🌍 What continent has the highest life expectancy?

From the analysis, Europe consistently has the highest average life expectancy.

💰 Does more GDP = longer life?

Yes — countries with higher GDP per capita tend to have longer life expectancy, especially in lower-income countries.

📈 How has global health improved?

Globally, life expectancy has steadily increased from 1952 to 2007, especially in Asia and Latin America.

📦 Load Packages and Data

library(gapminder)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

🔍 Preview the Data

head(gapminder)
## # A tibble: 6 × 6
##   country     continent  year lifeExp      pop gdpPercap
##   <fct>       <fct>     <int>   <dbl>    <int>     <dbl>
## 1 Afghanistan Asia       1952    28.8  8425333      779.
## 2 Afghanistan Asia       1957    30.3  9240934      821.
## 3 Afghanistan Asia       1962    32.0 10267083      853.
## 4 Afghanistan Asia       1967    34.0 11537966      836.
## 5 Afghanistan Asia       1972    36.1 13079460      740.
## 6 Afghanistan Asia       1977    38.4 14880372      786.
summary(gapminder)
##         country        continent        year         lifeExp     
##  Afghanistan:  12   Africa  :624   Min.   :1952   Min.   :23.60  
##  Albania    :  12   Americas:300   1st Qu.:1966   1st Qu.:48.20  
##  Algeria    :  12   Asia    :396   Median :1980   Median :60.71  
##  Angola     :  12   Europe  :360   Mean   :1980   Mean   :59.47  
##  Argentina  :  12   Oceania : 24   3rd Qu.:1993   3rd Qu.:70.85  
##  Australia  :  12                  Max.   :2007   Max.   :82.60  
##  (Other)    :1632                                                
##       pop              gdpPercap       
##  Min.   :6.001e+04   Min.   :   241.2  
##  1st Qu.:2.794e+06   1st Qu.:  1202.1  
##  Median :7.024e+06   Median :  3531.8  
##  Mean   :2.960e+07   Mean   :  7215.3  
##  3rd Qu.:1.959e+07   3rd Qu.:  9325.5  
##  Max.   :1.319e+09   Max.   :113523.1  
##

📊 Life Expectancy by Continent

gapminder %>%
  group_by(continent) %>%
  summarise(avg_lifeExp = mean(lifeExp))
## # A tibble: 5 × 2
##   continent avg_lifeExp
##   <fct>           <dbl>
## 1 Africa           48.9
## 2 Americas         64.7
## 3 Asia             60.1
## 4 Europe           71.9
## 5 Oceania          74.3

📈 Line Plot of Global Life Expectancy

gapminder %>%
  group_by(year) %>%
  summarise(mean_lifeExp = mean(lifeExp)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = mean_lifeExp)) +
  geom_line(color = "blue")

🔁 GDP vs Life Expectancy

ggplot(gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, color = continent)) +
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_log10()