Descriptive Analyses
Andres Pinedo
2025-06-04
#Load packages
#load psych package
library(psych)
#load tidyverse package
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ ggplot2::%+%() masks psych::%+%()
## ✖ ggplot2::alpha() masks psych::alpha()
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(viridis) # For color-blind-friendly palettes## Loading required package: viridisLite#Read in data
#read in SLYCE data
SLYCE <- read.csv("Survey-SLICE-cleaned-01.21.2025.csv")#create key composites
#compute composite for critical reflection
SLYCE$c_ref <- (SLYCE$CR_1 + SLYCE$CR_2 + SLYCE$CR_3 + SLYCE$CR_4) /4
class(SLYCE$c_ref)## [1] "numeric"#compute composite for critical motivation
SLYCE$c_mot <- (SLYCE$CM_1 + SLYCE$CM_2 + SLYCE$CM_3 + SLYCE$CM_4) /4
#check descriptives for c_mot to ensure compsite looks good
describe(SLYCE$c_mot)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 3.85 0.94 4 3.95 1.11 1 5 4 -0.87 0.36 0.03#compute composite for critical action
SLYCE$c_act <- (SLYCE$CA_1 + SLYCE$CA_2 + SLYCE$CA_3 + SLYCE$CA_4 + SLYCE$CA_5) /5
#Make composite for family encouragement and conversation
SLYCE$F_conv <- (SLYCE$DS_R1_f + SLYCE$DS_R4_f + SLYCE$IS_E1_f + SLYCE$IS_E2_f) /4
#Make composite for non-parental family sociopolitical action
SLYCE$F_sa <- (SLYCE$DS_A2_f + SLYCE$DS_A3_f + SLYCE$DS_A4_f + SLYCE$DS_A5_f + SLYCE$DS_A6_f) /5
#Make composite for non-parental family discouragement for sociopolitical action
SLYCE$F_disc <- (SLYCE$AD_1_f + SLYCE$AD_3_f + SLYCE$AD_6_f + SLYCE$AD_8_f) /4
#Create composite for educator conversations and encouragement for sociopolitical action
SLYCE$Ed_enc <- (SLYCE$DS_R1_t + SLYCE$DS_R4_t + SLYCE$DS_A1_t + SLYCE$DS_A3_t + SLYCE$DS_A5_t + SLYCE$DS_A6_t + SLYCE$DS_A7_t + SLYCE$IS_E1_t + SLYCE$IS_E2_t + SLYCE$IS_E3_t + SLYCE$IS_E4_t) /11
#Create composite for educator discouragement for sociopolitical action
SLYCE$Ed_disc <- (SLYCE$AD_1_t + SLYCE$AD_3_t + SLYCE$AD_4_t + SLYCE$AD_5_t) /4
#Create composite for community member conversations and encouragement for sociopolitical action
SLYCE$Com_enc <- (SLYCE$DS_R1_c + SLYCE$DS_R4_c + SLYCE$DS_A3_c + SLYCE$DS_A5_c + SLYCE$DS_A6_c + SLYCE$DS_A7_c + SLYCE$IS_E3_c + SLYCE$IS_E4_c) /8
#Create composite for community member discouragement
SLYCE$Com_disc <- (SLYCE$AD_1_c + SLYCE$AD_2_c + SLYCE$AD_3_c + SLYCE$AD_4_c + SLYCE$AD_5_c + SLYCE$AD_6_c + SLYCE$AD_8_c) /7
#Create composite for ARAS interpersonal action subscale
SLYCE$ARA_Int <- (SLYCE$ARA_IA_1 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_2 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_3 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_4 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_5 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_6 + SLYCE$ARA_IA_7) /7
#Create composite for ARAS communal action subscale
SLYCE$ARA_Com <- (SLYCE$ARA_CA_1 + SLYCE$ARA_CA_2 + SLYCE$ARA_CA_3 + SLYCE$ARA_CA_4) /4
#make gen status variable a factor
class(SLYCE$gen_status)## [1] "character"SLYCE$gen_status <- as.factor(SLYCE$gen_status)#See descriptives for key study variables
#describe c_ref
describe(SLYCE$c_ref)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 822 3.5 1.02 3.75 3.56 1.11 1 5 4 -0.53 -0.29 0.04#descriptives for C_mot
describe(SLYCE$c_mot)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 3.85 0.94 4 3.95 1.11 1 5 4 -0.87 0.36 0.03#check descriptives for c_act
describe(SLYCE$c_act)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 2.09 1.1 1.8 1.96 1.19 1 5 4 0.64 -0.74 0.04#Descriptives for family spd discussion
describe(SLYCE$F_conv)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 3.62 1.28 3.75 3.66 1.11 1 6 5 -0.22 -0.46 0.04#Descriptives for family sa encouragement
describe(SLYCE$F_sa)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 820 2.66 1.32 2.6 2.57 1.78 1 6 5 0.33 -0.77 0.05#Descriptives for family discouragement
describe(SLYCE$F_disc)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 3.02 1.39 3 2.97 1.48 1 6 5 0.11 -0.89 0.05#Descriptives for educator encouragement
describe(SLYCE$Ed_enc)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 819 3.57 1.2 3.64 3.61 1.21 1 6 5 -0.21 -0.31 0.04#Descriptives for educator discouragement
describe(SLYCE$Ed_disc)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 821 2.97 1.39 3 2.92 1.48 1 6 5 0.13 -0.88 0.05#descriptives for community member convos encouragement
describe(SLYCE$Com_enc)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 820 3.35 1.21 3.38 3.35 1.11 1 6 5 -0.05 -0.37 0.04#descriptives for community member discouragement
describe(SLYCE$Com_disc)## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 820 3.07 1.33 3.14 3.03 1.27 1 6 5 0.07 -0.7 0.05#Let’s look st descriptives by immigration status
#Cr descriptives by immugration status
describeBy(SLYCE$c_ref, SLYCE$gen_status, mat = TRUE)## item group1 vars n mean sd median trimmed mad
## X11 1 First Generation 1 127 3.316929 1.0599345 3.50 3.378641 1.11195
## X12 2 Second Generation 1 361 3.644044 0.9581662 3.75 3.713668 1.11195
## X13 3 Third Generation 1 305 3.449180 1.0335050 3.50 3.500000 1.11195
## min max range skew kurtosis se
## X11 1 5 4 -0.4686011 -0.41579233 0.09405398
## X12 1 5 4 -0.6283104 -0.02398135 0.05042980
## X13 1 5 4 -0.4365541 -0.47326910 0.05917832#CM descriptives by immugration status
describeBy(SLYCE$c_mot, SLYCE$gen_status, mat = TRUE)## item group1 vars n mean sd median trimmed mad
## X11 1 First Generation 1 126 3.674603 1.0383977 3.875 3.769608 1.11195
## X12 2 Second Generation 1 361 3.973684 0.8734113 4.250 4.064879 0.74130
## X13 3 Third Generation 1 305 3.821311 0.9461426 4.000 3.914286 0.74130
## min max range skew kurtosis se
## X11 1 5 4 -0.6901494 -0.1982780 0.09250782
## X12 1 5 4 -0.9093320 0.5069410 0.04596901
## X13 1 5 4 -0.8509155 0.2032412 0.05417597#CM descriptives by immugration status
describeBy(SLYCE$c_act, SLYCE$gen_status, mat = TRUE)## item group1 vars n mean sd median trimmed mad
## X11 1 First Generation 1 126 2.419048 1.087067 2.6 2.366667 1.18608
## X12 2 Second Generation 1 362 2.018232 1.095647 1.6 1.879310 0.88956
## X13 3 Third Generation 1 304 2.044079 1.103863 1.6 1.908197 0.88956
## min max range skew kurtosis se
## X11 1 5 4 0.1684810 -0.9589183 0.09684361
## X12 1 5 4 0.7674605 -0.5505675 0.05758593
## X13 1 5 4 0.7073168 -0.7046907 0.06331086describeBy(SLYCE$F_conv, SLYCE$gen_status, mat = TRUE)## item group1 vars n mean sd median trimmed mad
## X11 1 First Generation 1 125 3.502000 1.312738 3.75 3.529703 1.48260
## X12 2 Second Generation 1 362 3.642265 1.229878 3.75 3.678448 1.11195
## X13 3 Third Generation 1 305 3.668033 1.337037 3.75 3.712245 1.48260
## min max range skew kurtosis se
## X11 1 6 5 -0.1868219 -0.6285720 0.11741490
## X12 1 6 5 -0.2448270 -0.2950770 0.06464094
## X13 1 6 5 -0.2180326 -0.5994695 0.07655850#Now let’s see some histrograms for the variables above
##Histogram for Critical Reflection
##Histogram for Critical Reflection
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = c_ref)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of c_ref Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for Critical Motivation
##Histogram for Critical Motivation
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = c_mot)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of c_mot Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for Critical Action
##Histogram for Critical Action
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = c_act)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of c_act Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for Interpersonal Action
##Histogram for Interpersonal Action
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = ARA_Int)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of ARA_Int Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for Communal Action
##Histogram for Communal Action
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = ARA_Com)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of ARA_Com Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for family encouraging convos
##Histogram for family encouraging convos
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = F_conv)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of f_conv Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for family family sociopoltiical action
##Histogram for Family socipolitical action
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = F_sa)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of f_sa Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for family family discouragement
##Histogram for Family discouragement
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = F_disc)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of f_disc Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for educator encouragement
##Histogram for Educator encouragement
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = Ed_enc)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of Ed_enc Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for educator discouragement
##Histogram for Educator discouragement
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = Ed_disc)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of Ed_disc Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for community member encouragement
##Histogram for community member encouragement
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = Com_enc)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of Com_enc Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
##Histogram for community member discouragement
##Histogram for community member discouragement
ggplot(SLYCE, aes(x = Com_disc)) +
geom_bar(fill = "steelblue", color = "black") + # Bar plot with customized color
labs(
title = "Distribution of Com_disc Responses",
x = "Likert Scale (1-6)",
y = "Frequency"
) + # Add axis labels and title
theme_minimal() + # Use a clean theme
theme(
text = element_text(size = 14),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5) # Center the title
)## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_count()`).
#Box plots for variables
##Remove NAs on immigrant status so that box plots don;t have an empty box
SLYCE_clean <- SLYCE %>% filter(!is.na(gen_status))##Box plot looking at critical reflection by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = c_ref)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Critical Reflection by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "c_ref") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at critical motivation by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = c_mot)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Critical Motivation by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "c_mot") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at critical action by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = c_act)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Critical Action by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "c_act") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at interperonal action by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = ARA_Int)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Interpersonal Action by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "ARA_Int") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at communal action by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = ARA_Com)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Interpersonal Action by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "ARA_Com") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 1 row containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 1 row containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at family encouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = F_conv)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Family Encouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "F_conv") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at family sociopolitical action by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = F_sa)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Family Sociopolitical Action by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "F_sa") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at family discouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = F_disc)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Family Discouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "F_disc") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at Educator Encouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = Ed_enc)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Educator Encouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "Ed_enc") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at Educator Discouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = Ed_disc)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Educator Discouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "Ed_disc") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at Community Member Encouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = Com_enc)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Community Member Encouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "Com_enc") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
##Box plot looking at Community Member Discouragement by Immigrant Status
ggplot(SLYCE_clean, aes(x = gen_status, y = Com_disc)) +
geom_boxplot() + # Customize outliers
geom_jitter(aes(color = gen_status), width = 0.25) + # Add jittered points
scale_color_viridis_d(option = "D") + # Discrete viridis palette
labs(title = "Box Plot for Community Member Discouragement by GenStatus", x = "GenStatus", y = "Com_disc") +
theme_classic()## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).