lab PCA
2025-07-15
R Example 1
#example 1 Code
x1=c(16,12,13,11,10,9,8,7,5,3,2,0)
x2=c(8,10,6,2,8,-1,4,6,-3,-1,-3,0)
data=data.frame(x1,x2)
m=colMeans(data)
s=cov(data)
r=cor(data)
eigen(s)## eigen() decomposition
## $values
## [1] 38.575813 5.606005
##
## $vectors
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] -0.7282381 0.6853242
## [2,] -0.6853242 -0.7282381eigen(r)## eigen() decomposition
## $values
## [1] 1.7456203 0.2543797
##
## $vectors
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0.7071068 -0.7071068
## [2,] 0.7071068 0.7071068data.pca=princomp(data)
summary(data.pca)## Importance of components:
## Comp.1 Comp.2
## Standard deviation 5.9465252 2.2669005
## Proportion of Variance 0.8731151 0.1268849
## Cumulative Proportion 0.8731151 1.0000000data.pca$loadings##
## Loadings:
## Comp.1 Comp.2
## x1 0.728 0.685
## x2 0.685 -0.728
##
## Comp.1 Comp.2
## SS loadings 1.0 1.0
## Proportion Var 0.5 0.5
## Cumulative Var 0.5 1.0data.pca$loadings[,1:2]## Comp.1 Comp.2
## x1 0.7282381 0.6853242
## x2 0.6853242 -0.7282381predict(data.pca,data)## Comp.1 Comp.2
## [1,] 9.2525259 1.8414027
## [2,] 7.7102217 -2.3563703
## [3,] 5.6971632 1.2419065
## [4,] 1.4993902 2.7842106
## [5,] 4.8830971 -2.2705423
## [6,] -2.0130586 3.5982767
## [7,] 0.6853242 -0.7282381
## [8,] 1.3277344 -2.8700386
## [9,] -6.2966594 2.3134563
## [10,] -6.3824874 -0.5136683
## [11,] -8.4813738 0.2574838
## [12,] -7.8818776 -3.2978790R Example 2
ถ้าทำการเก็บข้อมูลความคิดเห็นในการเลือกซื้อเสื้อของลูกค้าในร้านๆ หนึ่งจำนวน 10 คน
โดยกำหนดปัจจัยไว้ 5 ตัวเลือก
x1: สีของเสื้อ
x2: ความทันสมัยของลวดลาย สไตล์ดึงดูด
x3: เนื้อผ้า
x4: ราคา
x5: การแนะนำของพนักงาน
โดยให้ผู้ซื้อให้คะแนน 5 ในข้อที่เห็นว่าเป็นเหตุผลหลักแล้วลดหลั่นลงมาในเหตุผลอื่นๆ
ได้ข้อมูลดังตาราง
##example 3
x1=c(1,2,4,5,1,3,5,5,2,3)
x2=c(4,1,1,3,5,1,3,4,1,2)
x3=c(2,3,2,4,2,4,4,3,3,4)
x4=c(3,4,5,2,4,2,1,2,5,5)
x5=c(5,5,3,1,3,5,2,1,4,1)
data=data.frame(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5)
colMeans(data)## x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
## 3.1 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.0cov(data)## x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
## x1 2.5444444 -0.1666667 0.7666667 -1.2555556 -1.8888889
## x2 -0.1666667 2.2777778 -0.3888889 -0.8333333 -0.8888889
## x3 0.7666667 -0.3888889 0.7666667 -0.5888889 -0.5555556
## x4 -1.2555556 -0.8333333 -0.5888889 2.2333333 0.4444444
## x5 -1.8888889 -0.8888889 -0.5555556 0.4444444 2.8888889standdata=as.data.frame(scale(data))
standdatar=cor(standdata)
eigen(r)## eigen() decomposition
## $values
## [1] 1.7456203 0.2543797
##
## $vectors
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0.7071068 -0.7071068
## [2,] 0.7071068 0.7071068data.pca=princomp(standdata)
summary(data.pca)## Importance of components:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## Standard deviation 1.4780089 1.0994441 0.8785115 0.57873128 8.281190e-09
## Proportion of Variance 0.4854467 0.2686172 0.1715072 0.07442887 1.523958e-17
## Cumulative Proportion 0.4854467 0.7540639 0.9255711 1.00000000 1.000000e+00data.pca$loadings##
## Loadings:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## x1 0.577 0.138 0.169 0.618 0.487
## x2 0.109 -0.838 -0.268 0.461
## x3 0.468 0.440 -0.190 -0.693 0.268
## x4 -0.448 0.216 0.714 -0.185 0.457
## x5 -0.485 0.199 -0.651 0.178 0.519
##
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## SS loadings 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
## Proportion Var 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
## Cumulative Var 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0data.pca$loadings[,1:5]## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## x1 0.5769013 0.1375736 0.16933308 0.6180880 0.4873929
## x2 0.1094914 -0.8377808 -0.04247612 -0.2677221 0.4611460
## x3 0.4676021 0.4395094 -0.19035615 -0.6930855 0.2675383
## x4 -0.4482025 0.2158030 0.71391922 -0.1853556 0.4566248
## x5 -0.4854475 0.1986388 -0.65085019 0.1776734 0.5193357predict(data.pca,standdata)## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## [1,] -1.7193657 -1.37550757 -0.9351711 0.03719110 -5.551115e-17
## [2,] -1.3412205 1.02241143 -0.4842655 0.04125436 6.661338e-16
## [3,] -0.8806222 0.60361521 1.1890210 1.27468367 -1.720846e-15
## [4,] 2.1651839 -0.08338883 0.1367818 -0.11270656 -6.383782e-16
## [5,] -1.3755078 -2.01994515 0.2802568 -0.47329693 4.440892e-16
## [6,] 0.1543116 1.32180342 -1.5509489 -0.11475984 5.551115e-16
## [7,] 2.1794861 -0.11092454 -0.7238637 0.11585788 -9.992007e-16
## [8,] 1.7036924 -1.14044838 0.3260396 0.50146315 -1.831868e-15
## [9,] -1.3555228 1.04994714 0.3763800 -0.18731008 1.054712e-15
## [10,] 0.4695649 0.73243727 1.3857699 -1.08237675 1.887379e-15R Example 3
For example, the file http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/wine/wine.data
contains data on concentrations of 13 different chemicals in wines grown in the same region in Italy that are derived from three different cultivars.wine
#winecsv <-read.csv(file.choose(), header=TRUE)
wine <- read.table("http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/wine/wine.data",sep=",")
head(wine)## V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14
## 1 1 14.23 1.71 2.43 15.6 127 2.80 3.06 0.28 2.29 5.64 1.04 3.92 1065
## 2 1 13.20 1.78 2.14 11.2 100 2.65 2.76 0.26 1.28 4.38 1.05 3.40 1050
## 3 1 13.16 2.36 2.67 18.6 101 2.80 3.24 0.30 2.81 5.68 1.03 3.17 1185
## 4 1 14.37 1.95 2.50 16.8 113 3.85 3.49 0.24 2.18 7.80 0.86 3.45 1480
## 5 1 13.24 2.59 2.87 21.0 118 2.80 2.69 0.39 1.82 4.32 1.04 2.93 735
## 6 1 14.20 1.76 2.45 15.2 112 3.27 3.39 0.34 1.97 6.75 1.05 2.85 1450str(wine)## 'data.frame': 178 obs. of 14 variables:
## $ V1 : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ V2 : num 14.2 13.2 13.2 14.4 13.2 ...
## $ V3 : num 1.71 1.78 2.36 1.95 2.59 1.76 1.87 2.15 1.64 1.35 ...
## $ V4 : num 2.43 2.14 2.67 2.5 2.87 2.45 2.45 2.61 2.17 2.27 ...
## $ V5 : num 15.6 11.2 18.6 16.8 21 15.2 14.6 17.6 14 16 ...
## $ V6 : int 127 100 101 113 118 112 96 121 97 98 ...
## $ V7 : num 2.8 2.65 2.8 3.85 2.8 3.27 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.98 ...
## $ V8 : num 3.06 2.76 3.24 3.49 2.69 3.39 2.52 2.51 2.98 3.15 ...
## $ V9 : num 0.28 0.26 0.3 0.24 0.39 0.34 0.3 0.31 0.29 0.22 ...
## $ V10: num 2.29 1.28 2.81 2.18 1.82 1.97 1.98 1.25 1.98 1.85 ...
## $ V11: num 5.64 4.38 5.68 7.8 4.32 6.75 5.25 5.05 5.2 7.22 ...
## $ V12: num 1.04 1.05 1.03 0.86 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.01 ...
## $ V13: num 3.92 3.4 3.17 3.45 2.93 2.85 3.58 3.58 2.85 3.55 ...
## $ V14: int 1065 1050 1185 1480 735 1450 1290 1295 1045 1045 ...summary(wine)## V1 V2 V3 V4
## Min. :1.000 Min. :11.03 Min. :0.740 Min. :1.360
## 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:12.36 1st Qu.:1.603 1st Qu.:2.210
## Median :2.000 Median :13.05 Median :1.865 Median :2.360
## Mean :1.938 Mean :13.00 Mean :2.336 Mean :2.367
## 3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:13.68 3rd Qu.:3.083 3rd Qu.:2.558
## Max. :3.000 Max. :14.83 Max. :5.800 Max. :3.230
## V5 V6 V7 V8
## Min. :10.60 Min. : 70.00 Min. :0.980 Min. :0.340
## 1st Qu.:17.20 1st Qu.: 88.00 1st Qu.:1.742 1st Qu.:1.205
## Median :19.50 Median : 98.00 Median :2.355 Median :2.135
## Mean :19.49 Mean : 99.74 Mean :2.295 Mean :2.029
## 3rd Qu.:21.50 3rd Qu.:107.00 3rd Qu.:2.800 3rd Qu.:2.875
## Max. :30.00 Max. :162.00 Max. :3.880 Max. :5.080
## V9 V10 V11 V12
## Min. :0.1300 Min. :0.410 Min. : 1.280 Min. :0.4800
## 1st Qu.:0.2700 1st Qu.:1.250 1st Qu.: 3.220 1st Qu.:0.7825
## Median :0.3400 Median :1.555 Median : 4.690 Median :0.9650
## Mean :0.3619 Mean :1.591 Mean : 5.058 Mean :0.9574
## 3rd Qu.:0.4375 3rd Qu.:1.950 3rd Qu.: 6.200 3rd Qu.:1.1200
## Max. :0.6600 Max. :3.580 Max. :13.000 Max. :1.7100
## V13 V14
## Min. :1.270 Min. : 278.0
## 1st Qu.:1.938 1st Qu.: 500.5
## Median :2.780 Median : 673.5
## Mean :2.612 Mean : 746.9
## 3rd Qu.:3.170 3rd Qu.: 985.0
## Max. :4.000 Max. :1680.0install.packages("car")## Installing package into '/cloud/lib/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/4.3'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)library("car")## Loading required package: carDataplot(wine$V4, wine$V5)
scatterplotMatrix(wine[2:14])
scatterplotMatrix(wine[2:6])
# standardise the variables
standard.wine <- as.data.frame(scale(wine[2:14]))
head(standard.wine)## V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8
## 1 1.5143408 -0.56066822 0.2313998 -1.1663032 1.90852151 0.8067217 1.0319081
## 2 0.2455968 -0.49800856 -0.8256672 -2.4838405 0.01809398 0.5670481 0.7315653
## 3 0.1963252 0.02117152 1.1062139 -0.2679823 0.08810981 0.8067217 1.2121137
## 4 1.6867914 -0.34583508 0.4865539 -0.8069748 0.92829983 2.4844372 1.4623994
## 5 0.2948684 0.22705328 1.8352256 0.4506745 1.27837900 0.8067217 0.6614853
## 6 1.4773871 -0.51591132 0.3043010 -1.2860793 0.85828399 1.5576991 1.3622851
## V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14
## 1 -0.6577078 1.2214385 0.2510088 0.3611585 1.8427215 1.01015939
## 2 -0.8184106 -0.5431887 -0.2924962 0.4049085 1.1103172 0.96252635
## 3 -0.4970050 2.1299594 0.2682629 0.3174085 0.7863692 1.39122370
## 4 -0.9791134 1.0292513 1.1827317 -0.4263410 1.1807407 2.32800680
## 5 0.2261576 0.4002753 -0.3183774 0.3611585 0.4483365 -0.03776747
## 6 -0.1755994 0.6623487 0.7298108 0.4049085 0.3356589 2.23274072############แบบที่ 1 princomp()
data.pca1=princomp(standard.wine)
summary(data.pca1)## Importance of components:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## Standard deviation 2.1631951 1.5757366 1.1991447 0.9559347 0.92110518
## Proportion of Variance 0.3619885 0.1920749 0.1112363 0.0706903 0.06563294
## Cumulative Proportion 0.3619885 0.5540634 0.6652997 0.7359900 0.80162293
## Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10
## Standard deviation 0.79878171 0.74022473 0.58867607 0.53596364 0.49949266
## Proportion of Variance 0.04935823 0.04238679 0.02680749 0.02222153 0.01930019
## Cumulative Proportion 0.85098116 0.89336795 0.92017544 0.94239698 0.96169717
## Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13
## Standard deviation 0.47383559 0.40966094 0.320619963
## Proportion of Variance 0.01736836 0.01298233 0.007952149
## Cumulative Proportion 0.97906553 0.99204785 1.000000000data.pca1$loadings##
## Loadings:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5 Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10
## V2 0.144 0.484 0.207 0.266 0.214 0.396 0.509 0.212
## V3 -0.245 0.225 -0.537 0.537 -0.421 -0.309
## V4 0.316 -0.626 0.214 0.143 0.154 0.149 -0.170 -0.308
## V5 -0.239 -0.612 -0.101 0.287 0.428 0.200
## V6 0.142 0.300 -0.131 0.352 -0.727 -0.323 -0.156 0.271
## V7 0.395 -0.146 -0.198 0.149 -0.406 0.286 -0.320
## V8 0.423 -0.151 -0.152 0.109 -0.187 -0.163
## V9 -0.299 -0.170 0.203 0.501 -0.259 -0.595 -0.233 0.196 0.216
## V10 0.313 -0.149 -0.399 -0.137 -0.534 -0.372 0.368 -0.209 0.134
## V11 0.530 0.137 -0.419 0.228 -0.291
## V12 0.297 -0.279 0.428 0.174 0.106 -0.232 0.437 -0.522
## V13 0.376 -0.164 -0.166 -0.184 0.101 0.266 0.137 0.524
## V14 0.287 0.365 0.127 0.232 0.158 0.120 0.120 -0.576 0.162
## Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13
## V2 0.226 0.266
## V3 -0.122
## V4 0.499 -0.141
## V5 -0.479
## V6
## V7 -0.304 0.304 -0.464
## V8 0.832
## V9 -0.117 0.114
## V10 0.237 -0.117
## V11 -0.604
## V12 -0.259
## V13 -0.601 -0.157
## V14 -0.539
##
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5 Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9
## SS loadings 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
## Proportion Var 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077
## Cumulative Var 0.077 0.154 0.231 0.308 0.385 0.462 0.538 0.615 0.692
## Comp.10 Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13
## SS loadings 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
## Proportion Var 0.077 0.077 0.077 0.077
## Cumulative Var 0.769 0.846 0.923 1.000data.pca1$loadings[,1:5]## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## V2 0.144329395 0.483651548 0.20738262 0.01785630 0.26566365
## V3 -0.245187580 0.224930935 -0.08901289 -0.53689028 -0.03521363
## V4 -0.002051061 0.316068814 -0.62622390 0.21417556 0.14302547
## V5 -0.239320405 -0.010590502 -0.61208035 -0.06085941 -0.06610294
## V6 0.141992042 0.299634003 -0.13075693 0.35179658 -0.72704851
## V7 0.394660845 0.065039512 -0.14617896 -0.19806835 0.14931841
## V8 0.422934297 -0.003359812 -0.15068190 -0.15229479 0.10902584
## V9 -0.298533103 0.028779488 -0.17036816 0.20330102 0.50070298
## V10 0.313429488 0.039301722 -0.14945431 -0.39905653 -0.13685982
## V11 -0.088616705 0.529995672 0.13730621 -0.06592568 0.07643678
## V12 0.296714564 -0.279235148 -0.08522192 0.42777141 0.17361452
## V13 0.376167411 -0.164496193 -0.16600459 -0.18412074 0.10116099
## V14 0.286752227 0.364902832 0.12674592 0.23207086 0.15786880predict(data.pca1,standard.wine)## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## [1,] 3.30742097 1.43940225 0.165272830 0.215024629 -0.6910933491
## [2,] 2.20324981 -0.33245507 2.020757060 0.290538743 0.2569298662
## [3,] 2.50966069 1.02825072 -0.980054055 -0.722863199 0.2503269758
## [4,] 3.74649719 2.74861839 0.175696224 -0.566385602 0.3109643979
## [5,] 1.00607049 0.86738404 -2.020987257 0.408613140 -0.2976179585
## [6,] 3.04167373 2.11643092 0.627625371 0.514187035 0.6302408998
## [7,] 2.44220051 1.17154534 0.974346376 0.065645327 1.0248708712
## [8,] 2.05364379 1.60443714 -0.145870400 1.189253269 -0.0766871685
## [9,] 2.50381135 0.91548847 1.765987389 -0.056112076 0.8897471068
## [10,] 2.74588238 0.78721703 0.981478855 -0.348398777 0.4672350615
## [11,] 3.46994837 1.29866985 0.421546086 -0.026766256 0.3374229486
## [12,] 1.74981688 0.61025577 1.187528444 0.887660354 0.7364950947
## [13,] 2.10751729 0.67380561 0.862652985 0.355435369 1.2065252604
## [14,] 3.44842921 1.12744948 1.200888789 -0.162001077 2.0174358634
## [15,] 4.30065228 2.09007971 1.260357435 -0.304913067 1.0267961441
## [16,] 2.29870383 1.65787506 -0.217289668 1.436537727 0.4682292849
## [17,] 2.16584568 2.32075875 -0.829390256 0.910034178 0.0001146171
## [18,] 1.89362947 1.62677993 -0.792677744 1.079335712 0.4374711602
## [19,] 3.53202167 2.51125971 0.484092940 0.907762119 1.1498357895
## [20,] 2.07865856 1.05815307 0.164283255 -0.483633148 -0.8800288984
## [21,] 3.11561376 0.78468361 0.363860676 0.025489787 -0.9696782562
## [22,] 1.08351361 0.24106354 -0.934325978 -1.027012761 -0.3150828842
## [23,] 2.52809263 -0.09158228 0.311055210 0.048255114 0.4283731687
## [24,] 1.64036108 -0.51482667 -0.143480354 0.412556253 0.3746630851
## [25,] 1.75662066 -0.31625681 -0.887781323 0.114791797 0.5551025444
## [26,] 0.98729406 0.93802129 -3.810160004 1.317843719 -0.1585574371
## [27,] 1.77028387 0.68424496 0.086456523 0.232251626 1.1397276528
## [28,] 1.23194878 -0.08955442 1.382995281 0.494288392 0.3748838960
## [29,] 2.18225047 0.68762990 -1.390644041 0.775304769 0.8083039404
## [30,] 2.24976267 0.19092336 1.089583673 -0.285347369 0.4817143982
## [31,] 2.49318704 1.23734344 -1.382119063 0.365833248 0.6205822759
## [32,] 2.66987964 1.46773335 0.331327094 0.348371162 0.0863507438
## [33,] 1.62399801 0.05255620 0.166658582 0.747206466 0.6342735393
## [34,] 1.89733870 1.62846673 -1.168785117 2.333845540 0.1862885543
## [35,] 1.40642118 0.69597107 -0.478393534 1.057104252 -0.0988818107
## [36,] 1.89847087 0.17621387 -0.449566866 -0.283314357 0.1624910774
## [37,] 1.38096669 0.65678714 -0.457149018 1.281044479 0.2044349041
## [38,] 1.11905070 0.11378878 0.038997270 0.953710919 0.3412486137
## [39,] 1.49796891 -0.76726764 1.422165587 0.755377264 0.1653776245
## [40,] 2.52268490 1.79793023 0.342187120 -1.183635402 -1.2942447997
## [41,] 2.58081526 0.77742329 0.118144196 -0.474632558 -0.4021874933
## [42,] 0.66660159 0.16948285 0.781158992 -1.309390144 0.3707176678
## [43,] 3.06216898 1.15266742 0.311878313 -0.548736715 0.3032701638
## [44,] 0.46090897 0.32981177 0.200909754 -1.432453085 -0.2824281812
## [45,] 2.09544094 -0.07080918 0.654004547 -0.755613344 -0.4702113166
## [46,] 1.13297020 1.77210849 -0.028624988 -0.689885129 0.0607528293
## [47,] 2.71893118 1.18798353 0.538254909 -1.385641944 0.4954968511
## [48,] 2.81340300 0.64444071 1.152301905 -0.984884671 0.0099489529
## [49,] 2.00419725 1.24352164 0.057132823 -0.229994321 0.3835690682
## [50,] 2.69987528 1.74703922 0.641304569 0.099949574 0.4933214313
## [51,] 3.20587409 0.16652226 1.968020131 -1.117531517 -0.0122436594
## [52,] 2.85091773 0.74318238 -0.004706226 0.214670996 0.7566740077
## [53,] 3.49574328 1.60819732 0.519309620 -0.106236743 0.5999919386
## [54,] 2.21853316 1.86989325 -0.338594715 1.203571449 0.5750221802
## [55,] 2.14094846 1.01389147 0.955068628 0.239642188 -0.8776288188
## [56,] 2.46238340 1.32526988 -0.511993182 -0.254630339 -0.9095743022
## [57,] 2.73380617 1.43250785 0.610750542 -0.205168685 -0.4330423030
## [58,] 2.16762631 1.20878999 -0.261043221 0.503007163 0.6934656297
## [59,] 3.13054925 1.72670828 0.284857863 -0.229918640 -0.0748297503
## [60,] -0.92596992 -3.06484062 4.572166474 1.048885610 -0.4558382584
## [61,] -1.53814123 -1.37755758 0.872222677 2.881989998 0.9752572410
## [62,] -1.83108449 -0.82764942 1.601185434 1.448020162 0.2932485783
## [63,] 0.03052074 -1.25923400 1.779388569 1.203182038 0.3924971348
## [64,] 2.04449433 -1.91961759 0.007348049 -0.719292864 0.0808984437
## [65,] -0.60796583 -1.90269154 -0.677446941 2.147019606 0.0497621781
## [66,] 0.89769555 -0.76176263 -0.571748468 0.677450627 0.1422318296
## [67,] 2.24218226 -1.87929123 2.026124738 -1.403667656 0.7299478607
## [68,] 0.18286818 -2.42031869 1.066736425 -0.127059552 0.5330698330
## [69,] -0.81051865 -0.21989369 0.705016628 2.481988187 0.5819183093
## [70,] 1.97006319 -1.39933587 1.234793017 1.149065114 -4.1748799067
## [71,] -1.56779366 -0.88249373 0.627228614 1.168550068 -0.9626291085
## [72,] 1.65301884 -0.95402102 -1.947091704 -0.151780756 0.7849469419
## [73,] -0.72333196 -1.06065342 -0.080106258 0.075805593 0.1796589739
## [74,] 2.55501977 0.25946663 -3.364901977 0.976644436 -1.9752267229
## [75,] 1.82741266 -1.28425547 -0.456990911 -0.170868753 -0.9984058503
## [76,] -0.86555129 -2.43722606 1.558935609 0.829121008 -0.7059884717
## [77,] 0.36897357 -2.14784815 2.442496359 0.125804166 -0.0950317690
## [78,] -1.45327752 -1.37946048 0.226667500 0.694398057 -1.0643597513
## [79,] 1.25937829 -0.76868117 1.180893359 0.923277788 -2.6062411510
## [80,] 0.37509228 -1.02415439 -1.789418559 -0.975791935 0.1361850267
## [81,] 0.75992026 -3.36555997 0.356464512 0.365701315 0.1540061398
## [82,] 1.03166776 -1.44662897 0.361990641 -0.295761473 0.3050267934
## [83,] -0.49348469 -2.37454522 -1.331985804 1.038050628 1.0391951891
## [84,] -2.53183508 -0.08719738 -0.472917350 -0.756467550 1.1246439894
## [85,] 0.83297044 -1.46952520 -0.608377416 -0.581312066 -0.8966554262
## [86,] 0.78568828 -2.02092573 0.254006881 0.807141232 -0.2581244044
## [87,] -0.80456258 -2.22754675 -0.770681796 1.010864220 0.2910413061
## [88,] -0.55647288 -2.36631035 -2.301120220 1.032408007 0.4755979033
## [89,] -1.11197430 -1.79717757 -0.956554981 0.330351908 0.7294523642
## [90,] -0.55415961 -2.65006452 -0.846738350 0.003188647 1.3424700549
## [91,] -1.34548982 -2.11204365 0.047518277 0.464939030 0.8880409161
## [92,] -1.56008180 -1.84700434 -0.778869932 0.603377336 0.5150125765
## [93,] -1.92711944 -1.55510868 0.089023551 0.521099398 1.1703960240
## [94,] 0.74456561 -2.30642556 -0.114357181 -1.245026633 -0.2621972475
## [95,] 0.95476209 -2.21727377 -0.142044084 -0.313159561 -0.9414868901
## [96,] 2.53670943 0.16879786 -0.786478429 1.029931729 -3.7205838843
## [97,] -0.54242248 -0.36788878 -1.305214079 1.274403619 -3.3373763767
## [98,] 1.02814946 -2.55835254 1.083334218 -0.263118758 0.1893099942
## [99,] 2.24557492 -1.42871116 0.229560681 -0.918579893 0.2392480418
## [100,] 1.40624916 -2.16009839 -0.746789806 -1.192247999 0.7078604231
## [101,] 0.79547585 -2.37026258 1.563701517 0.034718424 -0.6153555529
## [102,] -0.54798592 -2.28667820 1.494718900 0.306174988 -0.3250938834
## [103,] -0.16072037 -1.16120769 -1.000889713 -0.659824937 -0.3003379245
## [104,] -0.65793897 -2.67242260 0.762769188 -0.468632817 -0.1440639974
## [105,] 0.39125074 -2.09282809 0.470522719 -0.435827159 0.3029558525
## [106,] -1.76751314 -1.71245783 -0.944369222 -0.258782591 1.0019989721
## [107,] -0.36523707 -2.16325103 0.479970296 -0.397279783 0.4677318981
## [108,] -1.61611371 -1.35177021 -0.286351238 0.025951340 0.5677509908
## [109,] 0.08230361 -2.29974728 0.462270978 -0.887846515 -0.3396185285
## [110,] 1.57383547 -1.45792167 -1.774639908 -0.611858445 -0.2871716594
## [111,] 1.41657326 -1.41421730 -0.138884054 -3.420889542 -2.1907046218
## [112,] -0.27791878 -1.92513751 -0.078449257 -0.925908863 -0.2607602049
## [113,] -1.29947929 -0.76102555 -1.993971755 1.720981199 0.7328390219
## [114,] -0.45578615 -2.26303187 -1.058353479 0.835076404 0.3225409918
## [115,] -0.49279573 -1.93359062 -1.320213907 0.061423979 0.8465195986
## [116,] 0.48071836 -3.86089273 -1.340489862 0.897379093 0.9297350551
## [117,] -0.25217752 -2.81355567 0.301788475 -0.456678865 -0.3700434022
## [118,] -0.10692601 -1.92349609 -0.688206893 0.272952518 -1.0680839939
## [119,] -2.42616867 -1.25360477 1.897674293 -0.867285397 0.4668257746
## [120,] -0.54953935 -2.21591073 0.355226778 -1.359484943 -0.2161059887
## [121,] 0.73754141 -1.40499335 -1.122179957 -1.201721555 -0.4287118881
## [122,] 1.33256273 0.25262431 -5.330351896 -0.238365113 -0.2358372797
## [123,] -1.17377592 -0.66209914 -3.001754299 -1.162856677 -0.3317927388
## [124,] -0.46103449 -0.61654897 -0.482082470 -3.566663228 -0.1284590799
## [125,] 0.97572169 -1.44150419 -1.477070337 -3.779673087 -0.4984043197
## [126,] -0.09653741 -2.10406268 -0.433602974 -1.051728479 0.3105683504
## [127,] 0.03837888 -1.26319878 -0.685643794 -1.269303630 0.3520590635
## [128,] -1.59266578 -1.20474513 -3.351720753 0.218660737 0.6389610009
## [129,] -0.47821593 -1.93338681 -1.292860514 -0.685043799 0.0603150778
## [130,] -1.78779033 -1.14705241 -0.780598199 -1.474619242 0.5027996354
## [131,] -1.32336859 0.16990994 1.176694043 1.497485578 -2.2988056711
## [132,] -2.37779336 0.37352893 0.721786522 0.307328048 -1.3358636736
## [133,] -2.92867865 0.26311960 0.167168254 0.407623565 -1.0847461227
## [134,] -2.14077227 0.36721907 0.452026190 -0.048391060 -1.7217751255
## [135,] -2.36320318 -0.45834188 1.098301611 0.854367268 1.0640051087
## [136,] -3.05522315 0.35241870 1.096032328 0.738315433 0.7356329018
## [137,] -3.90473898 0.15414769 -0.221203810 0.009042819 0.3617084004
## [138,] -3.92539034 0.65783157 -1.707399051 -0.543949385 0.5358133500
## [139,] -3.08557209 0.34786148 1.023942993 0.071148507 1.0563699641
## [140,] -2.36779237 0.29115903 -1.238420896 0.746699191 0.4144101116
## [141,] -2.77099630 0.28599811 -0.607955155 0.876873331 0.5528643720
## [142,] -2.28012931 0.37146000 0.968909854 0.370392902 0.3371413329
## [143,] -2.97723506 0.48784177 -0.944289205 1.033310740 0.5835007573
## [144,] -2.36851341 0.48097694 0.252172645 -0.669261358 0.6263251170
## [145,] -2.20364930 1.15678934 1.241622757 -0.317941314 -1.6839431963
## [146,] -2.61823528 0.56157662 0.853553310 -0.274908542 -0.6492806653
## [147,] -4.26859758 0.64784348 1.454095134 -1.124990838 0.3585428437
## [148,] -3.57256360 1.26912271 0.110472408 -1.046955708 0.5220791768
## [149,] -2.79916760 1.56611596 0.471198739 -0.625593725 0.2594411446
## [150,] -2.89150275 2.03531563 0.494564703 -0.469830281 -1.4348297265
## [151,] -2.31420887 2.34973775 -0.436450569 0.052112772 -2.2281418730
## [152,] -2.54265841 2.03952982 0.311389606 -0.385883152 -1.8423256365
## [153,] -1.80744271 1.52334876 -1.358756891 0.188863146 -1.7444662672
## [154,] -2.75238051 2.13291565 0.961915241 -0.666505978 0.4756998005
## [155,] -2.72945105 0.40873328 1.187056141 0.661180095 -0.4577455315
## [156,] -3.59472857 1.79731421 0.093772341 -1.265271295 0.6077509394
## [157,] -2.88169708 1.91980308 0.780121925 -1.320999021 0.5696360797
## [158,] -3.38261413 1.30818615 -1.597519558 0.481483936 0.6689842601
## [159,] -1.04523342 3.50520194 -1.156775441 -0.932698364 0.8969184353
## [160,] -1.60538369 2.39986842 -0.547016629 -0.752187852 0.9924073840
## [161,] -3.13428951 0.73608464 0.090742750 -0.977889337 0.4086607360
## [162,] -2.23385546 1.17215877 0.101091765 1.162000851 0.2637054109
## [163,] -2.83966343 0.55447984 -0.801953005 0.895362356 0.2540845746
## [164,] -2.59019044 0.69600220 0.882450235 0.273457357 -0.7700632411
## [165,] -2.94100316 1.55093397 0.980634475 -0.015436802 0.3630579675
## [166,] -3.52010248 0.88004430 0.464718213 -0.579155895 0.6670779730
## [167,] -2.39934228 2.58506402 -0.427021634 0.183816567 -0.4464018776
## [168,] -2.92084537 1.27086200 1.209945161 -0.294485339 0.2665978869
## [169,] -2.17527658 2.07169331 -0.761634073 0.388497417 -0.3588612974
## [170,] -2.37423037 2.58138565 -1.414055150 -0.586846512 -1.1248238159
## [171,] -3.20258311 -0.25054235 0.844746224 0.216454762 -0.6073818633
## [172,] -3.66757294 0.84536318 1.335652516 0.124823752 0.4847445265
## [173,] -2.45862032 2.18762727 0.916196480 -0.017974292 0.6992370577
## [174,] -3.36104305 2.21005484 0.341605883 -1.055549261 0.5725488077
## [175,] -2.59463669 1.75228636 -0.206997440 -0.348513307 -0.2543456990
## [176,] -2.67030685 2.75313287 0.938295059 -0.311157010 -1.2677787511
## [177,] -2.38030254 2.29088437 0.549147119 0.686348441 -0.8116656077
## [178,] -3.19973210 2.76113075 -1.011061581 -0.595224130 0.8926744604
## Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10
## [1,] 0.22325037 -0.594748831 -0.0649558620 0.639638363 1.018083960
## [2,] 0.92451231 -0.053624345 -1.0215343244 -0.307977984 0.159252141
## [3,] -0.54773096 -0.423012184 0.3432478700 -1.174521288 0.113041979
## [4,] -0.11410911 0.382258990 -0.6417831052 0.052396617 0.238739150
## [5,] 0.40537608 -0.442825306 -0.4155283146 0.325899840 -0.078146041
## [6,] -0.12308335 -0.400523928 -0.3937826075 -0.151718098 -0.101708908
## [7,] 0.61837638 -0.052741950 0.3708876323 -0.455730294 1.013703922
## [8,] 1.43575612 -0.032284522 -0.2323235967 0.123023282 0.733530845
## [9,] 0.12881767 -0.124932651 0.4981726190 0.604882896 0.173616861
## [10,] -0.16293204 0.871892740 -0.1501559310 0.229840799 0.178915404
## [11,] 0.18238714 -0.247464317 1.2032168356 -0.523098376 -0.213934103
## [12,] 0.55149954 0.433044673 0.9823554302 -0.472697058 0.219663137
## [13,] 0.21447112 0.241914764 0.4602081723 -0.876341336 -0.096233900
## [14,] -0.74368299 -1.471622150 0.3793157517 -0.025629849 -0.243964418
## [15,] -0.79340481 -0.997158084 0.4037524704 -0.837978701 -0.363407777
## [16,] 0.42102574 0.180458451 -0.0838800838 -0.403320197 -0.797405742
## [17,] 0.06634216 -0.109179799 0.3983112097 0.060883540 0.019458965
## [18,] -0.36390428 -0.091388772 -0.1125228438 0.380958636 -0.400192040
## [19,] -0.30302223 0.033370080 0.0354999773 -0.440323908 -0.782370000
## [20,] 1.38909922 0.102183932 -0.5782839955 0.058587532 -0.149627221
## [21,] 0.10662100 -0.264017729 -0.1850793289 1.314753546 0.361072678
## [22,] 1.20760838 -0.296096446 0.1061518392 -0.571088240 -0.092172600
## [23,] 1.01208813 0.127410238 0.0763985397 0.107958200 0.823195997
## [24,] 0.78229875 0.666522005 -0.1947161703 -0.690454667 0.470355630
## [25,] 0.89622074 0.621796848 0.3413110454 0.094716751 0.664555677
## [26,] 0.26438245 -0.480551753 -0.0946245600 0.110082846 0.464647997
## [27,] 0.56986696 0.456739864 -0.9061648643 -0.740175072 0.441299105
## [28,] 0.60637766 0.361989185 0.2358229894 -0.732726856 0.298589565
## [29,] 0.60037885 -0.117601009 0.0745852854 0.458450401 -0.028027557
## [30,] 0.33429055 0.157904890 0.4687420346 0.137115228 0.800102233
## [31,] -0.58081677 0.414827569 1.0564552256 -0.536880935 -0.319834517
## [32,] -0.16436614 0.532739137 0.5303100989 -0.785302741 -0.218365933
## [33,] 0.04419384 -0.977571981 0.4976668676 0.131159086 0.165104152
## [34,] 0.32706515 -0.981165516 -0.5112019939 0.709719686 0.099328518
## [35,] 0.70825206 0.229092689 0.2268349971 -0.395617175 0.199394968
## [36,] 0.17415047 0.655976907 0.3537311273 0.207576115 0.335996604
## [37,] 0.61874622 0.070180035 -0.9580447329 -0.304426016 -0.202780516
## [38,] 0.40797546 0.407454131 0.0292585208 -0.851462291 -0.312591091
## [39,] 0.41428362 0.026823287 0.0262811149 -0.277335236 -0.282495670
## [40,] 1.53793245 -0.962971858 -0.7667706217 0.719301478 0.022617923
## [41,] -0.72314313 -0.547587261 -0.7040422599 0.815203971 0.323234830
## [42,] 1.32096536 -0.027115199 0.3251205326 -0.284283574 -0.072017291
## [43,] 0.80564479 1.008572513 -0.9272066341 -0.217628393 0.229442300
## [44,] 1.02571004 -0.569786981 -0.5641789109 0.292474332 -0.077972272
## [45,] -0.37076210 -0.020490323 -0.6225777810 0.298161976 0.428004182
## [46,] 1.90848431 -0.172211361 -0.2559916712 0.551859263 0.186825402
## [47,] 1.00815470 -0.737349957 0.2425697998 0.445343780 -0.110755261
## [48,] -0.28994752 0.472580927 -0.1418125697 0.405458879 0.253076120
## [49,] -0.52447475 -0.227875796 0.7988747536 0.114958347 -0.027638117
## [50,] -0.73021856 -0.007598470 0.2505645425 0.177064872 -0.304524717
## [51,] -1.22735670 -0.260077530 0.4667300836 -1.228991995 -0.591649070
## [52,] 0.19158264 0.352751689 1.0691076152 -0.984183504 0.113833641
## [53,] -0.18302807 -0.151445420 -1.4171049791 0.401675513 -0.423652543
## [54,] 0.24526282 -0.463852190 -0.3981536658 -0.314407352 -0.082250674
## [55,] 0.36075734 0.410789089 -0.2887533222 0.279747442 0.453496853
## [56,] -0.55330865 0.357392565 0.5360108047 -0.135264746 0.155448125
## [57,] -0.11567147 0.039119002 -0.3503989858 0.930462550 0.345876713
## [58,] 0.25626086 0.218447363 -0.6101237638 -0.836627063 -0.454038172
## [59,] -0.35057324 0.840703768 -0.6245159754 -0.413469281 -0.202138744
## [60,] 0.38716053 0.092012004 -0.6759025733 0.374915198 -0.414140726
## [61,] -0.03491267 -1.055874525 -1.0723508166 0.275221037 -0.580519671
## [62,] -0.68219233 -0.253428652 -0.9796897296 0.904720113 -0.570313650
## [63,] 0.60537936 0.569377232 0.6181201431 1.198577375 -0.304343708
## [64,] -0.76237558 1.072811065 -0.2977087673 0.609338190 -1.403500735
## [65,] 0.19082721 -0.501705814 -0.0157708190 0.328215591 -1.045635529
## [66,] -1.01466998 -0.192768964 -0.0928982387 -0.589112288 -0.678113555
## [67,] -1.29973214 0.343749093 0.1762906463 0.805356247 -0.374860197
## [68,] 0.06980397 1.350954476 0.2256707643 0.401264164 0.106502259
## [69,] 0.31654670 -0.366059142 -1.2430922412 0.994047808 0.127668412
## [70,] -0.49161077 -1.452448405 1.0395448639 0.373326001 0.414942921
## [71,] -0.26865227 -0.150397545 0.7177820779 -1.086273653 0.669455133
## [72,] 0.31533543 1.487434688 1.5266430802 1.155464136 -0.702407629
## [73,] 0.54278556 1.594403691 1.0493396300 0.895573153 0.386967535
## [74,] 0.31116188 0.448128905 1.1274521175 1.108799865 -0.133602176
## [75,] -0.07763882 1.371769374 -0.5275233145 -0.450361562 -0.239424241
## [76,] -0.11204768 -0.421990367 -0.0647122710 -0.215631225 -0.940274209
## [77,] -0.55535694 0.645991532 0.7377308588 0.779009484 -0.469773883
## [78,] 0.81646663 -0.931632730 -0.8528823153 -0.048670747 0.071690700
## [79,] -1.59330121 -2.008093683 0.1719939608 -0.156062699 0.574549623
## [80,] 0.65929340 -1.189856434 0.3323137712 0.797435081 -0.584283988
## [81,] -0.24455213 0.418735256 0.2407566604 0.671165838 -0.663578914
## [82,] 0.10005582 0.458007562 0.6038924202 -0.290248703 -0.099795264
## [83,] -0.11245747 0.644591880 0.9459611718 -0.528903789 -0.134385765
## [84,] -0.18017841 -1.153046031 0.5008033345 0.200557279 0.149294350
## [85,] -0.88004537 0.830753454 -0.5592807376 -1.208858133 0.840246591
## [86,] 0.15736206 0.269264817 0.1466605445 0.517153456 0.134352440
## [87,] -0.34861049 -0.256206987 1.0547359247 -0.065738692 -0.490348747
## [88,] 0.23689883 0.490317621 0.8640362911 -0.413629868 -0.143665328
## [89,] -0.05778308 -0.087527256 -0.3116384719 -0.902130687 0.304686584
## [90,] -0.04050004 0.759059779 0.4348815432 -0.349678445 0.677792495
## [91,] -0.49519284 -0.754162665 0.1214222110 -0.616298352 0.191218504
## [92,] -0.72995820 -0.137254489 0.4424331058 -0.414513279 0.591594341
## [93,] -0.90341298 -0.537355662 0.5464923324 -0.131852777 0.733022256
## [94,] 0.51523448 -0.208194804 0.1951665274 0.103418970 -0.404991738
## [95,] 0.38174963 0.755976765 -0.8999133006 0.096340283 -1.270727815
## [96,] -1.34787638 -2.636632874 0.5316105770 0.157712327 0.528186613
## [97,] 0.70749812 0.350869264 0.1133422473 -0.995318004 0.056651557
## [98,] -0.40155259 -0.013416036 -0.0351730338 0.180238029 -0.727492384
## [99,] -1.03941568 0.869174374 -0.7582036889 0.235852971 -0.940264259
## [100,] -0.60890102 -2.086193829 0.5853862468 0.127889411 -1.207796649
## [101,] 0.28683674 -0.281299455 0.3779260487 0.112690625 -0.614425007
## [102,] 0.15033374 0.410632502 0.7975124471 -0.051353848 0.666571058
## [103,] 0.65866204 0.496620443 -0.9585272490 0.323643678 0.601040988
## [104,] -0.45237071 0.047534647 -0.4417604124 0.230671692 -0.103079438
## [105,] 0.24861284 0.451921635 0.3988110899 0.174863756 0.737263462
## [106,] -0.10572252 -1.076005588 -0.4096275919 0.764561536 1.418103549
## [107,] -0.19393954 0.239600027 0.2856080683 -0.337241715 0.648575738
## [108,] -0.57953298 0.077397542 0.6874718262 -0.053712948 0.919045217
## [109,] -1.10937521 -0.209774926 -0.3011821482 0.558991160 0.807831741
## [110,] -0.79507536 0.280446350 -0.6153174951 -1.261277425 0.311427103
## [111,] -1.45301722 -1.677294674 -0.0348841027 -0.548950366 -0.192695859
## [112,] 0.67808421 0.845209495 -0.2882450691 0.592374912 -0.174976668
## [113,] 0.48535077 -1.130088787 -0.8425817256 -0.700271557 -0.504878960
## [114,] -1.00029497 0.503012058 -0.7389496896 -0.422080227 -0.505540443
## [115,] 0.03308423 0.979370476 -0.9557604829 0.371716535 0.365850622
## [116,] -0.96664314 -1.399161051 0.6768820693 -0.096920662 -1.350377748
## [117,] -0.04812876 0.566567454 0.1418822364 -0.160790595 0.841455951
## [118,] -0.03711652 0.012666328 0.3595101038 0.815249892 0.453181532
## [119,] 0.82562697 -0.241262416 -0.6361604218 0.126388224 0.174281109
## [120,] 0.57080665 -0.963210515 0.1930995073 -0.487542636 0.464314932
## [121,] -0.10554847 0.204449461 -1.3895468316 -0.645105810 0.211025077
## [122,] -0.79872619 0.598713013 -1.7737746801 0.414862002 -0.251102612
## [123,] 1.17630722 -0.610827456 0.2495493153 0.286146232 0.170562938
## [124,] 1.51095874 -0.760615998 0.2486460901 0.471212190 -0.232610270
## [125,] 0.11895335 -0.180260576 -0.0998887103 -0.790257472 0.017256090
## [126,] 0.10982500 0.531764558 -0.8394100965 0.441781679 0.293703835
## [127,] -0.97116856 0.814495585 -0.9774745302 0.518230842 0.445045152
## [128,] -0.86369839 -0.138225476 0.1125404655 -0.163808038 0.231930790
## [129,] -0.68223657 0.409420996 0.3002508091 0.414215360 0.607576400
## [130,] 0.99269466 -0.317611641 -0.2523783018 -0.723124254 -0.085217672
## [131,] 0.15242296 0.823494454 -0.2742775199 -0.173524831 -0.027375424
## [132,] 0.71800668 0.927204450 0.1410892219 -0.361397371 -0.472174259
## [133,] 0.09401053 1.599142086 0.5714267140 -0.350449143 -0.001241045
## [134,] 1.02873775 1.005706878 0.2865828449 -0.418597389 -1.058180055
## [135,] -1.42671618 -0.338588763 -0.8463026591 -0.314992509 0.368017983
## [136,] -0.83869075 -0.714554302 -0.7468526525 -0.099244005 0.191605107
## [137,] 1.12164718 -0.894816984 -0.2024802417 -1.199087638 -0.448822862
## [138,] 0.88811791 -1.461847761 0.0624790474 -0.064470913 -0.595186477
## [139,] 0.38586885 -0.770215921 0.1459202687 0.526619071 0.138563466
## [140,] 0.42564678 -0.073269548 -0.3308079007 0.537455185 -0.082270140
## [141,] 0.73368923 -0.010183487 -0.4335914687 -0.151775328 0.741411198
## [142,] 0.91025107 0.962083803 0.1498574747 -0.241378773 0.922159991
## [143,] 1.22422013 0.230969547 0.3197499037 0.508704748 0.262177075
## [144,] 1.55595129 -0.969331360 0.3735187441 0.513922274 -0.508339092
## [145,] 0.33014325 -0.009331422 -0.2860874470 -0.997577369 -0.209950833
## [146,] 0.44606133 -0.575030092 0.3979081690 -0.322569834 0.759527663
## [147,] 1.61209636 0.075108849 0.7619186337 0.098466550 -0.023777568
## [148,] 0.59848535 0.187935679 -0.4201607332 -0.422902488 -0.150509484
## [149,] -0.55168667 0.448199854 -0.1225273431 0.044501504 0.021806546
## [150,] -0.17804118 0.392412911 -0.0459290944 0.090222862 -0.608809654
## [151,] -0.07656257 1.269856586 0.4651562766 0.303792459 -0.421752139
## [152,] -0.97727238 1.622614463 -0.2689047015 -0.147386440 -0.431438044
## [153,] -0.96756214 1.537513656 0.0792671108 0.367737047 -0.302216231
## [154,] -1.79704420 -1.015541341 -0.3707133804 -0.013269081 0.095709212
## [155,] -1.87659660 -0.023272553 -0.3920897488 -0.002283067 0.835469289
## [156,] -0.19139290 -1.414432823 0.1973187306 -0.174172452 -0.186066340
## [157,] -0.42939440 -0.217242924 0.1366167888 0.348358840 -0.144780344
## [158,] -0.80130510 -0.095566933 -0.1074640402 -0.429101991 0.309517272
## [159,] -3.27504281 0.640656143 0.5208667777 0.940613550 0.350894491
## [160,] -2.91126473 0.709055952 -0.1371407948 0.189015671 0.079722214
## [161,] -0.39780019 0.073822979 -1.0901152493 -0.155359572 -0.619307520
## [162,] 0.79878548 -0.538364032 0.1322312343 0.554027438 -0.246126740
## [163,] 0.28775631 -0.865321429 -0.2512752825 0.317714358 0.251911642
## [164,] 0.71781755 -0.271733724 -0.2598086664 -0.338537132 0.224169920
## [165,] -0.48982426 0.983161709 0.7835869145 0.355326136 0.007632986
## [166,] 0.45752369 -0.520751690 1.0721033406 0.485071111 0.034180228
## [167,] -0.56790428 -0.035701360 0.6713512455 0.167534421 -0.863419750
## [168,] -0.38014078 0.642508297 -0.0005513564 -0.501117492 -0.598336500
## [169,] -0.62779685 0.751203293 0.9234686974 -0.109524582 0.216024966
## [170,] 0.98087803 0.927855274 0.2931778502 -0.002518568 -0.706795796
## [171,] 0.39426556 0.291028344 -0.5812665877 -0.595443562 0.154489700
## [172,] -0.85554582 1.022754949 -0.6741852287 0.020565244 -0.027260064
## [173,] -0.67893979 0.826866628 0.2956820474 0.325916860 0.273387535
## [174,] 1.10566946 -0.955719862 0.1456865033 -0.022434370 -0.303261896
## [175,] 0.02639093 -0.146480343 0.5508730937 -0.097693793 -0.205481149
## [176,] -0.27229980 -0.677324754 -0.0468915289 0.001218709 -0.247299709
## [177,] -1.17546713 -0.632191933 -0.3897293942 0.057286075 0.490106969
## [178,] -0.29525929 -0.005725107 0.2920897840 0.739574173 -0.117637179
## Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13
## [1,] 0.450293172 -5.392891e-01 -0.066052305
## [2,] 0.142256019 -3.871456e-01 0.003626273
## [3,] 0.285866453 -5.819316e-04 0.021655423
## [4,] -0.757447643 2.413388e-01 -0.368444194
## [5,] 0.524465629 2.160547e-01 -0.079140320
## [6,] -0.404444427 3.783654e-01 0.144747017
## [7,] 0.441188870 -1.408326e-01 -0.271013687
## [8,] -0.292729105 -3.785951e-01 -0.109853902
## [9,] 0.507501293 6.334624e-01 0.141683863
## [10,] -0.012443071 -5.487788e-01 -0.042335430
## [11,] -0.730454090 8.108354e-02 0.122257108
## [12,] -0.041319595 1.621036e-01 0.142368192
## [13,] -0.053894424 8.949406e-02 -0.004921359
## [14,] 1.228335908 7.701610e-01 0.225186084
## [15,] 0.314857945 1.424180e-01 -0.094457503
## [16,] -0.102395272 -4.963956e-01 -0.065814111
## [17,] -0.078145997 4.993885e-01 0.337151717
## [18,] -0.308212482 2.630832e-01 0.557720257
## [19,] -0.915924594 -1.646237e-01 0.513095770
## [20,] 0.833375698 -2.870648e-01 0.058544167
## [21,] 0.459922727 -4.721267e-01 -0.027701209
## [22,] 0.656976542 -6.807690e-01 -0.303788047
## [23,] 0.088831891 -4.807459e-01 -0.044807342
## [24,] 0.032414377 -4.824856e-01 -0.342783088
## [25,] 0.378441498 -3.131924e-01 -0.226906559
## [26,] 0.438274917 1.092096e-01 -0.057938048
## [27,] 0.033006111 2.082477e-01 0.002159407
## [28,] -0.863424134 3.761563e-01 0.008567548
## [29,] 0.535337077 -4.943902e-02 -0.198140209
## [30,] 0.121573571 -1.353494e-01 -0.445353113
## [31,] -0.375478395 6.076575e-01 0.085661637
## [32,] -1.071778784 -2.778477e-03 0.271783807
## [33,] 0.219890759 2.035213e-01 0.245083969
## [34,] -0.623103855 -1.084192e-01 0.054384154
## [35,] 0.175022934 2.190564e-01 0.106609539
## [36,] -0.197951397 -2.322912e-01 0.132380848
## [37,] 1.096826564 1.468095e-01 -0.061118487
## [38,] -0.003796615 4.010997e-01 0.005741893
## [39,] -0.283059303 1.788494e-01 0.318416807
## [40,] 1.190164307 -1.684139e-01 -0.177785910
## [41,] 0.281569393 -1.960816e-01 0.076720047
## [42,] -0.825148162 7.319633e-02 0.427646271
## [43,] 0.441279064 1.858606e-01 -0.022889178
## [44,] 0.070522676 4.944707e-02 0.201488532
## [45,] -0.469775701 -5.603156e-02 0.080838339
## [46,] -0.592809909 -4.661425e-02 0.061515247
## [47,] -0.048497461 2.026562e-01 -0.151639543
## [48,] -0.122643011 8.498488e-02 0.188756494
## [49,] 0.103035622 3.170517e-01 0.128661414
## [50,] -0.545559068 -7.390721e-01 0.547126406
## [51,] 0.366278474 -4.098684e-01 0.080562538
## [52,] 0.548138551 -3.156914e-01 -0.051318448
## [53,] -0.291255780 8.961886e-02 -0.130654479
## [54,] -0.308387538 -4.517518e-05 -0.159199866
## [55,] -0.171942056 -1.781425e-01 0.295282582
## [56,] -0.331902617 1.697504e-01 -0.241059524
## [57,] 0.042558835 5.384920e-02 -0.162028993
## [58,] -0.083485523 1.252307e-01 0.111250970
## [59,] -0.259140456 5.561413e-01 0.163636436
## [60,] -0.364715885 6.006008e-01 -0.490949914
## [61,] -0.148077570 3.019641e-01 -0.102504556
## [62,] -0.150132358 8.382021e-02 0.315869217
## [63,] -0.251909058 1.404344e-01 0.163287677
## [64,] -0.008235091 2.302245e-01 -0.385180426
## [65,] 0.879811993 -2.903585e-01 0.029689070
## [66,] 0.806354871 2.034458e-01 0.126114352
## [67,] 0.154514305 -1.790132e-01 0.119628586
## [68,] -0.478400643 -1.096439e+00 -0.015744894
## [69,] -0.231823702 9.980893e-01 -0.284932394
## [70,] -0.230820881 -7.207946e-01 -0.495370049
## [71,] -0.227755541 4.532478e-01 0.378542475
## [72,] 0.736167009 4.622716e-01 -0.338601200
## [73,] -0.097219056 1.761363e-01 0.260052575
## [74,] -1.775447165 1.073558e-01 -0.248619545
## [75,] -1.069751720 4.634538e-01 -1.015292954
## [76,] 0.172542998 -5.980770e-01 0.271686401
## [77,] 0.383038305 -2.213931e-01 0.249730956
## [78,] -0.061632275 -3.438591e-01 0.118480804
## [79,] 0.383601420 1.866931e-01 0.114793217
## [80,] -0.263448331 -1.330275e-02 -0.065437836
## [81,] 0.122468015 -4.848350e-01 -0.141707886
## [82,] 0.133078045 -3.600221e-01 0.160610927
## [83,] -0.127189937 4.181222e-02 -0.316382509
## [84,] -0.036231533 1.957742e-01 0.587483713
## [85,] 1.256459906 2.117868e-01 -0.330273602
## [86,] 0.600454439 -2.687312e-01 -0.279526292
## [87,] 0.021025688 8.916763e-02 0.149672514
## [88,] -0.316580543 -7.887667e-01 -0.310184819
## [89,] -0.319627262 -1.517951e-01 0.007532142
## [90,] -0.617132207 7.366350e-02 -0.375549552
## [91,] 0.668235455 1.796727e-01 0.131257681
## [92,] 0.407229629 -4.433615e-01 -0.006230548
## [93,] 0.433804621 4.585765e-01 0.502522586
## [94,] 0.794181380 -2.560240e-01 -0.362416013
## [95,] 0.172245883 -2.158058e-01 -0.674226299
## [96,] -0.238084542 4.547192e-01 -0.106090205
## [97,] 0.675764330 2.151201e-01 -0.487466340
## [98,] 0.393029781 6.648874e-02 -0.028340071
## [99,] -0.496321599 5.834300e-01 0.294405946
## [100,] 0.616429303 8.174612e-02 -0.011418872
## [101,] -0.967939001 -6.391004e-01 0.173276810
## [102,] 0.030961167 -1.220464e-01 0.125366919
## [103,] 0.024825749 -4.794746e-02 -0.225153963
## [104,] -0.673947861 5.661242e-01 -0.228944846
## [105,] -0.719426219 -5.105416e-01 -0.127902732
## [106,] -0.012799223 -5.501176e-01 0.559119750
## [107,] 0.277300522 -6.048618e-01 0.342906321
## [108,] 0.259066344 2.283585e-01 0.669880553
## [109,] 0.063774131 1.801369e-01 -0.036359761
## [110,] 0.595607348 2.330125e-01 -0.201012464
## [111,] -0.742466550 6.214695e-01 -0.360007168
## [112,] -0.089333696 5.930655e-01 0.065098087
## [113,] 0.687306588 -7.079421e-01 0.377962059
## [114,] 0.157068527 3.268997e-01 -0.203083883
## [115,] -0.110298683 -1.850188e-02 -0.014178421
## [116,] -0.292723086 -7.212221e-01 -0.271269374
## [117,] -0.471826849 -2.928895e-01 -0.186327870
## [118,] -0.003455188 9.816649e-03 0.303883015
## [119,] 0.324943162 3.021069e-01 0.308446357
## [120,] -0.312709027 1.612067e-02 -0.098549106
## [121,] -0.379100308 -1.403313e-01 -0.063486758
## [122,] -0.144435563 -8.464353e-01 1.529109208
## [123,] 0.027100690 1.263611e-03 0.145098221
## [124,] -0.200484952 3.576277e-01 0.315210007
## [125,] 0.454504146 -2.915243e-02 -0.160329319
## [126,] -0.387376974 -4.976103e-02 0.296261235
## [127,] 0.018719450 5.665259e-01 0.646231938
## [128,] -0.350869794 3.637510e-01 0.470529942
## [129,] -0.059597318 6.106772e-01 0.460969370
## [130,] -0.418116058 2.582774e-01 0.105819571
## [131,] 0.539852952 1.022195e+00 0.341326312
## [132,] 0.549575268 3.931512e-01 0.470467850
## [133,] 0.005471419 5.194313e-01 0.614225371
## [134,] -0.059411735 6.876249e-01 0.188782523
## [135,] 0.016630033 6.660466e-01 -0.470567632
## [136,] -0.399597906 -1.671955e-01 0.073499061
## [137,] -0.193547647 5.758571e-01 0.028390040
## [138,] -0.439964431 7.041011e-02 -0.162753365
## [139,] -0.126253624 8.394657e-02 -0.141084454
## [140,] -0.541792330 2.199531e-01 -0.758900946
## [141,] 0.415999046 -5.265910e-02 -0.388197057
## [142,] -0.079433264 -2.370696e-01 -0.286267649
## [143,] 0.351064181 2.456820e-01 -0.278405723
## [144,] 0.076028907 2.805287e-01 -0.388997899
## [145,] -0.495547413 -9.911227e-01 0.037428867
## [146,] -0.639282814 8.633635e-01 0.027569340
## [147,] 0.594698617 6.579359e-01 0.289983470
## [148,] -0.221453414 -2.802910e-01 -0.156167043
## [149,] -0.178231673 1.580630e-01 -0.235003041
## [150,] 0.076363909 -3.518680e-01 0.748213898
## [151,] 0.581149246 1.767448e-01 0.737942975
## [152,] 0.412622901 -5.908004e-01 0.463270367
## [153,] 0.457901037 9.988592e-01 -0.222630110
## [154,] 0.120970961 -4.426112e-01 -0.057022537
## [155,] -0.358689211 1.217083e-02 0.086390287
## [156,] -0.577715487 3.610022e-03 -0.008642083
## [157,] 0.659578728 -4.236774e-02 -0.176074256
## [158,] -1.315534687 -2.071445e-02 -0.215383357
## [159,] 0.281045874 -8.801442e-02 -0.812886569
## [160,] 0.365731236 -8.549783e-02 -0.810275532
## [161,] -0.465989786 1.128595e-01 -0.317937601
## [162,] 0.221436973 1.018395e-01 -0.437275935
## [163,] -0.006822216 -3.157488e-01 -0.228603203
## [164,] 0.212061213 1.683273e-01 0.057330493
## [165,] 0.073483354 -4.764010e-01 0.100991274
## [166,] 0.006251150 -1.201364e-01 0.080859845
## [167,] 0.097170993 -7.974034e-01 -0.090238691
## [168,] -0.075425553 -1.076619e+00 -0.112673491
## [169,] 0.224580421 -1.526518e-01 -0.148077986
## [170,] 0.151962189 -2.508946e-01 -0.394913655
## [171,] 0.198615485 -2.447545e-01 -0.023830564
## [172,] 0.128627190 -8.023284e-01 0.025895627
## [173,] 0.607010545 -9.836331e-02 -0.258469201
## [174,] -0.138836000 -1.703055e-01 -0.114104734
## [175,] -0.257471452 2.786450e-01 -0.186844213
## [176,] -0.511050413 -6.968009e-01 0.071874944
## [177,] -0.298978585 -3.388648e-01 -0.021804253
## [178,] 0.229317454 1.882569e-01 -0.323053425screeplot(data.pca1, type="lines")
############แบบที่ 2 prcomp
data.pca2=prcomp(standard.wine)
summary(data.pca2)## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 2.169 1.5802 1.2025 0.95863 0.92370 0.80103 0.74231
## Proportion of Variance 0.362 0.1921 0.1112 0.07069 0.06563 0.04936 0.04239
## Cumulative Proportion 0.362 0.5541 0.6653 0.73599 0.80162 0.85098 0.89337
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13
## Standard deviation 0.59034 0.53748 0.5009 0.47517 0.41082 0.32152
## Proportion of Variance 0.02681 0.02222 0.0193 0.01737 0.01298 0.00795
## Cumulative Proportion 0.92018 0.94240 0.9617 0.97907 0.99205 1.00000screeplot(data.pca2, type="lines")
data.pca2$sdev## [1] 2.1692972 1.5801816 1.2025273 0.9586313 0.9237035 0.8010350 0.7423128
## [8] 0.5903367 0.5374755 0.5009017 0.4751722 0.4108165 0.3215244(data.pca2$sdev)^2## [1] 4.7058503 2.4969737 1.4460720 0.9189739 0.8532282 0.6416570 0.5510283
## [8] 0.3484974 0.2888799 0.2509025 0.2257886 0.1687702 0.1033779