0.21
##       SE.Skewness      0.11
##          Kurtosis      0.02
##           N.Valid    487.00
##                 N    487.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

The distribution of the HDI in the subset of patients born outside of Spain (N = 487) follows a fairly normal distribution.

Migrants

Among the groups of migrants, the HDI of country of birth follows a normal distribution

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_migr$CoB_hdi  
## Label: Country of birth - Human Development Index  
## N: 490  
## 
##                     CoB_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.77
##           Std.Dev      0.09
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.70
##            Median      0.76
##                Q3      0.84
##               Max      0.96
##               MAD      0.11
##               IQR      0.14
##                CV      0.12
##          Skewness     -0.22
##       SE.Skewness      0.11
##          Kurtosis      0.00
##           N.Valid    490.00
##                 N    490.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

HDI (continuous) - Country of citizenship

Overall

Since most patients have a spanish citizenship, the distribution of the variable is strongly left skewed, hence not normal.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC$CoC_hdi  
## Label: Country of citizenship - Human Development Index  
## N: 5799  
## 
##                     CoC_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.90
##           Std.Dev      0.03
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.90
##            Median      0.90
##                Q3      0.90
##               Max      0.95
##               MAD      0.00
##               IQR      0.00
##                CV      0.04
##          Skewness     -7.54
##       SE.Skewness      0.03
##          Kurtosis     64.05
##           N.Valid   5799.00
##                 N   5799.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

Country of citizenship not Spain

Among patients with a country of citizenship different from Spain:

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_cocnotspain$CoC_hdi  
## Label: Country of citizenship - Human Development Index  
## N: 234  
## 
##                     CoC_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.78
##           Std.Dev      0.11
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.69
##            Median      0.77
##                Q3      0.90
##               Max      0.95
##               MAD      0.13
##               IQR      0.20
##                CV      0.14
##          Skewness     -0.51
##       SE.Skewness      0.16
##          Kurtosis     -0.25
##           N.Valid    234.00
##                 N    234.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

The distribution of the HDI in the subset of patients that have a legal citizenship of a country different than Spain (N = 234) follows a fairly normal distribution.

Migrants

Among the group of migrants, the HDI of country of citizenship doesn’t follow a normal distribution.

## Descriptive Statistics  
## data_tfm_CC_migr$CoC_hdi  
## Label: Country of citizenship - Human Development Index  
## N: 490  
## 
##                     CoC_hdi
## ----------------- ---------
##              Mean      0.85
##           Std.Dev      0.10
##               Min      0.47
##                Q1      0.77
##            Median      0.90
##                Q3      0.90
##               Max      0.95
##               MAD      0.00
##               IQR      0.13
##                CV      0.12
##          Skewness     -1.55
##       SE.Skewness      0.11
##          Kurtosis      1.71
##           N.Valid    490.00
##                 N    490.00
##         Pct.Valid    100.00

Univariate analysis - categorical variables

Sex

The female to male sex ratio is: 0.9

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label   Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph          Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    sex        Sex     1. Male          3056 (52.7%)         IIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]           2. Female        2743 (47.3%)         IIIIIIIII      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Surgery Year

The proportion of surgeries included changed from year to year.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5782  
## 
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label             Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph   Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------- ---------- ---------
## 1    suryear    Year of surgery   1. 2007            0 ( 0.0%)                  5799       0        
##      [factor]                     2. 2008           95 ( 1.6%)                  (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                   3. 2009          245 ( 4.2%)                                      
##                                   4. 2010          290 ( 5.0%)          I                           
##                                   5. 2011          348 ( 6.0%)          I                           
##                                   6. 2012          369 ( 6.4%)          I                           
##                                   7. 2013          379 ( 6.5%)          I                           
##                                   8. 2014          295 ( 5.1%)          I                           
##                                   9. 2015          208 ( 3.6%)                                      
##                                   10. 2016         297 ( 5.1%)          I                           
##                                   11. 2017         298 ( 5.1%)          I                           
##                                   12. 2018         160 ( 2.8%)                                      
##                                   13. 2019         395 ( 6.8%)          I                           
##                                   14. 2020         361 ( 6.2%)          I                           
##                                   15. 2021         283 ( 4.9%)                                      
##                                   16. 2022         175 ( 3.0%)                                      
##                                   17. 2023         829 (14.3%)          II                          
##                                   18. 2024         772 (13.3%)          II                          
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Surgery type

VINCat classification

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5791  
## 
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                        Stats / Values         Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph    Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ---------------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- -------- ---------- ---------
## 1    surtype    Surgical procedure (vincat   1. THA                 1191 (20.5%)         IIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]   classification)              2. Rectal resection     690 (11.9%)         II       (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                              3. TKA                 1305 (22.5%)         IIII                         
##                                              4. Colon resection     1379 (23.8%)         IIII                         
##                                              5. CABG - DI            765 (13.2%)         II                           
##                                              6. CABG - SI             66 ( 1.1%)                                      
##                                              7. Valve replacement    329 ( 5.7%)         I                            
##                                              8. CABG + valve          74 ( 1.3%)                                      
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Study classification

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5793  
## 
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable    Label                       Stats / Values                 Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph       Valid      Missing  
## ---- ----------- --------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------
## 1    surtype_2   Surgical procedure (study   1. THA                         1191 (20.5%)         IIII        5799       0        
##      [factor]    classification)             2. TKA                         1305 (22.5%)         IIII        (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                              3. Valve replacement            329 ( 5.7%)         I                               
##                                              4. CABG + valve                  74 ( 1.3%)                                         
##                                              5. Colon or rectal resection   2069 (35.7%)         IIIIIII                         
##                                              6. CABG                         831 (14.3%)         II                              
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Degree of urgency

Except few interventions, all surgical procedures were elective.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5796  
## 
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label               Stats / Values     Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                 Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------- ------------------ -------------------- --------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    urg        Degree of urgency   1. Elective        5675 (97.9%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   5799       0        
##      [factor]                       2. Urgent             6 ( 0.1%)                               (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                     3. Semi-elective    118 ( 2.0%)                                                   
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASA classification

More than half of patients were classified as ASA II, and more than one in four were classified as ASA II.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5794  
## 
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph           Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    asa        ASA classification   1. I              455 ( 7.8%)         I               5799       0        
##      [factor]                        2. II            3211 (55.4%)         IIIIIIIIIII     (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                      3. III           1557 (26.8%)         IIIII                               
##                                      4. IV             572 ( 9.9%)         I                                   
##                                      5. V                4 ( 0.1%)                                             
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Antibiotic prophylaxis

More than 90% of patients received an adequate antibiotic prophylaxis.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                    Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                  Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------------ ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    atbprof    Antibiotic prophylaxis   1. Adequate      5433 (93.7%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                            2. Inadequate     366 ( 6.3%)         I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wound classification

All non-clean surgical wounds correspond to colon or rectal resection surgeries.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5795  
## 
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label         Stats / Values          Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph            Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------- ----------------------- -------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    wound      Wound class   1. Clean                3733 (64.4%)         IIIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                 2. Clean-contaminated   1744 (30.1%)         IIIIII           (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                               3. Contaminated          317 ( 5.5%)         I                                    
##                               4. Infected                5 ( 0.1%)                                              
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Minimally invasive surgery

Approximately one third of procedures were open surgeries and the rest were minimally invasive surgeries.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                        Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph             Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ---------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ----------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    misurg     Minimally invasive surgery   1. No            3972 (68.5%)         IIIIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                                2. Yes           1827 (31.5%)         IIIIII            (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Surgical Site Infection

A large proportion of patients didn’t have a SSI during the follow-up period.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                     Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                  Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    ssi        Surgical Site Infection   1. No            5328 (91.9%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                             2. Yes            471 ( 8.1%)         I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Surgical Site Infection type

Among patients that had a SSI, the most frequent types were superficial incisional and organ/space infections.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_infected_ssitype  
## Dimensions: 471 x 1  
## Duplicates: 468  
## 
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                          Stats / Values              Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph        Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- -------------------- ------------ ---------- ---------
## 1    ssitype    Surgical Site Infection type   1. Superficial incisional   204 (43.3%)          IIIIIIII     471        0        
##      [factor]                                  2. Deep incisional           67 (14.2%)          II           (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                                3. Organ/space              200 (42.5%)          IIIIIIII                         
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Migration Status

More than 9 in 10 patients were non-migrant (holded a spanish citizenship and were born in Spain).

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label              Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                  Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------ ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    MS         Migration Status   1. No            5309 (91.6%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                      2. Yes            490 ( 8.4%)         I                      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Country of birth

More than 90% of patients were born in Spain. The list of patients countries of birth sorted by decreasing frequency:

Country of birth - World Region

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5792  
## 
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                             Stats / Values                 Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- --------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    CoB_WR     Country of birth - World Region   1. East Asia & Pacific           28 ( 0.5%)                              5799       0        
##      [factor]                                     2. Europe & Central Asia       5432 (93.7%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                                   3. Latin America & Caribbean    246 ( 4.2%)                                                  
##                                                   4. Middle East & North Afric     52 ( 0.9%)                                                  
##                                                   5. North America                  5 ( 0.1%)                                                  
##                                                   6. South Asia                    27 ( 0.5%)                                                  
##                                                   7. Sub-Saharan Africa             9 ( 0.2%)                                                  
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Country of citizenship - World Region

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5792  
## 
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                                   Stats / Values                 Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                 Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- --------------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- --------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    CoC_WR     Country of citizenship - World Region   1. East Asia & Pacific           14 ( 0.2%)                               5799       0        
##      [factor]                                           2. Europe & Central Asia       5667 (97.7%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                                         3. Latin America & Caribbean     64 ( 1.1%)                                                   
##                                                         4. Middle East & North Afric     26 ( 0.4%)                                                   
##                                                         5. North America                  4 ( 0.1%)                                                   
##                                                         6. South Asia                    19 ( 0.3%)                                                   
##                                                         7. Sub-Saharan Africa             5 ( 0.1%)                                                   
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Country of birth - HDI category

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5795  
## 
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable     Label                                  Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                Valid      Missing  
## ---- ------------ -------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    CoB_hdicat   Country of birth - Human Development   1. High           184 ( 3.2%)                              5799       0        
##      [factor]     Index category                         2. Low             19 ( 0.3%)                              (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                                          3. Medium         109 ( 1.9%)                                                  
##                                                          4. Very High     5487 (94.6%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                       
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Country of citizenship - HDI category

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5795  
## 
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable     Label                            Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                 Valid      Missing  
## ---- ------------ -------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    CoC_hdicat   Country of citizenship - Human   1. High            64 ( 1.1%)                               5799       0        
##      [factor]     Development Index category       2. Low             14 ( 0.2%)                               (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                                    3. Medium          48 ( 0.8%)                                                   
##                                                    4. Very High     5673 (97.8%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII                       
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Document type

Only a minority of patients were registered in the RCA databse with a document different from Spanish DNI.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5796  
## 
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label          Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                 Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- -------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    doc        RCA document   1. DNI           5568 (96.0%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   5799       0        
##      [factor]                  2. NIE            209 ( 3.6%)                               (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                3. Passeport       22 ( 0.4%)                                                   
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Income category

Only few patients had a yearly income greater than 100.000 euros.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5796  
## 
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable   Label                    Stats / Values              Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph           Valid      Missing  
## ---- ---------- ------------------------ --------------------------- -------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    income     Yearly income category   1. < 18.000 euros           3252 (56.1%)         IIIIIIIIIII     5799       0        
##      [factor]                            2. 18.000 - 100.000 euros   2475 (42.7%)         IIIIIIII        (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                          3. > 100.000 euros            72 ( 1.2%)                                             
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Health insurance

Almost every patient had public health insurance at the time of surgery.

## Data Frame Summary  
## data_tfm_CC  
## Dimensions: 5799 x 1  
## Duplicates: 5797  
## 
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable    Label                                     Stats / Values   Freqs (% of Valid)   Graph                 Valid      Missing  
## ---- ----------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------- ---------- ---------
## 1    insurance   Health insurance at the time of surgery   1. No               7 ( 0.1%)                               5799       0        
##      [factor]                                              2. Yes           5792 (99.9%)         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------