Instructions

First Using V2Paviol

Distribution of Rejection of Political Violence (Ordinal Scale)
Rejection Level (0–4) Count Percentage
0 190 3.01
1 598 9.48
2 660 10.46
3 1768 28.03
4 3091 49.01
Missing 5591 NA
Distribution of Rejection of Political Violence (Including Missing Values)
Rejection Level (0–4) Count Percentage of Total (%)
0 190 1.60
1 598 5.03
2 660 5.55
3 1768 14.86
4 3091 25.98
Missing 5591 46.99
Frequency of Party Positions on Violence
Rejection Level Count Share (%)
0 190 3.01
1 598 9.48
2 660 10.46
3 1768 28.03
4 3091 49.01
Frequency of Party Positions on Violence (v2paviol_ord, including missing)
Rejection Level Count Share (%)
0 190 1.60
1 598 5.03
2 660 5.55
3 1768 14.86
4 3091 25.98
Missing 5591 46.99
Condoning of Political Violence by Regime Type (4-Level RoW Classification)
Regime Type Condones Violence (%) Number of Party-Years
Closed Autocracy 58.3 504
Electoral Autocracy 39.3 1851
Electoral Democracy 21.3 1722
Liberal Democracy 1.9 2115
Condoning of Political Violence by Populism Type (v8_ord)
Populism Type Condones Violence (%) Party-Years
Strongly Pluralist 10.4 48
Moderately Pluralist 12.6 135
Moderately Populist 24.0 146
Strongly Populist 39.4 142
Condoning of Political Violence by Populist Values Type
Populist Values Type Condones Violence (%) Party-Years
Other or Missing 39.3 28
Pluralist–Liberal 7.0 114
Pluralist–Conservative 19.4 67
Populist–Liberal 28.8 59
Populist–Conservative 32.4 219
Average Vote Share by Violence Stance
Violence Position Mean Vote Share (%) Party-Years
Condones Violence 35.7 1009
Rejects Violence 20.1 4158
Average and Median Vote Share by Violence Stance
Violence Position Median Vote Share (%) Mean Vote Share (%) Party-Years
Condones Violence 24.4 35.69296 1009
Rejects Violence 14.3 20.08237 4158
Average Vote Share by Violence Stance Trimmed beyond 80 pecentile
Violence Position Mean Trimmed (%)
Condones Violence 25.75478
Rejects Violence 19.59865
Vote Share by Violence Stance in Democracies Only
Violence Position Mean Vote Share (%) Median Vote Share (%) Party-Years
Condones Violence 21.1 14.6 368
Rejects Violence 19.6 14.5 3180

Using ‘v2pasalie_16’

Question: Which of the following issues are most relevant for the party’s effort to gain and keep voters?

16: Intimidation/violence. (0=No, 1=Yes) [v2pasalie_16]

## 
##     0 0.091   0.1 0.111 0.125 0.143 0.167   0.2  0.25 0.273 0.286   0.3 0.333 
##  5484    20     6     4     8    80    80   105    98     1    36     1    89 
## 0.364   0.4 0.429 0.444   0.5 0.571   0.6 0.667  0.75     1 
##     1    34    16     1   131     2    11    18     9    62
Violent Mobilization by Party-Year (Threshold: ≥ 0.5)
Mobilized Violently Count Percentage (Excluding Missing)
Missing 5601 NA
No 6064 96.3
Yes 233 3.7
Distribution of Violent Mobilization (Threshold: ≥ 0.5)
Mobilized Violently Count Percentage
Missing 5601 47.1
No 6064 51.0
Yes 233 2.0
Violent Mobilization by Regime Type
Regime Type Mobilizing Violently (%) Party-Years
Closed Autocracy 15.1 497
Electoral Autocracy 7.9 1852
Electoral Democracy 0.6 1722
Liberal Democracy 0.0 2111
Violent Mobilization by Populism Type (v8_ord)
Populism Type Mobilizing Violently (%) Party-Years
Strongly Pluralist 0.0 48
Moderately Pluralist 1.5 135
Moderately Populist 2.7 146
Strongly Populist 12.0 142
Vote Share by Violent Mobilization Status
Violence Status Mean Vote Share (%) Median Vote Share (%) Party-Years
Did Not Mobilize 22.3 15.1 5043
Mobilized Violently 58.0 58.9 120
Vote Share by Violent Mobilization Status (Democracies Only)
Violence Status Mean Vote Share (%) Median Vote Share (%) Party-Years
Did Not Mobilize 19.7 14.5 3534
Mobilized Violently 29.6 31.4 10